• 에너지공학
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2016

저온환경에서 석유생산이 이루어질 경우 유동관, 라이저와 같은 석유생산시스템 내에서 온도에 민감한 왁스 고형물이 빈번히 집적되어 석유 이송을 방해하거나 배관을 막아 유동안정성 확보를 위한 시간 소모와 경제적 손실이 발생할 수 있다. 이러한 왁스 집적 문제를 제어하기 위해 오일 내 왁스가 처음 석출되기 시작하는 온도인 왁스생성온도를 사전에 파악하는 것이 중요하다. 기존 왁스생성온도 표준측정법은 왁스결정 석출로 인하여 변하는 시료의 혼탁도를 육안으로 확인하는 한계가 있으며, 오일의 연속적인 온도변화를 측정하기 어려워 정확도가 낮다. 이 연구에서는 오일의 왁스생성온도를 정확하게 측정하고자 왁스생성온도 측정 가시화 실험시스템을 통해 시간에 따라 온도를 감소시키며 왁스생성거동을 촬영하였다. 또한 영상 처리기법으로 투명 오일시료의 명도변화를 분석하여 왁스생성온도를 측정하였으며, 이를 표준측정법의 결과와 비교분석하였다.

• Journal of mucopolysaccharidosis and rare diseases
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.43-45
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• 2016

Whole body energy balance is achieved through the coordinated regulation of energy intake and energy expenditure in various tissues including liver, muscle and adipose tissues. A positive energy imbalance by excessive energy intake or insufficient energy expenditure results in obesity and related metabolic diseases. Although there have been many obesity treatment trials aimed at the reduction of energy intake, these strategies have achieved only limited success because of their associated adverse effects. Serotonin is among those traditional pharmacological targets for anti-obesity treatment because central 5-HT functions as an anorexigenic neurotransmitter in the brain. Thus, there have been many trials aimed at increasing the activity of 5-HT in the central nervous system, and some of the developed methods are already used in the clinical setting as anti-obesity drugs. However, recent studies suggest the new functions of peripheral serotonin in energy homeostasis ranging from the endocrine regulation by gut-derived serotonin to the autocrine/paracrine regulation by adipocyte-derived serotonin. Pharmacological inhibition of 5-HT synthesis leads to inhibition of lipogenesis in epididymal white adipose tissue (WAT), induction of browning in inguinal WAT and activation of adaptive thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT). Fat specific Tph1 knock-out (Tph1 FKO) mice exhibit similar phenotypes as mice with pharmacological inhibition of 5-HT synthesis, suggesting the localized effects of 5-HT in adipose tissues. In addition, Htr3a KO mice exhibit increased energy expenditure in BAT and Htr2a KO mice exhibit the decreased lipid accumulation in WAT. These data suggest the clinical significance of the peripheral serotonergic system as a new therapeutic target for anti-obesity treatment.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.107-113
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• 2011

Background: Metabolic disorders, including type II diabetes and obesity, present major health risks in industrialized countries. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has become the focus of a great deal of attention as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of metabolic syndromes. In this study, we evaluated whether dietary aloe could reduce obesity-induced inflammation and adipogenesis. Methods: Male C57BL/6 obese mice fed a high-fat diet for 54 days received a supplement of aloe formula (PAG, ALS, Aloe QDM, and Aloe QDM complex) or pioglitazone (PGZ) and were compared with unsupplemented controls (high-fat diet; HFD) or mice fed a regular diet (RD). RT-PCR and western blot analysis were used to quantify the expression of obesity-induced inflammation. Results: Aloe QDM complex downregulated fat size through suppressed expression of scavenger receptors on adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) compared with HFD. Both white adipose tissue (WATs) and muscle exhibited increased AMPK activation through aloe supplementation, and in particular, the Aloe QDM complex. Obesity-induced inflammatory cytokines (IL-$1{\beta}$ and -6) and $HIF1{\alpha}$ mRNA and protein were decreased markedly, as was macrophage infiltration by the Aloe QDM complex. Further, the Aloe QDM complex decreased the translocation of NF-${\kappa}B$ p65 from the cytosol in the WAT. Conclusion: Dietary aloe formula reduced obesity-induced inflammatory responses by activation of AMPK in muscle and suppression of proinflammatory cytokines in the WAT. Additionally, the expression of scavenger receptors in the ATM and activation of AMPK in WAT led to reduction in the percent of body fat. Thus, we suggest that the effect of the Aloe QDM complex in the WAT and muscle are related to activation of AMPK and its use as a nutritional intervention against T2D and obesity-related inflammation.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.253-259
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• 2015

Chronic low-grade inflammation is associated with obesity. This study investigated effect of high hydrostatic pressure extract of red ginseng (HRG) on inflammation in rats with high-fat (HF) diet induced obesity. Male, Sprague-Dawley rats (80~110 g) were randomly divided into two groups, and fed a 45% HF diet (HF) and a 45% HF diet containing 1.5% HRG (HF+HRG) for 14 weeks. At the end of the experiment, the serum leptin level was reduced by the HRG supplementation. The mRNA expression of genes related to adipogenesis including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma and adipocyte protein 2 was down-regulated in the white adipose tissue (WAT). The mRNA levels of major inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, and interleukin-6 were remarkably down-regulated by the HRG in WAT. These results suggest that HRG might be beneficial in ameliorating the inflammation-associated health complications by suppressing adipogenic and pro-inflammatory gene expression.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.870-882
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• 2023

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Obesity is a major risk factor for metabolic syndrome, a global public health problem. Mentha canadensis (MA), a traditional phytomedicine and dietary herb used for centuries, was the focus of this study to investigate its effects on obesity. MATERIALS/METHODS: Thirty-five male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into 2 groups and fed either a normal diet (ND, n = 10) or a high-fat diet (HFD, n = 25) for 4 weeks to induce obesity. After the obesity induction period, the HFD-fed mice were randomly separated into 2 groups: one group continued to be fed HFD (n = 15, HFD group), while the other group was fed HFD with 1.5% (w/w) MA ethanol extract (n = 10, MA group) for 13 weeks. RESULTS: The results showed that body and white adipose tissue (WAT) weights were significantly decreased in the MA-supplemented group compared to the HFD group. Additionally, MA supplementation enhanced energy expenditure, leading to improvements in plasma lipids, cytokines, hepatic steatosis, and fecal lipids. Furthermore, MA supplementation regulated lipid-metabolism-related enzyme activity and gene expression, thereby suppressing lipid accumulation in the WAT and liver. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that MA has the potential to improve diet-induced obesity and its associated complications, including adiposity, dyslipidemia, hepatic steatosis, and inflammation.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.129-138
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• 2019

In many cases, obesity is associated with metabolic disorders. Recently, natural compounds that may be beneficial for improving obesity have received increasing attention. Bitter melon has received attention as a diabetes treatment. $NAD^+$-dependent deacetylase (Sirtuin 1, SIRT1) has emerged as a novel therapeutic target for metabolic diseases. In this study, ethanol extract of bitter melon (BME) suppressed adipocyte differentiation and significantly increased the expression of SIRT1 in fully differentiated 3T3-L1 cells. Moreover, it enhanced the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). In high-fat diet (HFD)-fed induced-obesity mice, BME suppressed HFD-induced increases in body weight and white adipose tissue (WAT) weight. BME also increased the expression of SIRT1 and suppressed peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor and sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 expressions of WAT from HFD-fed mice. These findings suggest that BME prevents obesity by activating the SIRT1 and AMPK pathway and that it may be a useful dietary supplement for preventing obesity.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.900-907
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• 2017

This study was performed to investigate the body fat-lowering effect of garlic powder in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ${\gamma}$ coactivator-$1{\alpha}$(PGC-$1{\alpha}$)-luciferase transgenic mice (TG). In this study, we generated transgenic mice with a PGC-$1{\alpha}$ promoter (-970/+412 bp) containing luciferase as a reporter gene. Mice were fed a 45% high-fat diet for 8 weeks to induce obesity. Subsequently, mice were maintained on either a high-fat control diet (CON), or high-fat diets supplemented with 2% (GP2) or 5% (GP5) garlic powder for an additional 8 weeks. Dietary garlic powder reduced the body weight in the GP2 and GP5 groups, compared to the CON group. Furthermore, garlic supplementation significantly decreased the plasma levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, and leptin in the GP5 group, compared to the CON group. Specifically, luciferase activity in liver, white adipose tissue (WAT), and brown adipose tissue (BAT) was increased by garlic supplementation in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that the body fat-lowering effect of garlic powder might be related to PGC-$1{\alpha}$ by the increase in luciferase activity in liver, WAT, and BAT. Furthermore, transgenic mice might be useful for evaluating the body fat-lowering effect of various health functional foods.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.85-91
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• 2013

Recent studies have shown that Rosa canina L. and tiliroside, the principal constituent of its seeds, exhibit anti-obesity and anti-diabetic activities via enhancement of fatty acid oxidation in the liver and skeletal muscle. However, the effects of rosehip, the fruit of this plant, extract (RHE), or tiliroside on lipid accumulation in adipocytes have not been analyzed. We investigated the effects of RHE and tiliroside on lipid accumulation and protein expression of key transcription factors in both in vitro and in vivo models. RHE and tiliroside inhibited lipid accumulation in a dose-dependent manner in 3T3-L1 cells. We also analyzed the inhibitory effect of RHE on white adipose tissue (WAT) in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity mice model. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed HFD or HFD supplemented with 1% RHE (HFDRH) for 8 weeks. The HFDRH-fed group gained less body weight and had less visceral fat than the HFD-fed group. Liver weight was significantly lower in the HFDRH-fed group and total hepatic lipid and triglyceride (TG) content was also reduced. A significant reduction in the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR${\gamma}$) was observed in epididymal fat in the HFDRH-fed group, in comparison with controls, through Western blotting. These results suggest that downregulation of PPAR${\gamma}$ expression is involved, at least in part, in the suppressive effect of RHE on lipid accumulation in WAT.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2011

Objectives: This study was undertaken to evaluate anti-glycemic and anti-lipid effects of Supungsunkihwan-gagambang, which is composed of Cornus officinalis, Dioscorea Batatas Decaisne, Auantii fructus and Platicodon grandiflorum. Methods: Diabetes was induced in ICR male mice ($24{\pm}1g$) with Surwit's high fat and high sucrose diet. Mice were divided into 3 groups (n=10) of normal, control and Supungsunkihwan-gagambang. The Supungsunkihwan-gagambang group was given 5% herbal medicine in their diet. The animals were fed on each experimental diet for 8 weeks. Body weight was assessed every week. At the 7th week, the fasting blood sugar (FBS) and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were conducted in all experimental groups. After 8 weeks, fructosamine, lipid profile, epididymal fat weight, liver weight and white adipose tissue (WAT) size were measured. Results: Supungsunkihwan-gagambang significantly reduced FBS, OGTT and fructosamine. It also increased high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and significantly reduced triglyceride/HDL cholesterol ratio, total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratio and WAT size. Conclusions: These results show that Supungsunkihwan-gagambang improves anti-glycemic and anti-lipid effect in high fat diet-induced obese mice. Therefore we suggest that Supungsunkihwan-gagambang could be an effective treatment for patients with type 2 diabetes.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.105-114
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• 1995

다섯 가지의 벼 재배유형(栽培類型)[관행(慣行) 손이앙(移秧), 중묘(中苗)(30일묘(日苗))의 기계이앙(機械移秧), 어린모(10일묘(日苗))의 기계이앙(機械移秧), 최아종자(催芽種子)의 담수직파(湛水直播) 및 건종자(乾種子)의 건담직파(乾畓直播)]에 따라 잡초발생(雜草發生) 양상(樣相)과 경합특성(競合特性)을 조사(調査)하여 벼 생육(生育)과 수량변화(收量變化)를 근거(根據)로 한 각(各) 재배류형별(栽培類型別) 벼와 잡초(雜草)와의 경합(競合) 한계기간(限界期間)의 모형(模型)으로 잡초(雜草) 방제기간(防除期間)을 설정(設定)하였다. 무잡초상태(無雜草狀態)를 연장(延長)시킴에 따라 30일묘(日苗)와 10일묘(日苗) 기계이앙(機械移秧) 및 직파재배(直播栽培)는 벼의 출수(出穗)가 무잡초구(無雜草區)에 비하여 1~2일정도(日程度) 지연(遲延)되었다. 잡초발생(雜草發生) 허용기간(許容期間)을 연장(延長)시킨 경우에는 관행이앙(慣行移秧), 30일묘(日苗) 및 10일묘(日苗) 기계이앙(機械移秧)에서는 출수기(出穗期)에서 차이(差異)가 없었으나, 직파재배(直播栽培)에서는 파종후(播種後) 7~10주(週)까지의 경합연장(競合延長)으로 출수(出穗)가 4~7일정도(日程度) 지연(遲延)되었다가 더욱 경합(競合)이 길어짐에 따라 5~6일정도(日程度) 앞당겨지는 현상(現狀)을 보였다. 재배양식별(栽培樣式別) 이앙후(移秧後) 및 파종후(播種後) 무잡초(無雜草) 유지(維持) 한계기간(限界期間)이 수량구성요소(收量構成要素)에 미치는 영향(影響)은 관행이앙(慣行移秧)에서는 이앙후(移秧後) 4주이내(週以內)에 발생(發生)된 잡초(雜草)에 의하여 등숙비율(登熟比率)과 천립중(千粒重)의 감소(減少)가 나타났으며, 10일묘(日苗) 기계이앙(機械移秧)에서는 조사(調査)된 모든 수량구성요소(水量構成要素)의 감소(減少)가 있었다. 직파재배(直播栽培)에서는 단위(單位) 면적당(面積當) 수수(穗數)는 파종후(播種後) 8~9주간(週間), 수당입수(穗當粒數)는 4~5주간(週間), 등숙비율(登熟比率)은 3~4주간(週間), 천립중(千粒重)은 8~10주간(週間)의 무제초(無除草)로 인(因)하여 감소(減少)되었다. 관행이앙재배(慣行移秧栽培)는 잡초방제(雜草防除) 요구기간(要求期間)으로서 이앙직후(移秧直後) 4주간(週間)에 걸쳐 무잡초(無雜草) 상태(狀態)를 유지(維持)해 주거나 이앙(移秧) 8주후(週後)부터 무잡초(無雜草) 상태(狀態)를 유지(維持)해주는 이중(二重) 대체기간(對替期間)이 설정(設定)되었다. 30일묘(日苗) 기계이앙재배(機械移秧栽培)는 관행이앙재배(慣行移秧載培)와 같이 이앙후(移秧後) 5주간(週間)에 걸친 무잡초(無雜草) 상태(狀態) 유지(維持) 또는 이앙후(移秧後) 8주(週)부터 유지(維持)되는 무잡초(無雜草) 상태(狀態)의 이중(二重) 대체기간(對替期間)이 설정(設定)되었다. 10일묘(日苗) 기계이앙재배(機械移秧栽培)는 잡초방제(雜草防除) 요구기간(要求期間)은 이앙후(移秧後) 5주간(週間) 또는 이앙(移秧) 7주후(週後)부터 무잡초(無雜草) 상태(狀態)를 유지(維持)해주는 이중(二重) 대체기간(對替期間)으로 설정(設定)되었다. 담수직파재배(湛水直播載培)는 파종후(播種後) 5주(週)부터 7주(週)까지의 단일기간중(單一期間中)에 잡초방제(雜草防除)가 요구(要求)되어 진다. 건답직파재배(乾畓直播栽培)는 잡초방제(雜草防除) 요구기간(要求期間)은 파종후(播種後) 6주(週)부터 9주(週)까지의 단일기간(單一期間)으로 설정(設定)되었다.