• 보건행정학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.369-377
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• 2018

Background: Catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) occurs when medical expenditure of a household passes over a certain ratio of household income. This research studied the effect of gender on CHE based on Korea Health Panel data. Methods: This study implemented binary logistic regression model to figure out whether gender affects CHE and how different gender groups show pattern of CHE process. With gender, age, marital status, income level, economic activity, membership of private insurance, existence of chronic disease, and self-rated health were included in the model. Results: Results showed that females faced CHE 1.5 times more than males (odds ratio, 1.241). Also, main determinants of CHE in female groups were marital status, while age and economic activity status were significant in male groups. Subgroup analysis displayed that married female under 35 years old are located in intersectionality of CHE including pregnancy and delivery, multiple health risk behaviors, mental stress, and relatively vulnerable social status due to lower income. Meanwhile, both gender above 50 years old faced remarkably high chance of CHE, which seems to be caused by complex health risk behaviors and chronic diseases. Conclusion: Such results implied not only that gender is an important determinant of CHE, but also other determinants of CHE differ according to gender, which suggests a necessity of gender-based CHE support and rescue policy.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.264-276
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• 2021

Background: Salt marshes provide a variety of ecosystem services; however, they are vulnerable to human activity, water level fluctuations, and climate change. Analyses of the relationships between plant communities and environmental conditions in salt marshes are expected to provide useful information for the prediction of changes during climate change. In this study, relationships between the current vegetation structure and environmental factors were evaluated in the tidal flat at the southern tip of Ganghwa, Korea, where salt marshes are well-developed. Results: The vegetation structure in Ganghwa salt marshes was divided into three groups by cluster analysis: group A, dominated by Phragmites communis; group B, dominated by Suaeda japonica; and group C, dominated by other taxa. As determined by PERMANOVA, the groups showed significant differences with respect to altitude, soil moisture, soil organic matter, salinity, sand, clay, and silt ratios. A canonical correspondence analysis based on the percent cover of each species in the quadrats showed that the proportion of sand increased as the altitude increased and S. japonica appeared in soil with a relatively high silt proportion, while P. communis was distributed in soil with low salinity. Conclusions: The distributions of three halophyte groups differed depending on the altitude, soil moisture, salinity, and soil organic matter, sand, silt, and clay contents. Pioneer species, such as S. japonica, appeared in soil with a relatively high silt content. The P. communis community survived under a wider range of soil textures than previously reported in the literature; the species was distributed in soils with relatively low salinity, with a range expansion toward the sea in areas with freshwater influx. The observed spatial distribution patterns may provide a basis for conservation under declining salt marshes.

• 한국자연치유학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.48-55
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• 2021

목적: 지적장애인은 수용어휘와 표현어휘의 사용에 취약하다. 본 연구의 목적은 시설거주 성인 지적장애인에게 그림동화를 활용하여 읽기 교육을 지도한 후에 수용어휘와 표현어휘에 미치는 영향을 조사하는 것이었다. 방법: 연구대상은 거주시설에서 거주하는 20~40세미만의성인지적장애인 12명이다. 이들은 중재집단 6명과통제집단 6명으로나누어서 매회기 당 60분씩 총 12회기로 그림동화를 활용한 읽기 지도를 중재하였다. 결과: 그림동화를 활용한 읽기 활동을 시행한 중재집단에서는 수용어휘의 사용이 유의하게 향상되었고, 표현어휘의 활용도 유의하게 향상되었다. 통제집단에서는 모두 유의한 결과가 나타나지 아니했다. 결론: 본 연구는 장애인을 대상으로 그림동화를 활용한 읽기를 지도한 후에는 수용어휘와 표현어휘의 활용이 향상되는 효과가 있었다. 이 결과는 이 분야의 연구에 기초가 되리라 평가한다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.497-505
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• 2018

이 연구의 목적은 중증질환자들을 대상으로 민간의료보험 가입자와 미가입자간의 특성을 파악하고, 가입 요인을 분석하기 위함이다. 연구도구는 2015년도 국민건강영양조사 자료를 이용하였으며, SPSS ver 23.0을 사용하였고, 연구 대상자는 19세 이상 중증질환자(암, 심장질환, 뇌혈관질환) 417명을 선정하였다. 분석방법은 민간의료보험 가입 현황과 차이를 파악하기 위해 교차분석을 실시하였고, 민간의료보험 가입에 미치는 요인을 분석하기 위해 이항 로지스틱 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 분석 결과 사회 인구학적 특성에서는 성별, 거주지, 혼인상태와 관계없이 나이가 젊을수록 높았다. 그리고, 사회 경제적 상태에서는 교육수준과 관계없이 가구소득이 높을수록, 의료급여대상자에 비하여 건강보험대상자의 가입률이 높았다. 건강행태에서는 주관적 건강 인식 및 걷기 실천과 무관하게 활동제한이 있는 집단의 민간의료보험 가입률이 낮았으며, 설명력은 51.7%이었다. 그러므로, 중증질환자 중 민간의료보험에 가입하지 못한 집단을 선별하여 생활환경 개선 및 지방자치단체의 지원을 촉구해야 할 것이다. 또한, 사회적 취약계층 및 건강행태에 제한 있는 집단을 대상으로 중증질환 예방을 위한 정부의 보건교육 또는 프로그램 제공 등 다양한 보건정책을 고려해야 할 것이다.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.62-70
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• 2000

Nutrition education should be an important component of ongoing health promotion for older adults and their caregivers. This is because prevention through sound nutrition and food hygiene practices and regular excercise is the most cost-effective way to reduce risks for and deal with their major health problems. nutritions education services should effectively promote optimum intake and successful self-care. Unfortunately, however relative to other vulnerable groups, nutrition education for older adults has not been systematically developed or evaluated. Usually oder adults care a lot about their health, so this should be a relatively easy group to teach - but their increasing numbers, longevity and great diversity with respect to health, physical, and economic status and educational level present challenges. Some older adults may not perceive they would benefit from nutrition education, so interesting and motivating them is a challenge. The food and nutrition knowledge of older people has been acquired through a lifetime of experience. For most older adults in the Asian region, their sources are restricted by their restricted education, so that their major sources of information have been informal sources, such as television, radio, friends, family, and perhaps newspapers and magazines if they are literature. Nonetheless, dietary advice for older people should build on their existing knowledge and ingrained values. It should provide information useful in daily food selection, and focus on food, not nutrients - the same foods and groups considered appropriate for younger people, with consistent messages as given throughout the population. Attention must also be paid to discovering learning styles in older people. When we teach in schools, the young students are a captive audience resigned to their learning role. Learning by an older adult, however, reflects an effort to meet his or her perceived needs. Therefore, nutrition education should be a positive experience in a non-threatening environment, relaxed and non-competitive, and perhaps even social environment. The messages also need to be practical and achievable. A needs assessment is essential, because our ability to provide the most effective nutrition education will depend on our success in matching the needs, both perceived and unperceived. of this vulnerable group. Therefore, go to the potential older learners to assess their interest and preferences. Nutrition education activities for older adults are widespread, but few have been evaluated. Evaluation is therefore also recommended, particularly when new methods are used. Tips from other countries for giving successful nutrition education will be given, including some examples of applications as attempted in Hong Kong. Research needs will also be described. In conclusion, successful nutrition education for older adults depends on positive needs-based messages. This is may be hard to do, as few good examples are available to illustrate these principles.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.91-97
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• 2007

본 연구는 기술위험에 대한 한국인의 인지수준을 경험적으로 분석하기 위하여 설문조사(표본 크기 1,870)를 실시하고, 응답자의 사회인구학적 변수를 배경으로 그 특성을 정리하였다. 설문에서 교통, 유해화학물질, 환경, 산업안전, 원자력 그리고 새로운 기술 등 6개 분야의 25개 위험에 대한 상대적인 위험수준을 평가하였다. 요인분석 결과, 응답자의 위험인지에서 독특한 행태적 특성을 발견하였다. 통계에 거한 객관적 위험평가와 주관적 위험인지는 뚜렷한 차이를 보이며, 응답자의 사회인구학적 변수는 이러한 차이를 의미있게 설명하고 있다. 예를 들면, 중 소도시에 거주하는 저소득 저학력의 30-40대 기혼 여성이 다른 사회집단 구성원보다 위험에 민감한 반응을 보였으며, 생소하거나 막연한 대상의 위험 수준을 높이 평가하는 경향이 있다. 이러한 연구결과는 위험인지에서 나타나는 개인 차원의 오류와 편견을 줄이고, 위험관리 정책과 안전규제를 효과적으로 집행하는데 요구되는 기반자료로서 활용할 수 있다. 특히, 위험인지의 사회집단별 차별성은 안전과 관련된 과학적인 지식과 정보를 누구에게 어떻게 전달할 것인지에 대한 정책적 함의를 제공한다. 현대사회의 위험관리는 기술공학적 접근과 더불어 사회 문화적 변수를 고려하여 추진되어야 한다는 점을 재확인한다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제19권7호
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• pp.546-558
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• 2019

건강불평등은 사회적 취약계층에게 부정적 영향을 미칠 수 있는 건강상의 차이를 일컫는다. 여러 학자들은 경제적, 사회적 불평등이 건강에 부정적 영향을 미치고 있으므로 건강 불평등을 축소하려는 사회적 개입이 필요하다고 주장한다. 이런 맥락에서 이 글은 여성가족부가 지난 2016년부터 시행하고 있는 학교 밖 청소년 건강검진을 한국 사회의 건강불평등 감소 정책의 일환으로 소개하고자 한다. 국가건강검진제도에서 소외됐던 학교 밖 청소년을 검진제도 내로 편입한 것은 국가차원의 건강불평등 완화 정책으로서 큰 의미를 갖는다. 지금까지 학교 밖 청소년은 한국 사회에서 소외집단이었을 뿐 아니라, 건강검진제도 내에서도 사각지대에 있었다. 이중의 상당수는 가족주의가 굳건한 한국사회에서 가족의 보호와 지원을 받지 못한 채 거리로 쫓겨난 어린 노동자임에도 불구하고 '일탈적인 10대', '가출 청소년', '비행 청소년' 등으로 불리며 차별받았다. 현행 학교 밖 청소년 건강검진은 대안학교에 다니거나 쉼터에 거주하는 등 비교적 주거파악이 쉬운 청소년 위주로 실시되고 있다. 이 제도의 실질적인 성과를 위해서는 주거가 불안정한 가출 청소년까지 검진제도 내로 포섭하는 접근성 확대 정책이 필요하다. 그리고 검진 사후관리, 예방접종과 정신건강, 검진주기 단축 등 실질적인 성과를 거두기 위한 방법과 실행이 더해져야 할 것이다.

• 재활복지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.63-88
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• 2017

본 연구는 재난취약계층인 청각장애인의 재난관리 및 지원체계에 관한 연구가 상당부문 공백으로 남아있다는 문제의식 하에, 청각장애인을 대상으로 재난대응 욕구 전반에 대한 실태를 조사해 양적으로 분석하고, 재난 구조과정 최일선에 있는 소방공무원들과의 심층인터뷰를 통한 질적 분석을 함께 제시함으로써 청각장애인의 재난대응 욕구에 대한 이해를 높이고 정책방안을 모색해 보고자 했다. 분석결과, 위험상황에서의 도움을 요청하는 수단 확보 및 구조 과정에서의 정보전달과 관련된 의사소통 욕구, 재난 발생 시 효과적인 대피능력 및 훈련정도를 의미하는 이동(이송) 욕구, 신체적 정신적 응급조치에 대한 사전준비 정도 및 구조 구급과정에서의 건강정보의 전달과 관련된 의료적 돌봄 욕구, 재난 발생 시 발생되는 피해를 스스로 최소화하기 위해 준비된 정도를 의미하는 자립성 유지 욕구, 재난취약계층에게 제공되는 공식화된 맞춤형 지원체계에 해당하는 슈퍼비전 욕구 등 5대 재난대응욕구 전반에서 청각장애인의 재난대응 욕구충족 수준은 상당히 미흡한 것으로 분석되었다. 청각장애인의 재난관리 보장을 강화하기 위해 시각경보장치의 확대설치 지원 확충 및 화상수화통역서비스 활용 강화, 재난대응 교육 훈련 프로그램의 내실화, 건강정보카드 보유 장려 및 장애인지정병원제도 신설, 맞춤형 재난지원체계와 재난관리 거버넌스 활성화를 위한 예산 및 정책 확대 등을 제안했다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.48-55
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• 2021

Objectives: This study was conducted to estimate the dietary iodine intake of Koreans by a Total Diet Study (TDS) which provides 'closer-to-real' estimates of exposure to hazardous materials and nutrients through an analysis of table-ready (cooked) samples of foods. Methods: Dietary intake data from 2013-2017 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) was used to select representative foods (RFs) for iodine analysis. A total of 115 RFs were selected and 158 'RF × cooking method-combination' pairs were derived by pairing each RF to corresponding cooking method(s) used more frequently. RFs were collected from 9 mega-markets in 9 metropolitan cities nationwide and mixed into composites prior to cooking preparation to a 'table ready' state for iodine analysis by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Iodine intake of Koreans was estimated based on the food intake data of the 2016-2018 KNHANES. Results: High iodine content was detected in seaweeds such as sea mustard and kelp. The mean iodine intake/capita/day was 418.4 ㎍ and the median value was 129.0 ㎍. Seaweeds contributed to 77.4% of the total iodine intake and the contribution by food item was as follows: sea mustard (44.0%), kelp (20.4%), laver (13.1%), milk (3.9%), egg (3.5%). Compared to the Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans 2020, the proportion of people with iodine intake exceeding the tolerable upper intake level or below the estimated average requirement was high in the physiologically vulnerable groups (infants, children, pregnant women, and lactating women). Conclusions: The results, drawn from a TDS, are regarded closer to real estimates for iodine intake of Koreans compared with values in existing literature, which were based on a very limited variety of foods. On the other hand, it seems necessary to seek out solutions for the problematic iodine intake among physiologically vulnerable groups through in-depth analyses on food intake data collected with significant scale & quality.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.63-79
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• 2003

This study has examined the degree of depression and anxiety among high school students in an urban area and then explored the factors influencing their depression and/or anxiety status. Self-administered questionnaires were offered to 2,381 students from ten high schools in Daejon Metropolitan City. The items for investigation included such factors as various characteristics of school and family life, daily life style, and the degree of depression and anxiety. Based on the study results, the following conclusions were made； 1. The distribution according to the depression degree has shown that 61.9％ of students were normal, 32.9％ of students had mild depression, 5.0％ moderate depression, and 0.3％ severe depression. As for anxiety, 40.2％ of students were normal, while 19.1％ were classified as having anxiety and 40.7％ borderline anxiety. 2. As regards to the degree of depression and anxiety, it was greater in girls than boys, in 3rd graders than 1st and 2nd graders, and in the groups who have recieved lower grades in studies, who had poor relations with their friends and a low feeling of satisfaction with school life. In particular, concerning various characteristics of family life, the scores of depression and anxiety were higher in the groups whose financial conditions were poor, whose parents' interests were lower, whose degree of satisfaction with their family and school life was lower, than their counterparts. 3. According to their life styles higher scores of depression and anxiety were found in the groups whose sleeping time was inappropriate, whose breakfasts were skipped, who ate daily snacks, who didn't take regular exercises, and who had poor health habits, compared to their counterparts, respectively. 4. As for the correlation between the degree of depression and its associated variables, the higher scores of depression were in positive correlation with the groups who had lower grades in studies, poor relation with their friends, low feeling of satisfaction with school and home life, low parents' interest, poor subjective condition of health, breakfast skipping, lack of regular exercises, and lower indices of health habits. 5. As for anxiety, the higher scores of anxiety were in the positive correlation with the groups with poor relation with their friends, low feeling of satisfaction with school and family life, poor subjective condition of health, lack of regular exercises, and poor health habits. 6. The influential factors on the depression of students were selected such as subjective condition of health, sex, feeling of satisfaction with family and school life, grades in studies, relation with their friends, presence of regular exercises, degree of interest of parents, sleeping time, cigarette smoking and eating breakfast. 7. The influential factors on the anxiety state of students were selected such as subjective condition of health, feeling of satisfaction with family and school life, sex, sleeping time, regular exercises, cigarette smoking, snacking and relations with their friends. The present study results suggest that girls rather than boys, higher graders than lower ones are more vulnerable to anxiety and depression state, and besides, various characteristics of school and family life, and daily life style can be influential on students' emotional states. Therefore, better management of psychological status of students is thought to require a wide variety of measures to modify the influencing factors and to encourage social support.