• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2005년도 추계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.67-70
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• 2005

Ultra high strength concrete, nowadays, has been widely applied to construction of high-rise building. To improve ductility and mechanical properties, steel fiber is employed in UHSC. This study investigates practical application of expansive additives(EA) and shrinkage reducing agent(SRA), in order to secure volumetric stability and improved mechanical properties, such as autogenous shrinkage and dry shrinkage of steel-fiber-reinforced-ultra-high-strength-comet-mortar(FHSM). According to the test, individual addition of steel fiber does not affect shrinkage reduction, as expected. However FHSM, with combined addition of 5$\%$ of EA and 1$\%$ of SRA decreased 60$\%$ of autogenous shrinkage. It is considered that Proper combination of EA and SRA can secure the shrinkage resistance of FHSM.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.135-141
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• 2002

Objectives : The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of light intensity variation on the polymerization rate of composite resin using IB system (the experimental equipment designed by Dr. IB Lee) by which real-time volumetric change of composite can be measured. Methods : Three commercial composite resins [Z100(Z1), AeliteFil(AF), SureFil(SF)] were photopolymerized with Variable Intensity Polymerizer unit (Bisco, U.S.A.) under the variable light intensity (75/150/225/300/375/450mW$^2$) during 20 sec. Polymerization shrinkage of samples was detected continuously by IB system during 110 sec and the rate of polymerization shrinkage was obtained by its shrinkage data. Peak time(P.T.) showing the maximum rate of polymerization shrinkage was used to compare the polymerization rate. Results : Peak time decreased with increasing light intensity(p<0.05). Maximum rate of polymerization shrinkage increased with increasing light intensity(p<0.05). Statistical analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between peak time and inverse square root of the light intensity (AF:R=0.965, Zl:R=0.974, SF:R=0.927). Statistical analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between the maximum rate of polymerization shrinkage and peak time(AF:R=-0.933, Zl:R=-0.892, SF:R=-0.883), and a significant positive correlation between the maximum rate of polymerization shrinkage and square root of the light intensity (AF:R=0.988, Zl:R=0.974, SF:R=0.946). Discussion and Conclusions : The polymerization rate of composite resins used in this study was proportional to the square root of light intensity Maximum rate of polymerization shrinkage as well as peak time can be used to compare the polymerization rate. Real-time volume method using IB system can be a simple alternative method to obtain the polymerization rate of composite resins.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.51-58
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• 2010

복합레진이 개발된 이후 많은 물성의 향상이 이루어졌으나 복합레진의 중합수축은 아직 해결되지 않은 주요 단점으로 남아있다. 중합수축이 적은 복합레진을 만들기 위한 많은 노력이 이루어졌고, 최근에 기존의 methacrylate 기질이 아닌 silorane 기질의 복합레진이 개발되었다. 본 연구에서는 silorane 기질의 복합레진과 methacrylate 기질의 복합레진의 중합수축거동을 측정하고 비교하고자 하였다. 온도변화에 민감하지 않으며 실시간으로 복합레진의 체적 중합수축을 측정할 수 있는 계측장치를 제작하여 사용하였다. 5종의 methacrylate 기질의 수복용 복합레진(Beautifil, Z100, Z250, Z350, Gradia X)과 silorane 기질 복합레진 (P90)의 중합수축을 10분 동안 측정하여, 중합수축량, 최대 중합수축률 그리고 최대수축시간을 비교하였다. 복합레진의 중합수축은 제품별로 많은 차이를 보였다. Silorane 기질의 P90복합레진의 중합수축이 1.48%로 가장 낮았고 Beautifil 복합레진의 중합수축이 2.80%로 가장 높았다. Methacrylate 계열의 복합레진 사이에도 중합수축량에 제품별로 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<0.05). 최대 중합수축률은 P90이 0.13%/s로 가장 낮았고 Z100이 0.34%/s로 가장 높았다. 최대 수축시간은 methacrylate기질의 복합레진(2.4-3.1초)에 비해, silorane 기질의 P90 복합레진이 6.7초로 두 배 이상 길었다. 최대중합수축률은 중합수축과 최대수축시간의 역수를 곱한 값과 강한 양의 상관관계를 보였다(R = 0.95).

• 한국공작기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국공작기계학회 2002년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.112-118
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• 2002

Injection molding process factors such as molding temperature, injection pressure, flow rate and flow velocity, must be controlled properly in filling and packing phases in the injection molding process. In this study, effects of these factors on the injection molding were investigated through the flow analysis fur the filling and packing phases. Molding troubles like flow mark, weld line, sink mark, short shot and warpage can be caused by these injection molding process factors. Among them, the short shot was caused by that the packing pressure could not reach properly to the filling end part in the packing phase and hence the flow rate could not be supplied to the full. In addition, as the flow rate for the volumetric shrinkage during the frozen phase could not be supplied properly by the packing pressure, the short shot appeared. Here, the volumetric shrinkage reduced with increasing the packing pressure and also the warpage of molded part increased with increasing the packing pressure.

• 한국공작기계학회논문집
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.44-53
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• 2002

Injection molding process factors such as molding temperature, injection pressure, flow rate and flow velocity, must be controlled properly in filling and packing phases in the injection molding process. In this study, effects of these factors on the injection molding were investigated through the flow analysis for the filling and packing phases. Molding troubles like flow mark weld line, sink ma가 short shot and warpage car be caused by these injection molding process factors. Among them the short shot was caused by the fact that the packing pressure could not reach properly to the filling end part in the packing phase and hence the flow rate could not be supplied to the full. In addition as the flow rate for the volumetric shrinkage during the f개zen phase could not be supplied Properly by the packing pressure, the short shot appeared. Here, the volumetric shrinkage reduced with increasing the packing pressure and also the warpage of molded part increased with increasing the packing Pressure.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.66-71
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• 1994

To increase drying rate and reduce drying degradation, pretreatments such as prefreezing and presteaming have been widely used in wood industries. Presteaming lumbers prior to kiln drying is known positively to improve its permeability, to increase diffusion coefficient and to reduce discoloration, but negatively to increase collapse. Prefreezing lumbers prior to kiln drying is also known to reduce significantly its drying defects and its shrinkages. Thus it is no doubt that the pretreated lumbers shrink diversely from the untreated. In this study the shrinkage behaviors of the pretreated specimens are investigated by drying two tropical hardwoods (Apitong and Taun) in three different dying conditions: high temperature and slow drying rate (drying in a closed cylinder), high temperature and rapid drying rate (drying in an oven) and low temperature and slow drying rate(drying at room temperature). The prefrozen specimens show the least volumetric shrinkages in most drying conditions. The specimens dried in cylinders shrink most among all drying conditions. In general the pretreated specimens reached the 30 % moisture content faster than the untreated by about 30 %.

• 품질경영학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.86-98
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• 2002

Defining the relationship between the quality of injection molded parts and the process condition is very complicate because of lots of factor are involved and each factor has a non-linearity. With the development of CAE(Computer Aided Engineering) technology, the estimation of volumetric shrinkage of injection mold parts is possible by computer simulation even though restricted application. In this research, Neural Network applied for finding optimal processing condition. The percent of volumetric shrinkage compared on each case and show neural network can be successfully applied selecting optimum condition not only within factor level but also between factor level.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.71-76
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• 2002

Defining the relationship between the quality of Injection molded parts and the process condition is very complicate because of lots of factors are involved and each factor has a non-linearity. With the development of CAE(Computer Aided Engineering) technology, the estimation of volumetric shrinkage of injection mold parts is possible by computer simulation in spite of restricted application. In this research, the Taguchi method md Neural Network are applied for finding optimal processing condition. The percent of volumetric shrinkage is compared on each case and shows neural network can be successfully applied.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.28-34
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• 1995

Korean pine(Pinus koraiensis S. et Z.) is an economically important species in Korea because it will be harvested largely within next 20~30 years. The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in green moisture content, specific gravity and shrinkage in the stems of a Korean pine trees to provide fundamental information for technical processes. The followings are the results of this study. 1. There were about 110% differences in the heartwood and sapwood' green moisture contents (heartwood=59.5%; sapwood=170.6%). 2. There were no significant differences in average volumetric shrinkage between heratwood and sapwood, even though there were significant differences in moisture contents between them. Therefore, moisture content did not significantly influence on the shrinkage. 3. There was no significant relationship between height and shrinkage in heartwood. However, in the sapwood, shrinkage was highly correlated with the height. 4. Shrinkage levels were the most significant in south-bound direction and least significant in north-bound direction in both heartwood and sapwood. 5. There was a positive correlation between specific gravity and shrinkage in the sapwood. However, no such a relationship was found in the heartwood.

• 폴리머
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.153-157
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• 2009

치과용 복합 재료의 레진 기질은 주로 2,2-bis[4-(2-hydroxy-3-methacryloyloxy propoxy) phenyl] propane(Bis-GMA)와 이의 점도 감소를 위한 희석제인 triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA)로 구성되어 있다. TEGDMA는 복합 재료의 중합 수축률과 흡수율을 증가시켜 치과용 복합 재료의 사용에 제약 요소로 작용하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 희석제 첨가량을 감소시켜 희석제 첨가에 따른 문제점을 해결하기 위해 diethylene glycol dimethacrylate(DEGDMA)와 ethylene glycol dimethacrylate(EGDMA)를 대체 희석제로 검토하였다. 이들 희석제를 이용하여 치과용 복합 재료를 제조해 특성 변화를 관찰한 결과 기존 소재에 비해 중합 수축를 감소와 기계적 물성의 증가가 관찰되었다. 특히 DEGDMA 혹은 EGDMA를 사용한 경우 평형 흡수율이 감소되어 흡수에 따른 물성 저하가 기존 재료에 비해 감소하였다.