• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.71-76
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• 2007

Objectives This experimental study was performed to investigate the continuous anti-bacterial potency of Coptidis rhizoma extract on cultivation of Staphylococcus species(S. aureus, S. epidermidis) that induce eye disease. Methods Minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC) was measured by dropping to $50{\mu}l$ diluted Coptidis rhizoma extract(100%, 10%, 1%, 0.1%) on S. aureus, S. epidermidis that were cultivated from 2 to 6 days. Anti-bacterial potency was measured by the size of inhibition zone with change of volume($20{\mu}l,\;30{\mu}l,\;40{\mu}l,\;50{\mu}l$). Results 1. Anti-bacterial potency of Coptidis rhizoma extract on S. aureus was appeared in 100%, 10% and was the same as anti-bacterial potency of 2 days and 6 days. Anti-bacterial potency with change of volume(100%) was increased in propotion to increase volume on all samples. Anti-bacterial potency with change of volume(10%) was increased in propotion to increase volume on all samples except $20{\mu}l$. Anti-bacterial potency of Coptidis rhizoma extract on S. aureus was appeared continuous. 2. Anti-bacterial potency of Coptidis rhizoma extract on S. epidermidis was appeared in 100%, 10% and was the same as anti-bacterial potency of 2 days and 6 days. Anti-bacterial potency with change of volume(100%) was increased in propotion to increase volume on all samples. Anti-bacterial potency with change of volume(10%) was appeared in $50{\mu}l$. Anti-bacterial potency of Coptidis rhizoma extract on S. epidermidis was appeared continuous. Conclusions Anti-bacterial potency of Coptidis rhizoma extract on cultivation of S. aureus & S. epidermidis was showed continuous.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.173-176
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• 2020

Sweet bee venom (SBV) causes less hypersensitivity reactions compared with whole bee venom. To determine the appropriate SBV initial dose for pharmacopuncture treatment of lower back pain, the initial dose, and the dose which caused hypersensitivity were retrospectively reviewed between January 1^st, 2017 and December 31^st, 2019. There were 523 first-visit patients who received SBV pharmacopuncture for lower back pain and 41 showed hypersensitivity. No systemic reactions were observed and localized reactions were not severe. Hypersensitivity was observed during the first (7 cases), and fifth treatments (8 cases). An initial SBV (10%) volume of 0.1 mL was used in 2 cases, 0.2 mL in 6 cases, 0.6 mL in 41 cases, and 1.2 mL in 474 cases. The hypersensitivity rate during the first and fifth treatment was 1.34% and 1.53%, respectively. As a result, 1.2 mL of SBV was considered the acceptable initial dose. However, for safer treatment, we recommend limiting the initial dose of SBV to 0.5 mL.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.46-51
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• 2017

The aim of this study is to investigate anti-arthritis activity using a KV pharmacopuncture. KV pharmacopuncture was inserted at BL40 for 4 weeks to SD-Rat, where arthritis was induced by monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) at 60 mg/ml. MMP-9, CTX II, LTB4, calcitonin and glycosaminoglycan level in serum were measured by ELISA. The cartilage of patella volume was examined and 3-D high-resolution reconstructions of the cartilage of patella were obtained using a Micro-CT system. Also, The histopathological change of knee was observed by H&E and safranin-O staining. Production of MMP-9, CTX II and LTB4 level in serum was decreased, respectively, in comparison with control. The other way, production of calcitonin and glycosaminoglycan level in serum was increased, respectively, in comparison with control. The cartilage of patella volume increased significantly. In addition, the KV group showed a increase in the cartilage volume and proteoglycan. These results may be used a remedy for new korea medicine to ease the symptoms mentioned above.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.10 no.1 s.22
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• pp.23-36
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• 2007

Objective : We performed this study in order to investigate the effects of Paljeongsan-gamibang(八正散加味方) on the renal failure. Methods : We injected 8ml/kg of 50% glycerol on the rats. And then administered Paljeongsan-gamibang extract ; 209mg/200g/day to sample group during 3 days and observed the body temperature, urine volume, stool volume and the levels of creatinine, glucose, inorganic phosphorus, Na+, K+, Cl-, threonine, tyrosine in blood and creatinine, glucose, threonine, tyrosine in urine. Results : 1, The sample group administered Paljeongsan-gamibang showed a suppressive effect of body temperature, an improving effect in capability of concentrating urine at convoluted tubule and showed an increasing effect of stool volume. 2. The sample group administered Paljeongsan-gamibang showed a lowering effect in creatinine level in blood and showed an increasing effect in the levels of inorganic phosphorus, Na+, K+, Cl-, threonine and tyrosine in blood. 3. The sample group administered Paljeongsan-gamibang showed an increasing effect in creatinine level in urine and showed a lowering effect in the levels of glucose, inorganic phosphorus, threonine and tyrosine in urine. Conclusions : Conclusively, Paljeongsan-gamibang was recognized to have a curative effect against the damage of rat kidney induced by 50% glycerol, especially to improve the capability of reabsorption in proximal convoluted tubule.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.16-24
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• 2014

Objectives: Alcohol abuse is a public issue and one of the major causes of liver disease worldwide. This study was aimed at investigating the protective effect of Ganoderma lucidum pharmacopuncture (GLP) against hepatotoxicity induced by acute ethanol (EtOH) intoxication in rats. Methods: Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into 4 groups of 8 animals each: normal, control, normal saline pharmacopuncture (NP) and GLP groups. The control, NP and GLP groups received ethanol orally. The NP and the GLP groups were treated daily with injections of normal saline and Ganoderma lucidum extract, respectively. The control group received no treatment. The rats in all groups, except the normal group, were intoxicated for 6 hours by oral administration of EtOH (6 g/kg BW). The same volume of distilled water was administered to the rats in the normal group. Two local acupoints were used: Qimen (LR14) and Taechung (LR3). A histopathological analysis was performed, and the liver function and the activities of antioxidant enzymes were assessed. Results: GLP treatment reduced the histological changes due to acute liver injury induced by EtOH and significantly reduced the increase in the alanine aminotransferase (ALT) enzyme; however, it had an insignificant effect in reducing the increase in aspartate aminotransferase (AST) enzyme. It also significantly ameliorated the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the catalase (CAT) activities. Conclusion: The present study suggests that GLP treatment is effective in protecting against ethanol-induced acute hepatic injury in SD rats by modulating the activities of ethanol-metabolizing enzymes and by attenuating oxidative stress.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.185-206
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• 2021

Objectives: The objective of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of pharmacopuncture treatment for insomnia disorder to derive clinical evidence and recommendation grades. Methods: Studies that verified effects of pharmacopuncture on primary insomnia were included. Characteristics and quality of included studies were assessed using Risk of Bias (RoB). Results: A total of 25 studies were selected. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and effective rate were primarily used for outcome measurement. Vitamin B12 was the most used pharmacopuncture material. The most frequently used acupuncture point was Anmian (Ex-HN). The volume of the acupuncture solution ranged from 0.25 mL to 2 mL. Acupuncture treatment depth was 0.5 cm to 2 cm. In three studies, the procedure was performed at 16:00. Meta-analysis of studies revealed that the effective rate of the pharmacopuncture group was significantly higher than the group using sleeping pills group (RR: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.45, p=0.04, I²=69%). PSQI was decreased in the intervention group (MD=-2.19, 95% CI: -2.90 to -1.48, p<0.00001, I²=0%). Effective rates of pharmacopuncture and acupuncture groups were higher than that of the acupuncture group (RR: 1.11, 95% CI: 1.05 to 1.17, p=0.0002, I²=0%). PSQI was decreased in the intervention group (MD=-1.87, 95% CI: -2.36 to -1.38, p<0.00001, I²=0%). Although the effectiveness rate of the pharmacopuncture group was not significantly higher than that of the acupuncture group (RR: 1.12, 95% CI: 0.98 to 1.27, p=0.1, I²=9%), the PSQI was decreased in the pharmacopuncture group (MD=-2.10, 05% CI: -3.29 to -0.91, p=0.0005, I²=34%). The quality of clinical studies was poor. Conclusions: Based on results of this study, it is proper to use 0.5 to 2 mL of pharmacopuncture solution such as Danshen and Ciwujia with a depth of 0.5 to 2 cm at around 4 p.m. to treat insomnia disorder, focusing on Anmian (Ex-HN) and Sameumgyo (SP6).

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.10 no.2 s.23
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• pp.87-91
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• 2007

Objectives : This experimental study was performed to investigate the continuous anti-bacterial potency of Jinpi-san on cultivation of Staphylococcus species(S. aureus, S. epidermidis) that induce eye disease. Methods : Minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC) was measured by dropping to 50${\mu}$l diluted Jinpi-san(100%, 10%, 1%, 0.1%) on S. aureus, S. epidermidis that were cultivated from 2 to 6 days. Anti-bacterial potency was measured by the size of inhibition zone with change of volume(20${\mu}$l, 30${\mu}$l, 40${\mu}$l, 50${\mu}$l). Results : 1. Anti-bacterial potency of Jinpi-san on S. aureus was appeared in 100% and increased on 6 days. Anti-bacterial potency with change of volume was increased in propotion to increase volume. Anti-bacterial potency of Jinpi-san on S. aureus was appeared continuous. 2. Anti-bacterial potency of Jinpi-san on S. epidermidis was appeared in 100%, 10%, 1% on 2 days and in 100%, 10% on 6 days. In 100% Jinpi-san, Anti-bacterial potency of 6 days was increased, in 10%, Anti-bacterial potency of 2 days was increased, in 1%, Anti-bacterial potency of 6 days was disappear. Anti-bacterial potency with change of volume was increased in propotion to increase volume except for 20${\mu}$l of 6days and increased on 6 days, but bacteria was increased. Anti-bacterial potency of Jinpi-san on S. epidermidis wasn't appeared continuous. Conclusions : Anti-bacterial potency of Jinpi-san on cultivation of S. aureus was showed continuous, but on cultivation of S. epidermidis was not showed continuous.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.10 no.2 s.23
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• pp.19-23
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• 2007

Objectives : This experimental study was performed to investigate the continuous anti-bacterial potency of Sean-tang on cultivation of Staphylococcus species(S. aureus, S. epidermidis) that induce eye disease. Methods : Minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC) was measured by dropping to 50${\mu}$l diluted Sean-tang(100%, 10%,1%, 0.1%) on S. aureus, S. epidermidis that were cultivated from 2 to 6 days. 1. Anti-bacterial potency was measured by the size of inhibition zone with change of volume(20${\mu}$l, 30${\mu}$l, 40${\mu}$l, 50${\mu}$l). Results : 1. Anti-bacterial potency of Sean-tang on S. aureus was appeared in 100% and increased on 6 days. Anti-bacterial potency with change of volume was increased in propotion to increase volume. Anti-bacterial potency of Sean-tang on S. aureus was appeared continuous. 2. Anti-bacterial potency of S. epidermidis was appeared in 100%, 10%, 1% on 2 days and in100%, 10% on 6 days. In 100% Sean-tang, Anti-bacterial potency of 6 days was increased, in 10%, 1%, Anti-bacterial potency of 2 days was increased. Anti-bacterial potency with change of volume was increased inpropotion to increase volume and increased on 6 days, but bacteria was increased. Anti-bacterial potency Sean-tang on S. epidermidis wasn't appeared continuous. Conclusions : Anti-bacterial potency of Sean-tang on cultivation of S. aureus was showed continuous, but on cultivation of S. epidermidis was not showed continuous.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.10 no.2 s.23
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• pp.67-71
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• 2007

Objectives : This experimental study was performed to investigate the continuous anti-bacterial potency of Tangpo-san on cultivation of Staphylococcus species(S. aureus, S. epidermidis)that induce eye disease. Methods : Minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC) was measured by dropping to 50 ${\mu}$l diluted Tangpo-san(100%, 10%, 1%, 0.1%) on S. aureus, S. epidermidis that were cultivated from 2 to 6 days. Anti-bacterial potency was measured by the size of inhibition zone with change of volume(20 ${\mu}$l,30 ${\mu}$l,40 ${\mu}$l,50 ${\mu}$l). Results : 1. Anti-bacterial potency of Tanpo-san on S. aureus was not appeared all samples. Anti-bacterial potency with change of volume was increased in propotion to increase volume, and the Anti-bacterial potency of 2 days was equal to 6 days. Anti-bacterial potency of Tangpo-san on S. aureus was appeared continuous. 2. Anti-bacterial potency of Tangpo-san on S. epidermidis was appeared in 100%, 10% on 2 and 6 days, and the Anti-bacterial potency of 6 days was decreased. In 2 days, Anti-bacterial potency was appeared 40 and 50u1, in 6 days, Anti-bacterial potency was appeared all samples. Anti-bacterial potency with change of volume was increased in propotion to increase volume and increased on 6 days, but bacteria was increased. Anti-bacterial potency of Tangpo-san on S. epidermidis wasn't appeared continuous. Conclusions : Anti-bacterial potency of Tangpo-san on cultivation of S. aureus showed continuous, but on cultivation of S. epidermidis was not showed continuous.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.355-361
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• 2020

This study was designed to assess the toxicity of capsaicin-containing (CP) pharmacopunture using an in vitro chromosomal aberrations in Chinese hamster lung (CHL/IU) cells. In order to determine the high dose level in the main study of this study, a dose range finding study was conducted first. The high dose was selected at 10.0% of CP pharmacopuncture extract, and then diluted sequentially to produce lower dose levels of 5.00, 2.50, 1.25, 0.625 and 0.313% by applying a geometric ratio of 2. As a result, the cytotoxicity and precipitation of the CP pharmacopuncture as a test substance were not evident at any dose level during short-time treatment with and without metabolic activation and continuous treatment without metabolic activation. Therefore, the dose levels for this study were chosen as 10.0, 5.0, and 2.5%., and the treatment volume was 1.3 mL. In addition, negative and positive controls were set. In main study, the frequency of cells with chromosome aberrations in CP treated groups was less than 5% in short-time treatment with and without metabolic activation and continuous treatment without metabolic activation. In addition, there was no statistically significant difference when compared to the negative control group. The frequency of cells with structural chromosomal aberrations in the positive control group was more than 10% compared to the negative control group, and it increased statistically significantly. In conclusion, under the conditions of this study, CP pharmacopuncture did not show the possibility of causing chromosome aberrations.