• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 1984

General time-volume averaged conservation equations and jump conditions for two-phase flows are derived here. The time-averaged equations for a single phase region in two-phase flow are obtained from local instant balance equations by a technique often used for single phase turbulent flow equations. The results obtained by integrating the time averaged equations over a flow volume are spatially averaged twice; first, they are averaged over a single phase region of the k-th phase and then averaged over the total volume of the k-th phase, in a flow volume. The mass, momentum, and energy conservation equations are obtained from the general time-volume averaged equations. The advantages of the present model are explained by comparing it with Ishii's model (1) and Banerjee's model (2). Finally, the assumptions and approximate terms of the equations of the THERMIT-6S are clarified.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.13-19
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• 2016

This study is on the optimal rise depth of embossed panel for the ESS water tank. The thickness of panel is reduced at pressing operation, it could be calculated by volume conservation condition. The analysis of panel using STS304 material conducted by FEM. As a result of structural analysis, it was found that the optimal rise depth of arch embossed panel is recommended to be 70~90mm and the optimal rise depth of pyramid embossed panel is recommended to be 150~200mm. The proposed value of optimal rise depth could be a useful to the economic design of ESS water tank panel.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.70-78
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• 2012

The Annals of Joseon Dynasty, which recorded governmental affairs for 472 years (AD 1392-1863) during the Joseon dynasty is an representative paper cultural heritage in Korea. Being recognised their authenticity and values they were designated as the No 151 national treasure of Korea in 1973 and registered as 'The Memories of the World' by UNESCO in 1997. Unusually, some volumes of the Annals were treated by beeswax for the permanent preservation. However, the examinations on the deterioration of the beeswax-treated volumes had been exposed the serious damage than the untreated volumes. In particular, the larger amount of beeswax were worst in deterioration condition. In order to solve these problems, NRICH(National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage) of Korea launched the investigation study for the conservation of beeswax-treated volumes of the Annals. Now then, the five study areas have been set up; 1) to understand the damaged condition of the Annals; 2) to analyse the raw materials and production techniques; 3) to test the degradation degree using the duplication samples for understanding the aging factors and mechanism; 4) to develop the conservation techniques through dewaxing and thereafter strengthening the base paper of Hanji; 5) to develop the long-term storage technique using inert gases. On the basis of outcomes from this study, NRICH will plan to establish the systematic conservation and management plan for the beeswax-treated volumes of the Annals in future.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.608-613
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• 2003

In this paper, the effect of interconnected boundary between journal and thrust bearings on the performance of self-acting air-lubricated bearings is investigated. When journal and thrust bearings have common boundary, conventional boundary condition which assumes that the boundary pressure is equal to atmosphere is no more valid. Instead, new boundary condition by mass conservation at interconnected boundary is needed. To do this, a duct model satisfying mass conservation at interconnected boundary is developed. Using this model, pressure distribution at interconnected boundary is numerically analyzed with changing the volume of interconnecting part. As a result, it is shown that load capacity of thrust bearing can be greatly increased when journal and thrust have a common boundary.

• Proceedings of the Optical Society of Korea Conference
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• 2009.02a
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• pp.535-536
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• 2009

This paper presents a new approximation for the crystalline lens of the human eye with refracting surfaces based on schematic eye during accommodation. A new model eye describes the iso- indical profiles in the form of symmetric spherical surfaces. A vary important condition which was imposed upon the parameters (thickness, radius) was the lens volume conservation during accommodation.

• Proceedings of the Optical Society of Korea Conference
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• 2008.07a
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• pp.429-430
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• 2008

This paper presents a new approximation for the crystalline lens of the human eye with refracting surfaces based on Gullstrand-Emsley schematic eye during accommodation. A new model eye describes the isoindical profiles in the form of symmetric spherical surfaces. A vary important condition which was imposed upon the parameters (thickness, radius) was the lens volume conservation during accommodation.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.811-816
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• 2002

Waste heat exhausted from seven types of the domestic industry was surveyed, which include food, fibre, paper & wood, chemical, ceramics, metalworking and others. The databases of waste heat for each industry were made by using ACCESS software of Microsoft, and data were analyzed to get correlation between waste heat and purchase energy. The volume of usable waste heat is estimated to be 9,169,000 TOE in the year of 2000, when the minimum available temperature is set as $100^{\circ}C$ for waste gas, $30^{\circ}C$ for hot water and $100^{\circ}C$ for steam considering the condition of waste heat exhausting facilities and surroundings. This volume of waste heat is approximately 11.9 percent of the purchase energy of the domestic industry.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.105-133
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• 2001

World trade has been increasing continuously in total volume, on the other hand, environmental protection on sea and conservation of fishery resources has been rising up the major issue. All of the world are pushing their efforts two major purposes to the full, one is taking competitive place in marine transportation throughout the world and another Is environment protection. Pusan Port as world leading Port put its all effort in bring more ocean going vessels and securing their traffic route by providing them more information related marine traffics through PTMS in port. During two years of operation, statistics of marine traffic accidents showed that many dynamic casualties such as collisions, groundings, and rammings has been decreased. However, due to increasing cargo volume, limited water area and unpredictable weather condition, potential risks still exist high. In this paper, in order to maximize the efficiency of PTMS and reduce various risks in the future, we examine risk factors over operational results and experience, and propose reasonable operational methods of PTMS.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.22
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• pp.27-40
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• 2019

Minutes of cabinet meetings (hereafter referred to as "minutes") offer records on important activities of the government of the Republic of Korea. The National Archives of Korea has implemented a series of preservation for these minutes such as condition survey, deacidification, microfilming, digitization, making boxes, etc. Conservation treatment plans were further established in 2018 to pursue more preservation of over 2,000 volumes of minutes based on the result of the condition survey of the minutes. Among ninety-seven volumes that require conservation treatments, six volumes have been treated so far. A major concern of conservation treatment of minutes was found that a single volume of minutes contains 800 pages, leading to heavier and bulkier than most of other bound volumes. This paper presents the measures taken to solve the problems resulting from this bulky structure of the bound minutes. It is expected that the study will offer an opportunity to consider effective conservation methods for records on paper of which the physical shapes are yet to be determined.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.54-57
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• 2011

In this paper we present an algorithm about how to simulate two dimensional dam breaking with lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). LBM considers a typical volume element of fluid to be composed of a collection of particles that represented by a particle velocity distribution function for each fluid component at each grid point. We use the modified Lattice Boltzmann Method for incompressible fluid. This paper will represent detailed information on single phase flow which considers only the water instead of both air and water. Interface treatment and conservation of mass are the most important things in simulating free surface where the Interface is treated by mass exchange with the water region. We consider the surface tension on the interface and also bounce back boundary condition for the treatment of solid obstacles. We will compare the results of the simulation with some methods and experimental results.