• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.583-588
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• 2001

깻잎을 시중에서 구입할 경우 깻잎의 크기에 차이가 있는 것을 15-20매 정도 묶어 다발로 판매한다. 일부러 크기를 골라 구입하거나 먹는 것은 아니지만 엽령에 따라 그리고 저장기간과 저장온도에 따라 어떤 차이가 있는지를 검토하여 깻잎을 이용하는데 대한 보다 실질적인 정보를 제시하고자 하였으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 엽령에 따른 비타민 C의 함량은 엽령이 가장 많은 가장 아래쪽 1번 잎이 생물중량 100g당 약 67.3mg 함유되어 있었고 엽령이 어린 가장 위쪽의 6번 잎이 129.0mg 함유되어 있어 엽령이 어릴수록 비타민 C 함량이 많았다. 그러나 깻잎 한장에 대한 비율로 환산하였을 경우는 중간 잎인 4번 잎이 약 1.7mg으로 가장 많았으며 평균값은 1.5mg으로 조사되었다. 2. 엽령에 따른 무기질 함량 중 칼슘과 철분의 함량은 비타민 C와는 반대로 엽령이 많을수록 많이 함유되어 있어 칼슘의 경우 가장 아래쪽의 1번 잎이 생물중량 100g당 약 449.4mg 이었고 가장 위쪽의 6번 잎이 약 311.8mg이었다. 그러나 나트륨, 마그네슘은 엽령이 많을수록 함량이 낮았다. 칼륨의 함량은 엽령과는 별 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 깻잎 한 장에 대한 칼슘함량은 1번 잎의 8.4mg에서 6번 잎의 3.8mg으로 엽령이 많을수록 많이 함유되어 있었으며 평균값은 6.2mg으로 조사되었다. 3. 수확당일의 비타민 C 함량은 생물중량 100g당 93.47mg으로 조사되었으며 산화형으로 존재하는 비율이 환원형보다 월등히 높게 나타나 약 73%를 차지하였다. 저장기간과 저장온도에 따른 변화는 5$^{\circ}C$ 저장의 경우 저장 1일째의 잔존율은 약 93%이고, 저장기간이 길어질수록 비타민 C의 함량이 완만하게 감소하여 저장 10일째는 77%정도의 잔존율을 나타내었다. 2$0^{\circ}C$ 저장의 경우도 저장기간에 따라 감소하는 경향이 같지만 저온저장보다 감소율이 커 저장 1일째는 약 86%의 잔존율을 보이다가 저장 10일째는 약 73%로 감소하였다. 4. 칼슘의 경우 5$^{\circ}C$ 저장에서는 생물중량 100g당 348.93~408.81mg, 2$0^{\circ}C$ 저장에서는 360.26~392.25mg 정도 함유되어 있어 10일 정도의 저장기간이나 저장온도에는 그다지 영향이 없었고 다른 무기성분의 경우도 같은 경향이었다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.87-91
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• 1999

In an attempt to test experimental condition of preparing grape powder, grapes having less commercial value was used and tried. With drying method, spray and freeze drying were satisfactory to produce power. Moisture content and odor retention were better by the latter method. Three grape strains stored for 40 days contained more odors than those stored for 5 days. Maltose 90% plus dextrin 10% was suitable for drying support. To increase odror sense, citric acid and vitamin C can be added up to 0.1 and 0.2%, respectively. Considering these conditions, grape complex powder prapared from grape powder 20% comprising drying support, glucose 79.7%, citric acid 0.1%, vitamin C 0.2% with freeze drying was the best by overall evaluation including sensory test. When campbell and neomuscut were mixed by 15:5 or 10:10, sensory evaluation was also ameliorated.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.419-431
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate nutrient intake and food behavior according to the nutrition knowledge of middle school students residing in Seoul and Kyunggi-do, Korea. Anthropometric measurements and questionnaires, including 24-hr recall of dietary intake, were collected from 543 male and female middle school students. They were assigned to one of five groups according to their nutrition knowledge : very high group (VHG ; 90 - 100 score), high group (HG ; 80 - 90 score), normal group (NG ; 70 - 80 score), low group (LG ; 60 - 70 score) and very low group (VLG ; < 60 score), and comparisons were made. The mean age of the subjects was 13.7 years old. The mean height, weight, and BMI of male and female students were 161.9 cm, 52.6 kg and 20.2 kg/$m^2$, 157.0 cm, 50.4 kg, and 20.4 kg/$m^2$ respectively. Female students skip breakfast and dinner more frequently than male students do. Male students skipp lunch and eat fast foods more frequently than females do. Protein, calcium, vitamin B$_1$, vitamin B$_2$, niacin, vitamin C, fat, and animal protein intakes in females are shown to be related to their nutrition knowledge. Calcium, protein, animal protein, vitamin B$_2$and niacin intakes are significantly lower in the VLG than in the others. However, vitamin B$_1$and vitamin C intakes are significantly lower both in VHG and VLG. Fat intake in VHG is lowest. Nutrition knowledge of male students is correlated with mothers knowledge, nutrition attitude and nutritional status. On the other hand, in female students, nutrient consumption was lowest in subjects whose nutrition knowledge was highest and lowest. Therefore, nutrient consumption is affected by nutrition knowledge. However, in female students, possibly due to wrong information on diet or prejudice and outlook, nutrient consumption was low even when they scored high in nutrition knowledge. In conclusion, nutrition knowledge of male students is affected by the mothers nutritional knowledge and attitude. Therefore, nutrition education for mothers is very important. In male students, as their nutrition knowledge is low, their nutrient consumption is affect. These results indicate nutrition education and correct information for body image, balanced diet, regularity of meals and food selection for middle school students are required at both school and home.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.1-4
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• 1960

The test group and control group, which were grouped with the same weight of five frogs (Rana nigromaculata) respectively, were adapted to light for two hours. Then the anterior lymph heart of the test group were injected with 0.5 cc of 0.1% acetyl choline and 0.5cc of Vitamin B12 (50mc gm/cc). After the frogs of this group were dark-adapted for 90 minutes, their heads were cut off under the dim red light and then their retina removed from eye-balls were extracted with 2% digitonin solution for 20 hours at $0^{\circ}C$. The results of the comparison of these two groups whose optical densities were measured before and after the illumination areas follows : (1) The group which had been injected with 0.5cc of 0.1% acetyl choline solution had the protomotive action on the regeneration of rhodopsin in comparison with the control group. (2) The group which had been injected with 25 mc gm of Vitamin B12 and 0.5cc of 0.1% acetyl choline solution had the controlling action on the regeneration of rhodopsin in comparison with the control group.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.238-244
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• 2001

본 연구에서는 가열온도에 따른 영귤 과즙의 성분 변화를 조사하여 영귤 가공의 기초 자료로 사용하고자 총산도, $^{\circ}Brix$, pH, 유기산, 유리 아미노산, 비타민 C, 나린진, 헤스페리딘, 네오헤스페리딘 함량, 향기 성분을 분석하였다. 영귤 과즙에는 유기산이 oxalic, citric, malic acid가 존재하였으며, citric acid가 92.8-94.1%로서 대부분을 차지하였고, 그외 malic acid와 oxalic acid 순으로 소량 함유되어 있는 것으로 나타났다. 가열온도가 $40^{\circ}C$에서 $90^{\circ}C$로 증가할수록 총 유기산의 함량은 약간 감소하는 경향을 보여, 가열 전에 비하여 $90^{\circ}C$로 가열 후 약 0.3%가 감소하였다. 영귤 과즙에 존재하는 유리 아미노산은 alanine, threonine, proline, aspargine과 aspartic acid, serine, tyrosine, tryptophane이 주요 유리 아미노산이었다. Arginine, valine, glycine, isoluecine, leucine, histidine등은 소량 존재하였다. 가열함에 따라 유리 아미노산 총량과 개개의 유리 아미노산 함량은 감소하였다. 영귤 과즙에는 비타민 C가 21.3mg% 존재하였으나, 가열함에 따라 점차 감소하여 $90^{\circ}C$에서는 17.3mg%가 존재하였다. 영귤 과즙에 존재하는 나린진, 헤스페리딘, 네오헤스페리딘 함량은 304mg%였으며, 가열함에 따라 297.0mg%로 약간 감소하였다. 영귤 과즙 향기 성분 중 limonene이 가장 많고, ${\gamma}-terpinene,\;{\alpha}-phellandrene$, myrcene, ${\alpha}-pinene$ 등이 주요 향기 구성 성분으로 나타났다. ${\alpha}-Thujene$는 가열하기 전 과즙에는 존재하였으나, $50^{\circ}C$ 이상 가열한 과즙에는 존재하지 않았다. 반면, ${\alpha}-terpinolene$, terpinene-1-ol, ${\beta}-terpineol$, $cis-{\beta}-terpineol$, ${\alpha}-muurolene$, bicyclo(3.2.0)hept-6-ene, mentha-1.4.8-triene 등은 가열하지 않은 원액과 $70^{\circ}C$까지 존재하지 않았으나, $90^{\circ}C$ 가열시에 새로 생성되었다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.892-904
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• 2005

This study was carried out to assess the food habit index of the long-lived elderly who were aged over 85 years living in Ganghwa-gun. A survey was conducted during December 2003. Dietary nutrient intake data was obtained through the 24-hr recall method. The subjects were 96 (32 males, 64 females) aged people and divided into three groups based on food habit index scores. Such as group A: good $16\∼20$, group B: fair $11\∼15$, and group C: poor $5\∼10$. The three groups of the subjects were 90.7 years of age and $21.3\;kg/m^{2}$ of BMI on average. Healthy eating index scores of the subjects were $9.4\%$ in group A, $54.2\%$ in group B and $36.5\%$ in group C. Their level of education were lower and their levels of living standards tended to have been middle and lower of the middle class. The percentage of living together with their families or spouses in all groups were over $60.0\%$ and the rates of the subjects who have responsibility for their meal preparations were also very high in all groups. Most subjects tended not to drink nor smoke, and spend $8\~10$ hours for their sleep. The percent of number of diseases in group A was lower than in groups B and C. Their dietary habits such as taking three meals a day regularly have shown that they have good eating habit in general. There was a positive correlation between the eating behaviors and nutrient intakes. The protein, animal protein, fat, PUFA, vitamin E, vitamin $B_{2}$, niacin, P and K intaks in group A were significantly higher than that of the groups B and C. For group A of good food habits aged had no sufficient intake of Ca and vitamin A than the Korean RDA and long-lived elderly of group C in Ganghwa areas had worse nutrients intakes, especially Ca, vitamin A, vitamin $B_{2}$ and vitamin E. According to this research having a good eating habits could be considered as increasing of the health and nutritional status. (Korean J Community Nutrition 10(6) $892\∼904$, 2005)

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권12호
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• pp.1674-1680
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• 2011

This study was conducted to examine the effects of glucose, chromium picolinate (CrP), and vitamin C (Vit C) on lipid metabolism in Korean native steers fitted with indwelling catheters. A total of 12 Korean native steers were randomly allocated to the following treatments: 1) normal control diet, 2) same as 1) +250 g of glucose by intravenous (IV) infusion, 3) same as 2)+13.5 g CrP administered orally, and 4) same as 3)+2.52 g Vit C by IV infusion. Glucose, Vit C, and CrP treatments were administered for five days. At days 1 and 3, serum insulin was higher in treated animals than in those fed the control diet (p<0.05). Serum non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentration in the steers on treatment 2), control+13.5 g CrP, was lower than those on other treatments at 90 min post-infusion on days 1 and 3 (p<0.05). The expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-${\gamma}$ (PPAR${\gamma}$)2, stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and glucose transporter type 4 (Glut 4) in the longissimus muscle of steers on treatment 2 was higher than those on other treatments. In conclusion, the results suggest that CrP is associated with the regulation of gene expression involved in adipogenesis.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.223-228
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• 1999

제주산 궁천조생 온주밀감의 저장효과를 검토하기 위하여 저장 중 각각 $3^{circ}C$, 90%와 85% 상대습도에서 저온저장하였으며, 습도 조절이 안된 상온저장과 비교하였다. 중량감소는 저장 98일까지 각각 90% 습도에서는 3.40%, 85% 습도에서는 6.92%, 상온저장에서는 11.87%로서 습도가 높을수록 중량감소는 적었다. 그러나 90% 습도에서 저장한 감귤은 저장 98일 이후 부패율이 3.87%에서 급격히 증가하여 126일에 48.75%에 이르렀다. 과육율과 가용성고형물은 저장기간 중 큰 변화를 보이지 않았다. 경도는 저장 중 계속하여 감소하였고, 특히 상온저장에서 감소가 심하였다. 산 함량과 비타민 C 변화는 호흡작용에 의해 저장기간이 경과함에 따라 계속하여 감소하였다. 상온저장에서는 저온저장에 비해 착색이 계속 진행됨을 알 수 있었다. 관능평가와 내용성분을 기준한다면 품질 유지를 위해서는 $3^{circ}C$, 85% 상대습도에서 수확후 100일 정도가 조생온주 밀감의 최적 저장기간으로 판단되었다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제67권1호
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• pp.42-49
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• 1984

Elderberry는 고대인(古代人)에게 약용식물(藥用植物)로 알려졌으며 Europe에서는 옛부터 설사약(지사제(止瀉劑))으로 쓰여 왔다. 꽃은 휘발성 정유(精油)를 함유(含有)하고 있어서 제모(製慕), 향료(香料) 및 로숀 같은 화장품 등에 쓰이는데 주(主)로 꽃을 물로서 증류(蒸溜)해서 사용(使用)하며, 잎은 지방(脂肪)을 green colour로 착색(着色)하는데 사용(使用)되고, 잎과 수피(樹皮)는 곤충(昆虫)이 싫어하는 기피성 물질이 들어 있어서 내충성(耐虫性) 식물(植物)이 된다. 과실(果實)은 향기(香氣)와 천연식용색소(天然食用色素)로서 주요시(主要視)되어 상대적(商業的)으로는 주(主)로 jam, jelly, pies, juice, wine을 만드는데 쓰여진다. 영양가(營養價)는 1941년(年) Andross가 vitamin-c의 함유량(含有量)이 25~30mg/100g 이라고 보고 했으나 그 외(外)의 vitamin이나 각종(各種) mineral 및 영양가(營養價)는 지금까지 보고(報告)된 바 없다. 본(本) 연구(硏究)에서는 각종영양가(各種營養價)와 minerals, vitamins, 그리고 식용천연색소(食用天然色素)의 파장(波長)을 측정(測定)하여 다음과 같은 결과(結果)를 얻었다. 1) 신선(新鮮) Elderberry 과즙(果汁)은 mineral이 11종(種)이 함유(含有)되어 있는 바 Ca : 0.012%, Mg : 0.023%, K : 0.10%, Na : 0.0019%, Fe : 0.0009%, Co : 0.0002%, Zn : 0.0004%, Cu : 0.0001%, P : 0.036%, Mn : 0.0006%, I : $1{\mu}g/g$ 등이 고루 함유(含有)되어 있다. 2) vitamin류(類)는 5종(種)이 함유(含有)되어 있는데, vitamin-$B_1$ : $1{\mu}g/g$, vitamin-$B_2$ : $0.5{\mu}g/g$, vitamin-C : 0.3mg/g, niacin : $14{\mu}g/g$, choline chloride : 0.3 mg/g 으로 되어 있다. 3) 과즙내(果汁內)에는 주요(主要) 영양가(營養價)로서 조단백(粗蛋白) : 1.10%, fat : 026%, carbohydrate : 6.9%, pectin : 0.76%, tannin : 0.89%, ash : 0.80%, water : 90.9% 인데 100g 당 34.3 cal을 보였다. 4) 신선(新鮮)한 과즙(果汁)의 적자색(赤紫色)인 천연색소(天然色素)는 최고파장(最高波長) $523{\sim}530m{\mu}$을 보였다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.39-48
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• 1978

The present study is concerned with nutritional status and palatability of the packed-lunch in elementary school children in Daejeon city. Rice and side dishes in the lunch box were weighed and the contained nutrients were analyzed by the Food Composition Table. The result of survey is as follows; 1) The means of nutritional values of 523 lunch boxes were calorie 562.48 Cal. percentage of the recommended dietary allowances.(79.11%), protein 19.16gr. (88.43%), animal protein 6.03gr. (83.50%), calcium 110.75mg (48.15%), iron 2.20mg. (56.15%), Vitamin A 328.16 I.U.. (49.22%), Vitamin $B_1$ 0.22mg. (59.45%), Vitamin $B_2$ 0.14mg (32.56%), Niacin 3.20mg. (68.08%), Vitamin C 9.79mg. (73.44%). All the nutrients are under the recommended dietary allowances. 2) The correlation between the boys and girls in the intake of protein, calcium, iron, Vitamin A, Vitamin $B_1$, Niacin index revealed statistical significancy at the level of P<0.01. 3) According to the intake of calorie, the ratio of carbohydrates, protein and fat is 78 : 14 : 8, which is excessive meal of carbohydrate. 4) Among the total intake of the protein consists of 30.20% for the boys and 32.90% for the girls. 5) The most favorite food for boys and girls from the packed-lunch is kimchi, egg, ham, sausage, cuttle-fish, laver and beef, and pork and pickles are most undesirable items. 6) The most favorite snack is bread, cake, ice cream, chocolate, fruits and milk. 7) Both boys and girls like Kimchi, fried and saute foods but dislike Namul (seasoned green vegetables) the most. 8. The side dishes of the packed·lunch lack in variety of cooking method.