• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.10-20
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• 1999

This study aimed at investigating correlation of nutrients intake and serum lipids of industrial workers. 226 for adult aged 20yr~59yr (average age 35.9yr) were selected as subjects during 6 months, from June to December, 1997. Nutrients intake was investigated by questionnaire, 24-hour recall method. Antropometric assessments, serum lipids and blood pressure of the subjects were investigated. The results as follows ; In total subjects, calories, calcium, vitamin A, vitamin $B_1$, and vitamin $B_2$ were below Korean RDA(recommended dietary allowances) and protein, iron, vitamin C, niacin and phosphorus were above Korean RDA. Distribution of BMI groups were underweight groups(7.9%), normalweight groups(63.3%) and overweight groups(28.8%). In BMI groups, intakes of calories, carbohydrates, protein, fats, iron, niacin and potassium of overweight groups were higher than those of other groups, significantly(P<0.001). Intakes of calcium of underweight groups were lower than those of other groups, significantly(P<0.05). BMI increased with age. Total cholesterol, triglyceride, apo(b) and atherogenic index of overweight groups were higher than those of other groups, significantly(P<0.001). Calories, carbohydrates, protein, fats, iron, vitamin $B_1$, vitamin $B_2$, niacin, natrium and potassium were positively correlated with BMI, significantly(P<0.001). Calcium and vitamin C were positively correlated with BMI, significantly(P<0.01). vitamin A and phosphorus were positively correlated with BMI, significantly(P<0.05). Total lipid, total-chol., triglyceride, apo(b) and atherogenic index were positively correlated with BMI, significantly(P<0.001). HDL-chol. were negatively correlated with BMI, significantly(P<0.001). Above results, the more BMI and age increased, the worse patterns of serum lipid, so that increased atherogenic index that increased risk of atherosclerosis and degenerative chronic disease connected with serum lipid. After classified by BMI, age and lipid pattern, it will be managed individually for health management of industrial workers. Development and application of efficient program will be urgent for harmonious nutrition counseling and guidance.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.427-433
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• 1990

식이내 상이한 수준의 펙틴이 비타민 B$_{12}$의 흡수에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 무섬유식이를 섭취해온 흰쥐를 비타민 B$_{12}$흡수 정도를 측정하려는 전날, 무섬유, 2% 펙틴, 5% 펙틴, 그리고 10% 펙틴 식이군으로 나누었다. 다음날, 동물이 각기 배정된 식이를 섭취하는 동안, 57-Co-비타민 B$_{12}$를 구강으로 섭취시켜 그 흡수 정도를 측정하였다. 무섬유 식이와 비교하여 볼 때, 5%와 10% 펙틴 식이는 비타민 B$_{12}$의 흡수를 유의적으로 감소시켰다. 펙틴의 섭취량은 비타민 B$_{12}$의 흡수와 역상관 관계를 나타내었다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.58-73
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• 2006

This research has done for 262 people of the aged men and women that are more than 65 years old who are live in 9 areas of Yecheon as target; through twice off ace to face interview for 24 hours recall method, the result of food intake for 2 days is as following. In case of energy, the aged men (women) of sixties ingested 67.7 $(72.0)\%$ of Korean RDA by 1,369 (1264) kcal, for the ages of seventies and eighties, 68.9 $(66.9)\%$ of Korean RDA and 76.3 $(65.8)\%$ by each 1,309 (1104) kcal and 1,368 (1052) kcal. The aged men ingested protein $46.0\~49.6 g$ ($70.6\~82.9\%$ of RDA), and aged women ingested protein $32.7\~40.2 g$ ($59.4\~73.0\%$ of RDA). Calcium intake of aged men was 388.8 mg, 319.8 mg, 284.4 mg by age range, and aged women was 291.9 mg ($41.6\%$ of RDA), 246.5 mg ($35.3\%$ of RDA), 240.1 mg ($34.3\%$ of RDA). Iron intake of aged men was $8.6\~8.9 mg$ ($72\~74%$ of RDA), and aged women ingested 8.6 mg ($71.3\%$ of RDA), 7.5 mg (62.6 of RDA$\%$), 6.6 mg ($55.4\%$ of RDA) for iron by age range. Vitamin $B_1$ intake of aged men was $0.62\~0.71 mg$ ($62\~71\%$ of RDA), and aged women's intake was $0.50\~0.60 mg$ ($50\~60\%$ of RDA). Vitamin $B_2$ intake of aged men was $0.59\~0.60 mg$ ($49\%$ of RDA), and aged women's intake was $0.45\~0.50 mg$ ($37\~42\%$ of RDA). Vitamin C intake by age range, in case of aged men (women) in sixties was 53.1 (48.9) mg, in seventies was 49.9 (33.2) mg and more than eighties was 34.1 (33.4) mg. The average food intake by age range, in aged men (women) of sixties was 828.9 (670.8) g and seventies was 726.8 (568.8) g and more than eighties was 656.0 (525.3) g. Plant food intake of aged men was 490.8-569.5 g and aged women was 417.9-537.7 g. Aged men (women) of MAR by age range, sixties was 0.60 (0.58), seventies was 0.59 (0.50) and more than eighties was 0.56 (0.49), respectively. INQ for protein, phosphorus, iron, vitamin A, vitamin B, niacin, vitamin C was more than 1 in 60's and 70's aged men, but there was no nutrients in eighties of aged women. Aged men and women's KDDS points represent average 3.14 and 3.04 (out of 5 points), and while intake of the milk was the most lacking, but intake of the fruit was the most lacking in DDS.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.509-518
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• 2011

This study was intended to investigate dietary behavior, health related behavior and the effects of nutrient intake of female college students. Dietary behavior, health related behavior and the perception of the body conditions were surveyed with anonymous questionnaires, and 24hrs recall method for nutrient intake was obtained from 161 female college students in Chungbuk area. The mean height and weight of the subjects were $161.4{\pm}5.0$cm and $53.8{\pm}7.4 $kg, respectively. The dietary behavior of female college students was generally inadequate. More specifically, irregularity of meals, indifference of dietary balance, and skipping breakfast, showing $4.77{\pm}2.20$for dietary behavior score, $11.76{\pm}3.89$ for DVS and $3.58{\pm}0.82$ for DDS, respectively. It was found that almost 63% of subjects did not anything for health care and the frequency of exercise of subjects was low. The perception of body conditions of the subjects seemed to be generally positive. However, satisfaction levels on body shape was very negative showing that only 12.4% of subjects answered as 'very satisfied' and 'satisfied'. When nutrient intake of the female college students was compared with Dietary Reference Intake for Korean, folate(45%), potassium(55%), vitamin C(59%), Ca(72%), fiber(72%), Fe(79%) and energy(80%) were found to be insufficient. But protein(138%), P(122%) and Na(179%) were found to be oversupplied. The nutrient intake of fiber, plant Ca, vitamin A, ${\beta}$-carotene, vitamin B6, vitamin C, folate and vitamin E were significantly higher, and those of Fe, Zn and protein were a little high in the high score group of dietary behavior. Also Food group intake, DDS and DVS were higher in the high score group of dietary behavior.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.127-139
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• 2012

본 연구는 비만연구소 복부비만관리 프로그램에 참여한 복부비만율 0.80 이상인 복부비만 여성 195명을 대상으로 12주간 실시하였으며, 프로그램 종료 후 복부비만 감소 여부에 따라 복부비만율 감소군과 복부비만율 증가군으로 나누어 신체계측치의 변화, 식이섭취의 변화, 혈관나이, 스트레스 지수 및 건강지수의 변화를 비교 하였다. 영양소의 섭취량을 살펴본 결과, 체중, 허리둘레, 엉덩이둘레가 유의적으로 감소한 복부비만율 감소군에서 식물성 단백질, 칼륨, 비타민 A, 엽산, 식이섬유, 칼슘, 인, 비타민 $B_2$, 비타민 $B_6$, 비타민 C, 식물성지방, 철분, 나트륨, 나이아신, 비타민 E 및 다가불포화지방산의 영양밀도가 유의적으로 증가하였고, 단백질, 칼슘, 인, 비타민 A, 비타민 $B_1$, 비타민 $B_2$ 그리고 비타민 C의 INQ가 유의적으로 증가하였다. 특히 식이섬유, 칼슘, 인, 아연, 비타민 $B_6$, 비타민 C 그리고 비타민 E의 변화율은 복부비만율 감소군에서 더 컸으며, 두 그룹간의 유의적인 차이를 보였다. 식품섭취 다양성의 변화를 살펴보기 위해 식품군별 섭취 가짓수를 비교해 본 결과, 복부비만율 감소군에서 어패류, 두류, 견과류, 채소류 그리고 버섯류 가짓수가 유의적으로 증가한 것으로 나타났다. 복부비만율 감소군에서는 스트레스 지수와 건강지수가 유의적으로 개선된 반면 복부비만율 증가군에서는 건강지수가 감소하였다. 본 연구에서는 복부비만율 변화와 영양밀도, 혈관나이, 스트레스 지수 및 건강지수 변화간의 상관성을 알아보았다. 그 결과, 복부비만율 감소의 변화율이 높을수록 식물성 단백질, 식물성 지질, 섬유질, 칼슘, 철분, 칼륨, 아연, 비타민 A, 비타민 $B_2$, 비타민 $B_6$, 비타민 C 그리고 엽산의 섭취량이 유의적으로 감소하였고, 복부비만율 증가의 변화율이 높을수록 동물성 단백질과 총 지질의 섭취량이 유의적으로 증가하였다. 스트레스 지수와 건강지수와의 관련성에서는 복부비만율 감소율이 높을수록 스트레스 지수가 유의적으로 감소하는 양의 상관관계를 보인 반면, 건강지수는 증가하는 음의 상관관계를 보였다. 이상을 통해 볼 때, 영양교육과 식습관 및 생활습관 개선 교육으로 구성된 복부비만관리 프로그램은 식이섭취에 긍정적인 영향을 미칠 뿐만 아니라 스트레스도 완화시켜 복부비만율 개선에 도움이 되므로, 후속 연구에서는 이러한 교육을 장기프로그램에 적용시킨 뒤 이러한 복부비만율 개선이 지속적으로 유지되는 지를 살펴보는 것이 필요하다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.534-540
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• 2006

Recent studies have shown that environmental, biochemical, nutritional or genetic factors affect bone mineral density (BMD). The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of vitamin D receptor (VDR) gentotype and nutritional status on BMD of elderly women living in a rural area. Three hundred thirty five elderly women over 65 years in Asan participated the study. Data for demographic and nutrient intakes were obtained by survey with a two day 24 hr recall method. BMD was measured by broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) using quantitative ultrasound (QUS). VDR genotypes of the subjects analyzed with Bsm I restriction enzyme were bb (92%), Bb (7%) and BB (1%). No differences were found between genotypes bb and Bb/BB in age, menopausal age, body mass index and body fat. BUA of bb genotype was higher (62.5 $\pm$ 15.6 dB/MHz) than Bb/BB genotype (56.1 $\pm$ 17.6 dB/MHz) by Student's t-tests. Correlation analyses showed strong negative correlation of BMD and age, but positive correlation with BMI, energy and calcium intake. When subgroup analyses were conducted after stratification by the median calcium intake level (412.9 mg/d), the above median calcium intake group showed significant difference in BUA by VDR genotype while the lower median calcium intake group did not show significant difference. The current study confirmed interaction of calcium intake and VDR genotype in association with BMD. Further nutritional intervention will be needed to improve calcium status of the elderly women living in rural areas.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제44권12호
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• pp.1856-1864
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• 2015

본 연구는 춘천지역 대학생 306명(남 175명, 여 131명)을 대상으로 성별에 따른 영양소 섭취 상태를 알아보았으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 평균 나이는 남학생이 $21.1{\pm}2.9$세, 여학생이 $20.3{\pm}2.2$세였고(P<0.05), 평균 신장과 체중은 남녀 각각 $175.2{\pm}6.2cm$와 $68.2{\pm}9.9kg$, $161.7{\pm}5.2cm$와 $55.1{\pm}6.5kg$으로 나타났으며(P<0.001), 평균 BMI는 남녀 각각 $22.2{\pm}2.8$과 $21.1{\pm}2.1$로 나타났다(P<0.001). 끼니별 결식률은 남녀 모두 아침결식률(31.7%, 29.2%)이 가장 높게 나타났다. 성별에 따른 영양소 섭취 상태를 알아본 결과, 1일 평균 에너지, 탄수화물, 단백질, 지방은 남학생이 여학생보다 유의적으로 높게 섭취하였다(P<0.001). 또한 비타민 A와 C를 제외한 비타민 $B_1$(P<0.001), 비타민 $B_2$(P<0.01), 나이아신(P<0.001), 비타민 $B_6$(P<0.001), 비타민 E(P<0.001), 엽산(P<0.01), 칼슘(P<0.05), 인(P<0.001), 철분(P<0.001), 아연(P<0.001), 나트륨(P<0.001), 콜레스테롤(P<0.001)도 남학생이 유의적으로 높게 섭취하였다. 주중과 주말의 영양소 섭취 상태는 남학생이 1일 평균 에너지(P<0.01), 탄수화물(P<0.01), 단백질(P<0.05), 지방(P<0.01), 비타민 $B_1$(P<0.01), 나이아신(P<0.01), 비타민 $B_6$(P<0.01), 비타민 E(P<0.01), 철분(P<0.05), 아연(P<0.01), 나트륨(P<0.05)을, 여학생은 지방(P<0.05), 비타민 E(P<0.05), 칼슘(P<0.01), 철분(P<0.01)을 주말에 비해 주중에 유의적으로 높게 섭취하였다. 에너지 섭취량에 대한 탄수화물, 단백질, 지방의 섭취비율은 남학생이 57.8:15.3:26.8, 여학생이 58.5:15.1:26.2로 나타나면서 서로 유사한 결과를 보였다. 성별에 따른 한국인 영양섭취기준에 대한 섭취비율을 보면 권장섭취량과 충분섭취량 이상 섭취한 영양소는 남학생의 경우 단백질, 비타민 $B_1$, 인, 철분, 나트륨이었으며, 여학생은 단백질, 비타민 A, 인, 나트륨으로 나타났다. 남학생의 에너지 필요추정량에 대한 섭취비율은 69%, 여학생은 70%였으며, 남학생은 비타민 $B_2$, 비타민 C, 칼슘을, 여학생은 비타민 C, 철분, 칼슘을 권장섭취량의 80% 이하로 섭취하고 있었다. 주중과 주말의 영양섭취기준에 대한 섭취비율을 살펴보면 남학생은 비타민 $B_6$와 아연을, 여학생은 칼슘과 철분을 주중에 비해 주말에 상대적으로 부족하게 섭취하였다(P<0.01). 성별에 따른 EAR 미만 섭취자 비율은 남학생이 칼슘(81.7%), 비타민 $B_1$(69.4%), 비타민 C(64.9%), 비타민 $B_6$(53.7%)를, 여학생은 칼슘(75.4%), 비타민 C(64.6 %), 철분(60.8%), 비타민 $B_6$(58.5%), 비타민 $B_2$(55.8%), 나이아신(53.5%), 엽산(51.9%)이 50%를 넘어 영양소의 섭취량이 매우 낮음을 알 수 있었다. 이상의 연구 결과에서 대학생들의 높은 아침결식률, 남학생이 여학생에 비해 높은 영양 섭취를 보이고 있었으나 전반적으로 대학생들의 에너지 섭취 수준은 낮았으며 특정 영양소, 특히 칼슘, 비타민 C, 철분, 비타민 $B_2$ 등의 영양 섭취 상태가 나쁜 것으로 나타났다. 또한 아침결식률과 영양 섭취 상태는 주중보다는 주말에 문제가 있는 것으로 나타나 불규칙한 생활 패턴에 따른 식습관 개선이 시급한 상황이다. 따라서 규칙적인 식생활 및 균형 잡힌 식습관 등에 대한 정확한 이해와 함께 식태도가 긍정적인 방향으로 변화되어 대학생들이 건강과 영양 상태 향상에 도움이 되는 행동을 자발적으로 습득할 수 있도록 영양교육의 필요성이 절실히 요구되는 바이다. 한편 본 연구는 표본의 대상이 춘천지역 일부 대학생이기에 연구 결과를 일반화시키는 데 어려움이 있다. 또한 영양소 섭취 상태의 분석 자료로 사용된 24시간 회상법은 자기기입방법으로 정확한 섭취량을 측정하기 어려운 점이 있어 본 연구의 영양소 섭취 상태와 국민건강영양조사 결과에 차이를 보인 것으로 생각된다. 그러나 본 연구는 개인의 영양 상태 평가가 아닌 집단 간의 비교이고, 개인별 일일 식품 섭취의 편차를 최소화하기 위해 주중과 주말이 포함된 4일 간의 조사를 실시하였기에 다른 지역 및 연령대와의 비교나 특성 연구 시 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.200-217
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess energy and nutritional intake and investigate the preference for food and cooking methods of the residents in elderly care facilities. Methods: Data were collected from 72 residents (10 males and 62 females) aged ${\geq}70$ years in elderly care facilities using questionnaires, food photographs for estimating dietary intake and records for daily physical activity. Results: Average age of the study participants was 85.0 years and 41, 36 and 8 had dementia, hypertension and diabetes mellitus, respectively. 15%, 65% and 19% of subjects were physically mobile, enervated, and immobile, respectively. Daily energy intake was 1360.2 kcal in men and 1378.0 kcal in women, which were 68.0% and 86.1% of the estimated energy requirement (EER) of dietary reference intake for Koreans (KDRI) for ${\geq}75$ year old individuals, respectively. Estimated energy expenditure (EEE) of subjects calculated using formula from KDRI was 1361.9 kcal and EER calculated using estimated daily physical activity (EDPA) was 1232.9 kcal. Energy intake and EEE from KDRI were higher than EER from EDPA. Dietary intake of dietary fiber, calcium, potassium, zinc, vitamin $B_2$, niacin, vitamin C were lower, and protein, phosphorous, iron, sodium, vitamin A, vitamin $B_1$, vitamin $B_6$, vitamin E were higher than the corresponding ones of KDRI. Subjects liked meats, fishes and shellfish, and fruits, while subjects disliked milk, seaweeds and salted fish and salted vegetables. Cooked rice, soybean paste soup, beef, cooked sliced radish strip, and yogurt were favorite foods, with steam being a favorite cooking method. Subjects considered nutrition as the most important factor for improving food service quality. Conclusions: Results of this study could be utilized for improving food-service for the residents in elderly care facilities, and provide a basis for setting reference intake of energy and nutrients of the elderly having very low activity levels.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.107-117
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• 2003

This study was carried out to investigate the nutrients intakes, blood pressure, and correlations between these two factors in Korean rural adults(60 men, 60 women). Nutrients intakes were measured by analyzing with CAN Pro after weighing the each diets of the subjects had for 24 hours. We measured body mass index(BMI), waist to hip ratio(WHR), and fat content in the body besides blood pressure, and considered their relationship with blood pressure. This examination includes collections and analysis of serum and urine, and considers the correlations between blood pressure and serum or urinary factors. These results were as follows ; 1) The mean ages of men and women were 50.$\pm$12.6 and 46.0$\pm$12.5, respectively. The percentage of hypertensive was higher in men(43%) than in women(37%). 2) The values of WHR, body water and lean body mass were higher in men and the value of body fat was higher in women. Weight, BMI, waist or hip circumferences, and WHR were correlated with blood pressure in these subjects. 3) Though the levels of serum triglyceride, sodium, potassium and iron levels were higher in men and urinary Na was higher in women, these factors didn't showed any significant correlations with blood pressure in both sexes. 4) The values of calcium and vitamin B$_2$ intake in men and women, and of iron intake in women didn't meet the Korean recommended allowances(RDA). Animal protein and Na intakes were negatively correlated with blood pressure. These results showed that the levels of calcium and vitamin B$_2$ intake in both sexes and iron intake in women were lower than those of RDA, and weight, BMI, waist or hip circumferences and WHR were significantly correlated with blood pressure. Therefore we suggest that the farmers of this research need to increase intake of nutrients like calcium and vitamin B$_2$ and control the weight.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.922-933
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of nutrition education using Food Exchange System on elementary students' nutrition knowledge, dietary attitude and nutrients intake. Nutrition education lessons (40 min /lesson, 4 times), '5 major nutrients and functions', '6 food groups and sources of 6 food groups', 'good choice of snacks and eating out' as class lesson, 'daily needed energy and food exchange units' as individual lesson, were provided to 70 elementary students (4th grade 33 students, 5th grade 37 students) in Jeonbuk Province. We assessed the changes in nutrition knowledge, dietary attitude, food habit using a questionnaire and nutrient intake using 24 hr recall method by nutrition education. In nutrition knowledge, there were significant increases in scores of 'functions of carbohydrate', 'functions of protein', 'functions of lipid', 'foods of carbohydrate', and 'foods of lipid'. In dietary attitude, there were significant increases in scores of 'taking a meal with joy', 'taking a meal at ease', 'taking a meal with sufficient protein intake' and 'taking a meal without spicy foods' by nutrition education. There were significant changes in the type of breakfast and in the frequency of snacks. After education, in type of breakfast, it showed higher number of students ate rice oriented meal than they did before education. and in frequency of snacks, it showed lower number of students ate snacks 'over 3 times' than they did before education. In Carbohydrate : Protein : Fat (CPF) ratio (%), it was significantly changed from 55.8 : 17.7 : 26.6 to 63.6 : 15.3 : 21.1. In evaluation of nutrient intake by Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans (KDRIs), vitamin A, thiamin, niacin, vitamin $B_6$, calcium, phosphate, iron and zinc showed positive changes in distribution of number of children by intake level. That is, there were significant improvements in intakes of vitamin A, thiamin, niacin, vitamin $B_6$, calcium, phosphate, iron and zinc. These results showed that nutrition education using Food Exchange System for elementary students improved nutrition knowledge, dietary attitude and nutrients intake. It suggest that nutrition education using Food Exchange System may improve dietary behaviors and reduce an incidence of obesity in elementary students.