• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.231-240
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• 2008

We developed a user-friendly program to independently verify monitor units (MUs) calculated by radiation treatment planning systems (RTPS), as well as to manage beam database in clinic. The off-axis factor, beam hardening effect, inhomogeneity correction, and the different depth correction were incorporated into the program algorithm to improve the accuracy in calculated MUs. A beam database in the program was supposed to use measured data from routine quality assurance (QA) processes for timely update. To enhance user's convenience, a graphic user interface (GUI) was developed by using Visual Basic for Application. In order to evaluate the accuracy of the program for various treatment conditions, the MU comparisons were made for 213 cases of phantom and for 108 cases of 17 patients treated by 3D conformal radiation therapy. The MUs calculated by the program and calculated by the RTPS showed a fair agreement within ${\pm}3%$ for the phantom and ${\pm}5%$ for the patient, except for the cases of extreme inhomogeneity. By using Visual Basic for Application and Microsoft Excel worksheet interface, the program can automatically generate beam data book for clinical reference and the comparison template for the beam data management. The program developed in this study can be used to verify the accuracy of RTPS for various treatment conditions and thus can be used as a tool of routine RTPS QA, as well as independent MU checks. In addition, its beam database management interface can update beam data periodically and thus can be used to monitor multiple beam databases efficiently.

• Proceedings of the Turfgrass Society of Korea Conference
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.5-8
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• 2011

This research was conducted to determine the effect of capillary rise interruption layer on the sand based growing media when growing Kentucky bluegrass under soil reclamation and saline water irrigation. Rootzone profile consists of three layers as top soil of 30 cm, 20 cm of capillary interruption layer and 10 cm of reclaimed paddy soil. Rootzone profile was packed in column pots. The top soil was a mixture of sand dredged up from Lake Bhunam Tae Ahn, Korea and peat at the ratio of 95:5 by volume. Bottom part of column was covered with plastic net and the pots were soaked into 5 cm depth saline water reservoir with salinity $3-5dsm^{-1}$. Kentucky bluegrass was installed by sod and irrigated using $2dSm^{-1}$ saline water(5.7mm $day^{-1}$)in 3days interval. The results showed that the largest accumulation of salt in the spring with ECe of $5.4dSm^{-1}$ and SAR34.0 in rootzone with out capillary rise interruption layer and ECe of $4.6dSm^{-1}$ and SAR8.24 at rootzone using gravel as capillary rise interruption layer material. Kentucky bluegrass grown in growing media with gravel as capillary rise interruption layer resulted in the average visual quality rate of 8.1and clipping dry weight of $24.8gm^{-2}$, while Kentucky bluegrass grown in the growing media with out capillary rise interruption layer showed the visual quality rate of 7.9 and clipping dry weight of $34g.m^{-2}$. Capillary rise interruption layer of gravel and coarses and enhanced the visual quality by 4.1and 4.0%, root length by 50 and 38%, and root dryweight by 35and 17% of Kentucky bluegrass, and reduced the accumulation of Na by 16% and 25%, ECe by 7% and 13% in the rootzone.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.147-156
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• 2006

This study was initiated to evaluate the growth characteristics of seven creeping bentgrass cultivars in summer, 'Penncross' showed the worst visual quality, whereas 'Penn A-4' and 'Crenshaw' the best quality. 'Putter', which was maintained a fair quality during the test period, was regarded as a good cultivar because of no significant variation in summer as compared to the other caltivars. 'Crenshaw',' L-93' and 'Penn A-4' were greater in chlorophyll content and 'Penncross' lowest during the summer. Also, 'SR1020' had a low content of chlorophyll. 'Putter' greatly increased in chlorophyll content after fertilization. The highest shoot density($19.3/cm^2$) was found with 'L-93' in early August, followed by 'Crenshaw', 'Penn A-4', 'Putter', 'Dominant', and 'SR1020' in that order. However, 'Penncross' was lowest($15.7/cm^2$). As for a root length, 'L-93' was longest, being over an average 5.5cm. 'Penn A-4' and 'Putter' also showed good result in root growth. However, the root length considerably decreased with 'SR1020', 'Penncross' and 'Dominant' in summer. Brown patch was a serious disease for the most cultivars, except 'Penncross'. 'Dominant' had the most serious damage. 'Putter', 'L-93', 'Crenshaw', 'SR1020', and 'Penn A-4' were also greater in damage over the others. In regards of algae occurrence in summer, 'Penn A-4' had the least damage, while 'Dominant' the greatest. In conclusion, 'Crenshaw', 'Penn A-4' and 'L-93' were the best cultivars in terms of summer growth. Conversely, 'Penncross' was the poorest one. However, this study was conducted under the conditions of one-year old green. Accordingly, in-depth experiment should be done over several years to elucidate the characteristics of growth for the wide range of creeping bentgrass cultivars during the summer.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.189-203
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• 2020

Objectives: This study was performed to identify the current barriers of obesity management for children using Community Child Care Centers and their caregivers (parents and teachers working in the Centers). Further, this study explored the possibility of utilizing a mobile phone application for tailored obesity prevention and management programs to overcome the current difficulties associated with children's obesity management. Methods: The qualitative data were collected through in-depth interviews with 20 obese and overweight children or children who wanted to participate in this study using Community Child Care Centers, 12 teachers working at the Centers, and a focus group interview with five parents of children using the Centers. Data were analyzed with a thematic approach categorizing themes and sub-themes based on the transcripts. Results: The current barriers of obesity management of obese and overweight children using Community Child Care Centers were lack of self-directed motivation regarding obesity management (chronic obesity-induced lifestyles and reduced self-confidence due to stigma) and lack of support from households and Community Child Care Centers (latchkey child, inconsistency in dietary guidance between the Center and household, repetitive pressure to eat, and absence of regular nutrition education). Mobile phone applications may have potential to overcome the current barriers by providing handy and interesting obesity management based on visual media (real-time tracking of lifestyles using behavior records and social support using gamification), environmental support (supplementation of parental care and network-based education between the Community Child Care Center and household), and individualized intervention (encouragement of tailored and gradual changes in eating habits and tailored goal setting). It is predicted that the real-time mobile phone program will provide information for improving nutritional knowledge and behavioral skills as well as lead to sustainable children's coping strategies regarding obesity management. In addition, it is expected that environmental factors may be improved by network-based education between the Community Child Care Centers and households using the characteristics of mobile phones, which are free from space and time constraints. Conclusions: The tailored education program for children using Community Child Care Centers based on mobile phones may prevent and reduce childhood obesity by overcoming the current barriers of obesity management for children, providing environmental and individualized support to promote healthy lifestyles and quality of life in the future.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.638-649
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• 2009

Image resizing (or scaling) is one of the most essential issues for the success of visual service because image data has to be adapted to the variety of display features. For 2D imaging, the image scaling is generally accomplished by 2D image re-sampling (i.e., up-/down-sampling). However, when it comes to stereoscopic 3D images, 2D re-sampling methods are inadequate because additional consideration on the third dimension of depth is not incorporated. Practically, stereoscopic 3D image scaling is process with left/right images, not stereoscopic 3D image itself, because the left/right Images are only tangible data. In this paper, we analyze stereoscopic 3D image scaling from two aspects: geometrical deformation and frequency-domain aliasing. A number of 3D displays are available in the market and they have various screen dimensions. As we have more varieties of the displays, efficient stereoscopic 3D image scaling is becoming more emphasized. We present the recommendations for the 3D scaling from the geometric analysis and propose a disparity-adaptive filter for anti-aliasing which could occur during the image scaling process.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.47-53
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• 2011

From 12 to 16 July 2006, 4 days' torrential rainfall in Deoksan-ri, Inje-up, Inje-gun, Gangwon-do caused massive landslide and debris flow. Huge losses of both life and property, including two people buried to death in submerged houses, resulted from this disaster. As the affected region is mostly mountainous, it was difficult to approach the region and to estimate the exact extent of damage. But using aerial photographs, we can define the region and assess the damage quickly and accurately. In this study the debris flow region in inje, Gangwon-do was analyzed using aerial photographs. This region was divided into three sections - beginning section, flow section and sedimentation section. Informations for each section were extracted by digitizing the shot images with visual reading. Topographic, forest physiognomic and soil characteristics and debris flow occurrences of this region were analyzed by overlaying topographic map, forest type map and soil map using GIS. Comprehensive analysis shows that landslide begins at slope of about $36^{\circ}$, flows down at $26^{\circ}$ slope, and at $21^{\circ}$ slope it stops flowing and deposits. Among forest physiognomic factors, species of trees showd significant relationship with debris flow. And among soil factors, effective soil depth, soil erosion class, and parent materials showed meaningful relationship with debris flow.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.62-73
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• 1990

An experimental study is performed in order to catch the characteristics of the flow field at arrested salt wedge, using a rectangular open channel. Arrested salt wedge is generally so stable that the observations are easy, but velocities and interfacial waves are measured with the aid of visualization method, by injection of fluorescent dyes. The density interface, which is defined as the zone of maximum density variation with depth, exists in about 0.5 cm below the visual interface, and vertical density profile is quite well satisfied with Homeborn model. Interfacial layer has high turbulent intensity and its thickness decreases as the overall Richardson number increases and has magnitude of roughly 17% of upper layer. Cross-sectional velocity distribution just shows the influence of a side-wall friction and in the upper layer vertical velocity profile also becomes uniformly as Reynolds number increases, but in the lower layer it shows nearly parabolic type. Supposes that we divide salt wedge into three domains, that is, river mouth, intermediate and tip zone, entertainment coefficient is small at the intermediate zone and large at the river mouth and the tip zone. River mouth or intermediate zone has comparatively stable interface and capillary wave therefore s produced and propagated downstream. On the other hand, tip zone is very unstable, cusping ripple or bursting ripple is then produced incessantly. Arrested salt wedge form is nearly linear and has no relation to densimetric Froude number and Reynolds number.

• Journal of Science of Art and Design
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• v.11
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• pp.79-108
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• 2007

"Printing is an Art of reproduction & a Technique of However printing has extended its limitation from a genre of reproduction itself and now it stands on the turning point as an art such as painting or sculpture which expresses artist's originality. Early Printing has had relations in depth with press printing in terms of information recording, preservation, and transmission. It was acknowledged value in a way of information satisfaction different from how it is valued as a pure art today. But, later printing has transferred its function from a mean of reproduction to pure art due to the development of printing skills and photography invention. It can be said that the concept of modern printing is taking over its genealogy as a creative work not as just printing. Also its expression capability is widen to dimensional printing and high-tech multimedia from original tradition techniques. As we discussed above, modern painting is very open to various changes. This modern painting aspect can be seen as an extended interpretation of 'board' concept. This dissertation raises a question why monotype and monoprint couldn't secure its position in printing history in spite of numerous artists' tryouts in its way. Monotype and monoprint fundamentally based on intaglio technique in its history. Yet, its systematic study hasn't been worked out. This is because of the lack of recognition of monotype and monoprint's originality as printing. Especially in monoprint, it has known as an early stage in copperplate printing process which is an attempt to solve the technique limitation or trial work for edition. Likewise the reason why monotype and monoprint remains at the edge of printing border ambiguously is because of conceptual, technical characteristics which are against traditional printing. In traditional printing, the concept of board is important as a method of reproduction. Different from the fact, monotype and monoprint accept the form of medium 'board' conceptually out of limited condition as mentioned. Thus monotype and monoprint hasn't stand out for several reasons until late 20th century when it started come out to public as people starts to have interests that works from famous artists are actually based on monotype and monoprint. This dissertation likes to step into the monotype and monoprint theoretically which is not well known in domestic and try to study the meaning of monotype and monoprint as a printing medium which is also hasn't been considered sincerely. For this study the process follow as below. First, look into how monotype and monoprint has a concept and history. Next, check differences through comparison with traditional printing and how printing can be understood in what aspects at the same time. After, verify how monotype and monoprint have influence on the acceptance of extended concept of 'board'. This study will show the expressional possibility of monotype and monoprint which has already known as 'tableau printing' in today's situation where adventurous experiments of printing medium are going on with the development of technology.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.222-243
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to develop concrete and in-depth knowledge about menarche and to raise the need of menstrual education. The data were collected from purposively sample 34 women from twenties to forties from April 27 to October 10, 1994. Semi-structured intensive interviews were done and these qualitative data were analysed with "Ethnograph" computer program. The results of the study were as follows : 1. The experience of menarche could be classified into two main groups, which were positive and negative response to menarche. The negative experiences were to be shameful, tearful, scared of the phenomena and thought as a kind of punishment for guilt or confused menarche with other symptoms of diseases. On the contrary, the positive experiences were to be proud of physical maturity and to think that is was wonderful, miraculous and to perceive it as a warm experience. 2. The experience of menarche was influenced by various factors. They were the knowledge about menstruation, the quality and amount of informations, the time of menarche, the environmental factors, the response of significant others toward menarche. The experience of menarche could be positive or negative according to these factors. 3. The previous information sources about menstruation could be significant others, school education and mass-media. The significant others were mothers, sisters, friends and the person in charge of school sex education such as school nurses, home economics, military drill and athletics of teachers. And mass-media included sex education booklets, nursery tales, TV programs, and publicity activities of sanitary napkin companies. 4. The opinions of the subjects about the proper time of menarcheal education could be grossly classified into two groups. The first was active approach toward children when they were in elementary school. The second was passive approach which postponed the time until the child ask about it, because it would be awkward for them to discuss about the topic. 5. The participants thought that the ideal methods of menarche education would be systematic school education programs, open discussion with daughters, audio-visual teachings, or practical education in everyday life. 6. The contents of the menarche education based on the participants' opinions, would be positive details about meanings and functions of menstruation. And it would be desirable if the attitudes of the person in charge of education could be positive, open-hearted, and favorable toward menstruation.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.303-315
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• 2020

The development of ICT is spreading various contents to enhance health care and management efficiency through convergence between mobile and healthcare, but it indicates consumer acceptance and imbalance of mobile healthcare, and there is a lack of empirical research on functions and acceptability required according to consumer behavior and characteristics. This study sought to understand whether users were aware of and how to address the risks associated with smartphone use, and to conduct research on the acceptability and function and price of healthcare applications. For the purpose of the study, the data prepared in depth 1:1 survey for those who participated in and attended the 'BIO 2018 in Boston' exhibition was used for the actual analysis. The collected sample data included frequency analysis, technical statistical analysis, speech only correlation, chi square test, one-way analysis, and accuracy test. As a result, the more you realize the wrong attitude, the higher the awareness of risk and willingness to take action to solve problems. Second, it is necessary to increase satisfaction with the functions of healthcare apps, as well as to utilize health care and healthcare apps. Third, focus should be placed on systems or functional implementations centered on user behavior changes. Fourth, it is necessary to develop services that can enhance visual motivation. This study is meaningful in that it identifies a variety of consumer characteristics and provides directions for development of functions, and can be used as a basis for providing efficient healthcare applications in the future.