• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.107-114
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• 1989

Model pile pull-out tests have been executed to investigate the characteristics of the critical relative displacement at which the critical pile skin resistance is mobilized. Test result shows that the critical relative displacement is neither constant nor pile size dependent, but it is the most closely related with the magnitude of the critical skin resistance. The empirical relationship between the two quantities has been established. Behavior of centrifuge physical models of skin-resistance-related problems has been investigated on a quantitative basis by a computational method. A pile downdrag problem has been employed as an example of the skin-resistance-related problems. A simple transfer function type method has been developed for the analysis of the downdrag. It is concluded from the analysis that centrifuge physical modeling of skin-resistance-related problems may lead to an erroneous result on an unconservative side, as may have been expected due to the violation of the similarity rule by the quantity of the critical relative displacement.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.209-236
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• 2013

The concept of expectation rights considers 'the expectation' that the patient should be given proper medical treatment as the benefit and protection of the law, so it would be the benefit and protection of the law due to personal rights different from 'the legal principle that has the possibility to a considerable extent' being in an extension of life and body. However, the problem how the patient's expectation of medical service sets up in order to make it the benefit and protection of the law would be still left in the vague concept of the patient's 'expectation', thus, in the first place, the medical practice following formed medical standard in every particular medical institutes should be the standard because these medical services are normally within a range of the patients' expectations. In addition, it should be naturally constituted as mental profit to get the subjective circumstances such as 'the patient's expectation' to be an object, and also, different from the profit and protection of the law such as life and body that should be absolutely protected, the origin of violation behavior should be regarded simultaneously to define the denotation of expectation rights. Therefore, the expectation rights violations would be problematic in case it fails to reach the medical standard that is expected for common doctors to practice properly. This is the concept of expectation rights that gets subjective matters such as the patient's expectation to be objectivity as medical practices that can be expected by generalized abstract doctors. This standard should be defined as the minimum standard that is naturally expected for doctors to practice, different from medical standard that decides the level of doctors.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.49-57
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• 2010

This case study investigated red light violations at CBD, suburban and rural signalized intersections in chungbuk. The goal of this study is to understanding the collection between red light violations and various driver, vehicles and environmental factors. This study uses descriptive statistics analysis and logistics analysis with SPSS 12.0 software. The major results of this study are as follows. First, red light violations occurred at rural and CBD more than suburban area. Second, About 81.1% of the violators were traveling at or below the posted speed limit. Moreover, 77.3% of the violations occurred within 2 seconds after the on set of red light. Finally, the logistic regression model, which is statistically significant(chisquare=0.000, McFadde=0.265)was developed, and includes the local type(CBD/suburban/rural), violators' gender, season, vehicle type, time of day, vehicle speed as the independent variables. In this study did not find significant relationship between red light violators' age and their driving behavior approaching signalized intersections.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.71-81
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• 2016

Objectives: The objective and aim of this research is to cultivate a problem-solving ability by analysing the factors that negatively impact on filming sexual behaviour by adolescent. Methods: This research mainly refer to the secondary reference which is conducted a survey of all over the country by National Youth Policy Institute. 3,963 students on the register who participated in survey between 12th of June in 2014 and 15th of July in 2014 was nominated as final recipient for research. Results: Firstly, it has been shown that students who have watched sexual video have more experienced at filming sexual behaviour. In the area of stimulation(p<0.01) and emulation/sharing(p<0.001) except to violation of human rights, adolescent who has experienced at filming sexual behaviour significantly gains more high score than adolescent who does not have experienced statistically. Secondly, as a result of analysis the factors which negatively impact on filming sexual behaviour by adolescent with Binary logistic regression analysis, the adolescent who have shared sexual video was impacted on having an experience at filming sexual behaviour. and the adolescent who had sexual conversation was impacted on having an experience at filming sexual behaviour. Conclusion: A local autonomous entity and school should enforce systematic health education and practical management of mass media rather than unconditional restriction of adolescent's use of smart phone. To carry out this, the state and a local autonomous entity should urge plan for support for settling the instructive environment about using smart phone.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.9 no.11
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• pp.180-188
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to rethink the common theme that penetrates Faulkner's authorship. That is to say, does his authorship come from "being white"? To answer this question, I try to look into "otherness"/violence against others through re-reading Light in August. By borrowing the idea of "panopticon' mechanism in Michel Foucault's Surveiller et Punir, I will examine the process of justifying the violence against others, especially blacks. Through this process, I try to research the one side of Faulkner's Southern myth which was riddled with the history of pillage and violation of black people's rights. In Light in August, I will compare Jefferson society which encircles Joe Christmas to panopticon mechanism derived from Michel Foucault's Surveiller et Punir. Jefferson society as a designer of surveillance system and an executor as well ceaselessly surveils Joe Christmas's otherness/difference or blackness and tries to punish him whenever they can. With this mechanism, I try to explain that writer's repetitive narration of collective amoral behavior such as lynch comes from his anxiety and conscience about his dark side Southern history.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.19-34
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• 2021

The aim of this study is verifying the effects of chatbot's error types and structures of error message on attitude, behavior intention towards the chatbot and perceived usability of the chatbot. The error types of chatbot are divided into 'experience' error and 'agency' error, which set different expectancy level, according to mind perception theory. The structures of error message were either unstructured condition composed of error specification only or structured condition composed of apology, explanation and willingness of improvement. It was found that score of perceived usability was higher in experience error condition than agency error condition. Also, all three scores of dependent variables were higher in structured error message condition than unstructured error message condition. Furthermore, expectation gap of experience didn't predict the dependent variables but expectation gap of agency predicted all three dependent variables. Finally, the tendency of interaction effect between the error type and the structure of the error message on expectation gap of agency was observed. This study confirmed the mitigating effect of structured error messages and the possibility that these effects may vary by the type of error. The result is expected to be applicable to design of error coping strategies that enhance user experience.

• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.169-192
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• 2022

With the spread of Internet personal broadcasting service, the number of personal broadcasting hosts (BJs: Broadcasting Jockeys) and viewers is increasing, and immediate communication between them is also actively taking place. This study examines whether the mechanism to suppress deviant behavior of BJ works effectively and how viewers interacting with BJs affect the intentions of deviant behaviors of BJs. Through the structural equation model, the effect of formal and informal sanctions of deterrence theory on BJs' intention of deviant broadcasting through their policy compliance attitude was investigated. The moderating effect of social pressure on the relationship between BJs' policy compliance attitude and their deviant broadcasting intention was confirmed. A total of 234 data were analyzed by surveying Africa TV BJs. As a result of the analysis, it was found that informal as well as formal sanctions increased the BJs' attitude toward policy compliance. However, it was confirmed that the social pressure perceived by BJs from Internet personal broadcasting viewers reduced the effect of policy compliance attitudes on reducing deviant broadcasting intentions.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.32 no.4D
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• pp.313-322
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• 2012

This study analyzes taxi driver's risk-taking propensity with respect to risk-taking behaviour and traffic locus of control. In order to explore the traffic risk-taking, we present a predictive model by structural analysis of driver's risk-taking propensity. By applying this model to survey data from taxi drivers, we can observe that driver's risk-taking propensity has a significant impact on the traffic violation intention, and the higher perception of law and the lower lack of law-abiding drivers have, the more they tend to violate. Second, we test using multivariate analysis if the level of risk-taking propensity differs by the locus of control( external or internal). Drivers of external control shows higher risk-taking level compared to those of internal control so that the risk-taking propensity shows difference according to the locus of control for the responsibility of traffic accidents. The structural equation model of our study yielded ${\chi}^2$ = 279.7, ${\chi}^2$/df = 1.55, RMSEA = 0.44, GFI = 0.911, TLI = 0.916, CFI = 0.929.

• 한국정책학회보
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.161-198
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• 2014

The various types of improper usages in the process of delivering social services have been increasingly paid to attention in South Korea. This study, relying on empirical data about the various improper behaviors, explore whether the audit activity can reduce the degree of the improper behavior. In order to estimate the impact of the audit, we use the DID(Difference in difference) method, comparing the experimental group with the audit treatment and the control group without it. We control for size(the number of Service personnel and user), types of social service (elderly, disabled, etc.), organizational forms(profit, non-profit), region(metropolitan areas, small-medium cities, rural areas), and the number times of audit (1, 2, and 3 number). Our empirical results show that the audit decreased the ratio of payment violation by about 4.02 percent, the number of violations from providers' improper payment by approximately 5.07 and the number of violations from users' improper payment by approximately 9.59. Further research is required to explore why and how the audit can decrease the improper usage in social service with rigorous theoretical models.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.99-130
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• 2012

Service failure and a poor service recovery may lead loyal customers to try to aggressively punish the service firm. We use perceived betrayal and desire for vengeance as the key constructs to understand customer retaliation. Perceived betrayal is defined as a customer's belief that a firm has intentionally violated what is normative in the context of their relationship. And the desire for vengeance is defined as the retaliatory feelings that consumers feel toward a firm, such as the desire to exert harm on the firm. The perceived betrayal and the desire for vengeance are key antecedents of retaliatory behaviors such as vindictive complaining, negative WOM and third-party complaining for publicity. The empirical results suggest that betrayal is a key motivational factor that lead customers to restore fairness by making use of all means, including retaliation. We also find that relationship quality has effect on a customer's response to a failure in service recovery. As the levels of relationship increases, a violation of the proper fairness has a stronger effect on the sense of betrayal experienced by customers. Considerable research has investigated consumer responses to dissatisfaction. But our study examine the response of outraged and highly frustrated consumers. We focus on emotional and behavioral processes that have not been covered by previous dissatisfaction researches and which are unique to outraged consumers caused by extremely dissatisfied purchase experience. It has recently been pointed out by various mass media that the customers not only have positive effects on the company performance but also put the company in crisis. It has often been reported that one customer's dissatisfaction, for example, never ends as it is, and it tends to grow for retaliating upon the company, depending on the level of seriousness of the dissatisfaction. This sometimes leads to a lawsuit against the company. Our study focuses on the customers' emotional and behavioral responses induced by their extreme dissatisfactions. We divided the customer groups into the customers with high relationship quality and the customers with low relationship quality, and the difference between two groups is examined. The objective of this study is to comprehend the causal relationship between the feeling of betrayal caused by the service failure and the retaliatory behavior triggered by the desire of revenge. Our study is divided into three parts. First, a causal relationship between perceived unfairness and the perceived betrayal and desire for revenge. Second, the effect of the perceived betrayal and desire for revenge on the retaliatory behavior is investigated. Finally, the moderating role of relationship quality in the causal relationship between the unfairness in service recovery and the perceived betrayal is analyzed. This study finds the following empirical results. The distributive unfairness, procedural unfairness and interactional unfairness had significant effects on the perceived betrayal. Especially, the perceived distributive unfairness results in the highest perceived betrayal. When the service company does not provide customers proper and sufficient compensation for the failure, they feel the strong sense of betrayal. And in the causal relationship between the perceived betrayal, desire for revenge and retaliatory behavior, the perceived betrayal has significant effects on e desire for revenge. In addition desire for revenge has significant effects on negative word of mouth, retaliatory complaining behavior and publicity of complaints through third group. Therefore the perceived unfairness has effects on retaliatory behavior through the mediation of the perceived betrayal and desire for revenge. Finally the moderating role of relationship quality was examined in the relationship between the unfairness and perceived betrayal. If the customers experienced the perceived unfairness in the process of service recovery, the customers with high relationship quality feel the stronger perceived betrayal than the customers with low relationship quality do. When they experience the double service failure, the customer group with high relationship quality accumulating the sense of trust feel the more perceived betrayal than the customer with low relationship quality who do not have strong trust. The contribution of this study is to find the effect of the service failure on the retaliatory behavior with the moderating roles of relationship quality. The dimensions of unfairness in service recovery is found to have differential effects on the perceived betrayal, desire for revenge. And these differential effect is moderated by the level of relationship quality.