• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.124-129
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• 1991

This study investigated seasonal occurrence and daily flight activity using synthetic sex pherom mone and injury characteristics of 야et armyworm, Spodoptera exigua in Chonnam area of K Korea in 1990. Male adults were attracted to phermone trap from mid-June to late November w with the peaks at mid-late August, mid-late September and early-mid November in vinyl i house and also were attracted from mid October to late November in field. Primary peak of occurrence in vinyl house was 20 days sooner than field. It seems to have 6 generations a year in C Chonnam region based on the estimation of larval biomass. Daily male flight was active from m midnight to before sunrise with the peak at 4-6 A.M .. In injury characteristics at various host plants, damage was great in early growing stage at below 10 cm of plant height in Allium fistulsum. Chrysanthemum morifolium was damaged at mostly upper part of leaves reaching to m the extent up to 70%. In case of Gypsophila paniculata, plants injured at early growing stage do n not grow and flower normally.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.48-68
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• 2003

There have been some problems of high labor. low productivity in the existing systems of bonsai cultivation. This study was conducted to cultivate a large quantity of hig-quality bonsai through the development of bottom irrigation system and management method. Bonsai placed on the FRP bed were grown very well by bottom irrigation system compared with direct watering and sprinkler system. It was concluded that bottom irrigation system was possible to reduce considerable manual labor and produce mass production of high-quality bonsai within shorter periods. This research was finally found that the growth was significantly better and earlier production was certain in the vinyl house, had another advantage which could cultivate less cold-resistant species and therefore broadened a range of species selection for market supply. Cultivation techniques by the use of vinyl house and bottom irrigation system developed was quite effective for early production of bonsai as well as for high productive and value added. This project developed a new practical techniques and systems which can make mass and early production of bonsai with high quality through input of less labor. Interest in bonsai is now expanding in landscape horticulture and other fields concerned, and bonsai export of our country is also increasing. Results from this research will make a great contribution to enhancing of bonsai cultivator's competitive position in world markets and to improving of their annual income.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.163-170
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• 2001

The objective of this study was to evaluate land cover classification of PyeongTaeg area by Landsat Thematic Mapper Data June, 1997. This study was also to make more correct reference data using DGPS, aerophoto, and topographical chart etc.. The result of the area of paddy and upland were estimated 4,949 $\textrm{km}^2$ and 16,157 $\textrm{km}^2$, respectively. Correctness of estimation by using DGPS, aerophoto, topographical chart were shown over 90% correct in case of rice paddy field, water, and sea, while upland, vinyl house, forest, grassland, village were shown low correctness. Total average accuracy was shown to be 85.8%. Correctness of paddy field showed high value of 92%, showing that use of remote sensing data was proved to be effective methods to estimate spatial distribution and cultivation status of paddy field. Classification result of sea, water area, downtown had higher correctness, while upland, vinyl-house, grassland were proved to be relatively low correctness because of it's small area and mixed distribution.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.315-322
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• 2008

Recently there has been a great deal of interest in promotion of the utilization of rainwater. In this paper, we compared qualities of the rainwater collected from the top of vinyl houses to those of precipitated rainwater itself in Jeju Island. The pH of the collected rainwater was acidic and lower than the precipitated one. As a storm progresses, the pH of the collected water gradually increases. Ranges of EC of the precipitated and collected rainwater were 1-118 and $1-475{\mu}S/cm$. Most of Cl and turbidity values of the collected rainwater were less than 20 mg/L and 20 NTU, while those of the precipitated rainwater were less than 10 mg/L and 5 NTU. Differences in qualities between precipitated and collected rainwater indicate that qualities of the collected rainwater should be changed by the first flush effects, and imply that long term continuous monitoring for the qualities of collected rainwater is essential to quantify the first flush phenomenon more accurately.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.6-13
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• 1990

The banana insect pest species and their damages were surveyed from 9 vinyl hoses of Cheju Island on August in 18. A total of 5 pest species wre found ; banana root weevil (BRW) Cosmopolites sordidus Germar (Curculionidae) a wireworm Melonotus sp. (Elateridae), a spider mite teranychid sp. (Tetranychidae), mulberry mealybud Pseudococcus comstocki (Kuwana)(Pseudococcidae), and common cutworm Spodoptera litura (Fabricius)(Noctuidae). Among them, the BRW which attacked the rhizome of banana plant was newly recorded from Korea. It is assumed that the weevil would be introduced from Japan, Philippine or SriLan-Ka wiht the banana seedlings imported during early 1980's.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.441-445
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• 2011

This research was conducted to investigate the influence of variouis organic substrates on growth and yield of organically grown ginseng seedlings in a shaded plastic house. In the investigation of optimal substrate, the eight substrate were formulated by adjusting blending rate of peatmoss, perlite, coir dust(coco peat), and vermiculite. Then, the changes in physico chemical properties of root substrates as well as their influences on the growth characteristics and yield were determined at six months after sowing. The elevation of the blending rate of peatmoss from 50% to 70% with decrease in the rate of inorganic component (mixture of perlite and vermiculite) from 50 to 30% resulted in the increase in container capacities and decrease in total porosities and air-filled capacities. The concentrations of $NH_4-N$, $P_2O_5$ and K increased as the incorporation rate of castor seed meal, phosphate ore, and langbenite, respectively, were elevated during the root medium formulations. The PPV-1 and PPV-4 substrates produced high stem length, stem diameter, shoot fresh weight, leaf area and root length among eight substrate. Root fresh weight was heaviest in PPV-4 compound nursery media. The results of this experiment will be utilized in the new substrate application for ginseng organic culture in shaded vinyl house.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.47 no.7
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• pp.13-32
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to analyze the state of housing and domestic living conditions of Vietnamese individuals in Vietnam and Korea. Using ethnographic methodologies, It was examined examined 22 Vietnamese households in Korea in relation to their usage of domestic space and also conducted the same investigation on 20 Vietnamese households in Vietnam. The following conclusion were established; 1) The majority of households in both countries preferred that the kitchen was close to the dining room and living room while a kitchen door was not deemed as necessary. 2) In Korea, washing machines are used in the bathroom space, while in Vietnam they are used outside or in a specially designated space. 3) The most uncomfortable aspect of home life in Korea was having the bathroom and toilet in the same space while in Vietnam they are separately spaced. It is recommended that house plans with separate bathroom and toilet area be made available for Vietnamese migrants. 4) Chairs were used in the sleeping area for eating, especially if guests were present, but the floor space was also used for eating. 5) Tile is a typical floor material in Vietnam while vinyl is popular in Korea. However, migrant workers were comfortable with both materials. 6) All 20 households didn't have any heating system in Vietnam but most migrants preferred a modified Ondol in Korea. 7) Most migrants took their shoes off while inside the house in Vietnam and Korea. Furthermore, the majority of households didn’t have any designated shoes space at the entrance to the house in Vietnam and most were satisfied with the same situation in korea. 8) Most households in Vietnam and Korea preferred to decorate their living room with various things or as a place of worship to their ancestors. The direction of house was an important element when deciding to buy or building houses in both countries.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.33-38
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• 2001

This research was carried out to determine the quantity and characteristics of broiler excreta produced in different age and different types of broiler house. Daily feed intakes of broiler chicks ranged over 160.1~165g/d in the sixth week of age. Female and male broiler consumed 211.3 and 252.9 $m\ell$/d of water in the period, respectively. The amount of excreta produced by female and male broiler was 164.3 and 176.3g/d/bid in the sixth week, but average daily excreta production from birth to the sixth week of age was 90.5g/bird. Accumulated excreta production of broiler per bird in the sixth week was 3,800g. The contents of N, $P_2O_5$ and $K_2O$ in broiler excreta were 4.49, 1.28 and 2.02% in DM basis, respectively. The average moisture contents of litter produced from windowless broiler house, open-sided and vinyl house type broiler house were 18.3, 29.7 and 30.1%, respectively.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.88 no.4
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• pp.523-532
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• 1999

The studies were carried out to develop an urban forest aromatic bath in the idle space within city area for handicapped persons, patients and city workers, who having less chance to visit the natural forest aromatic bath. The environmental conditions were checked in the experimental double vinyl house where native and exotic aromatic woody and herbaceous plants were growing with minimum energy input in the periods of mid-winter and mid-summer. The growth and photoperiodic responses of the plants to the low and high temperatures were observed during winter and summer respectively. The most of herbaceous plants in the double vinyl house with the controlled minimum night temperature of $-2^{\circ}C$ had no winter injury but did not grow and started the growth in April. The exotic herbs such as Catnip faassen's(Nepeta x faassenia) and Lemon bergamot(Monarda citriodora) grew better in the longer photoperiodic conditions. The growth rates of Abies koreana, Thuja koraiensis and Pinus sylvestriformis in the early spring were affected mainly by the night minimum temperature and less affected by the photoperiodic conditions during winter. The native aromatic herbs such as Robdosia japonica, Molsa punctulata, Agastache rugosa and Codonopsis lanceolata showed stimulatory growth at the 16 hours day-length in case of the high temperature vinyl hose. The height and root collar diameter growth of pine seedlings were inhibited in maxim temperatures over $40^{\circ}C$ during summer.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.10-15
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• 1987

The experiment was designed to determine the proper shading rate and shading materials to decrease the excessive dried leaves during cure of burley tobacco. Five shading rates and seaven shading materials were applied on the pipe vinyl house from initial stage or yellow stage of cure. Temperature was lower and weight-loss of leaves delayed with shading from initial stage to browning stage of cure. Excessive dried leave were largely decreased as shading rate was increased to 70%. However, at shading rate more than 70%, its decreasing extent was fewer. Price per kg and physical properties improved considerably at shading rate of 50%. Shading materials alone could not completely prevent excessive dried leaves but it could decrease them. Orange, white and purple color vinyl among shading materials had so effects of shading as the black shading cloth during curing. However, white color vinyl didn't endure more than a few months due to sunshine. A difference of light quality in visible light was no significance on air curing.