• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.328-332
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• 2002

Cordyceps is reputed for its broad biological activities and as a tonic for replenishing vital function in Chinese traditional medicines. As an attempt to obtain fundamental data for the development of new type Cordyceps, the effects of the fruiting bodies of cultivated fungus of Paecilomyces japonica grown on silkworm larvae on fatigue and hematotoxicity were investigated. The antifatigue activity of dongchongxiacao (Paecilomyces japonica) was studied in mice using weight loaded forced swimming performance method. The water extract of dongchongxiacao(25 mg/kg of body weight, intraperitoneal injection at 12 and 36 hours before irradiation and 30 minute and 24 hours after irradiation) showed a significant antifatigue effect in normal mice and radiation-induced fatigue mice (p<0.0005). In the experiment on the improvement of hematotoxicity, a significant difference from the irradiated controls was seen at day 3 of the group treated with dongchongxiacao and substantial differences from the irradiated controls at day 7 was also detected.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.406-409
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• 2007

12년령의 암컷 치와와 믹스견이 급성 시력 상실과 진행성 사지마비 증상으로 내원하였다. 두부 자기공명 영상 촬영 결과 뇌에서 다발성 병변이 확인되었고 뇌척수액 검사 결과에서는 단핵구 증가 소견이 나타났다. 이러한 결과들을 토대로 육아종성 뇌수막염이 강력하게 의심되었다. 뇌의 병변은 조직 병리 검사를 통해 최종적으로 육아종성 뇌수막염으로 진단되었고 면역 조직 염색 상에서 T-cell 항원에 양성을 나타내었다. 본 증례 보고는 노령견에서 육아종성 뇌수막염의 임상적인 증상, 진단 영상의 특징, 그리고 면역조직병리학적인 소견 등을 나타내고 있다. 또한 본 증례 보고는 뇌혈관 주위의 T 림프구 침착에 기인한 육아종성 뇌수막염의 임상 증상들에 관해 서술하고 있으며 T세포 매개 염증의 원인 규명에 관한 고찰이 더 필요하다.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.101-104
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• 2014

Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii, with very few therapeutic treatment options. The choices for treatment are pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine, however their utility is limited because of drug toxicity and serious side effects. In this study, ethanol extracts of 13 traditional medicines used to treat Toxoplasma gondii were tested in vitro for their anti-Toxoplasma gondii cytotoxicity. The median effective concentration ($EC_{50}$) values for the herbal extracts ranged from 173 mg/mL to 1995.35 mg/mL. In HeLa cell, the selectivity of Alpinia oxyphylla (2.75), Mucunae Caulis (2.96), Dictamnus dasycarpus (7.52) which was higher than sulfadiazine (2.08). This indicates that Alpinia oxyphylla, Mucunae Caulis, Dictamnus dasycarpus extracts may be sources of new anti-Toxoplasma gondii compounds.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.31-36
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• 2008

1년령 수컷 비글견이 심한 호흡곤란, 청색증, 식욕감소로 내원하였다. 외상의 병력은 없었으며, 내원 5일전에 Pseudomonas aeruginosa와 E. coli로 인한 세균성 폐렴의 진단을 받았다. 제한적인 호흡 양상을 보여 즉각적으로 산소를 투여하고 방사선검사를 실시하였다. 배복 촬영상에서 우측 흉강에 공기가 차 있었고, 우측 폐엽의 허탈, 종격, 심장과 대혈관의 좌방 변위가 관찰되었다. 외측상에서는 심첨이 흉골로부터 떨어져 있는 것이 관찰되었다. 이상의 결과로 세균성 폐렴으로 인한 속발성 자발 기흉으로 진단하고, 우측 흉강에 흉강 튜브를 삽관하였다. 삽관 3일후에 방사선 배복 촬영상에서, 우측 흉강의 공기는 제거되었으나 좌측 흉강에 기흉이 발생하여 심장이 우방변위된 것이 확인되었다. 따라서, 흉강튜브를 좌측 흉강에도 삽관하였다. 기흉이 완전히 회복되기까지, 우측 흉강 튜브는 5일간, 좌측 흉강튜브는 45일간 유지하였다. 추가로 세균성 폐렴의 치료와 튜브로 인한 역행성 감염을 방지하기 위해 항생제와 비타민 E를 처치하였다. 결과적으로, 환자는 완전히 회복되었고, 2년동안의 관찰기간 동안 재발증상 없이 정상 생활을 유지하였다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.245-252
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• 2024

Ginseng is a traditional herbal medicine used for prevention and treatment of various diseases as a tonic. Recent scientific cohort studies on life prolongation with ginseng consumption support this record, as those who consumed ginseng for more than 5 years had reduced mortality and cognitive decline compared to those who did not. Clinical studies have also shown that acute or long-term intake of ginseng total extract improves acute working memory performance or cognitive function in healthy individuals and those with subjective memory impairment (SMI), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), or early Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia who are taking AD medication(s). Ginseng contains various components ranging from classical ginsenosides and polysaccharides to more recently described gintonin. However, it is unclear which ginseng component(s) might be the main candidate that contribute to memory or cognitive improvements or prevent cognitive decline in older individuals. This review describes recent clinical contributors to ginseng components in clinical tests and introduces emerging evidence that ginseng components could be novel candidates for cognitive improvement in older individuals, as ginseng components improve SMI cognition and exhibits add-on effects when coadministered with early AD dementia drugs. The mechanism behind the beneficial effects of ginseng components and how it improves cognition are presented. Additionally, this review shows how ginseng components can contribute to SMI, MCI, or early AD dementia when used as a supplementary food and/or medicine, and proposes a novel combination therapy of current AD medicines with ginseng component(s).

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.181-188
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• 2003

Cordyceps has a reputation for its broad biological activities and as a tonic which replenishs vital function in Chinese traditional medicines. As an attempt to obtain fundamental data for the development of new type Cordyceps, the effects of the fruiting bodies of cultivated fungus of Paecilomyces japonica grown on silkworm larvae on radiationinduced damages were investigated. We performed this study to determine the effect of Dongchongxiacao (Paecilomyces japonica) on jejunal crypt survival, endogenous spleen colony formation, and apoptosis in jejunal crypt cells and hair follicles of mice irradiated with high and low dose of gamma-radiation. Treatment with Dongchongxiacao showed no significant modifying effects on the jejunal crypt survival and endogenous spleen colony formation. The frequency of radiationinduced apoptosis was reduced by pretreatment of Dongchongxiacao (i.p.: 50 mg/kg of body weight, at 12 and 36 hours before irradiation, p<0.01). The spontaneous levels of apoptotic cells are $0.082{\pm}0.041$ in intestinal crypts and $0.231{\pm}0.084$ per hair follicle section of skin. Pretreatment of Dongchongxiacao was associated with decreases of 26.86% in intestinal crypt and 66.36% in hair follicle decrease in the number of cells with nuclei positively stained for apoptosis compared with the irradiation control group. We demonstrated for the first time that Dongchongxiacao administration could reduce the extent of apoptosis produced by radiation in the hair follicle. The results presented herein that Dongchongxiacao given before irradiation is capable of reducing the severity of cell loss as a result of apoptosis.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.161-168
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• 2007

Salicornia herbacea L. (Chenopodiaceae: S. herbacea) is a salt marsh plant, which has long been prescribed in traditional medicines for the treatment of intestinal ailments, nephropathy, and hepatitis in Oriental countries. In order to elucidate the mechanisms of this herb, we conducted an anti-oxidative activity, the inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production, and the suppression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine genes, with the solvent-extracts of S. herbacea. We found that both ethyl acetate and n-butanol tractions showed potent anti-oxidative effects in comparison to other fractions using xanthine oxidase assay with $IC_{50}$ values of $66.0{\pm}0.5\;{\mu}g/ml$ and $82.5{\pm}3.8\;{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. In addition, both ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions showed more electron donating activity (EDA) than other tractions, according to DPPH (2, 2-Diphenyl-lpicrylhydrazyl radical) assay. The EDA of ethyl acetate fraction ($IC_{50}$ values of $117.5{\pm}3.8\;{\mu}g/ml$) is more significant than that of n-butanol fraction ($IC_{50}$ values of $375.0{\pm}12.5\;{\mu}g/ml$). Among potential anti-oxidative tractions, ethyl acetate traction dose-dependently suppressed lipopolysaccharide (LPS, $0.1\;{\mu}g/ml$)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW264.7 cell, while n-butanol did not. As expected, ethyl acetate fraction suppressed the expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) in RAW264.7 cell stimulated by $0.1\;{\mu}g/ml$ of LPS. Moreover, the ethyl acetate traction suppressed the expression of interleukin-1 $(IL)-1{\beta}$ and granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) mRNA in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Therefore, these results suggest that S. herbacea may have anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities by modulating radical-induced toxicity and various pro-inflammatory responses.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.166-177
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• 2018

Plant essential oils are defined as fragrant volatile oils extracted from leaves, stems, fruits, flowers, and roots of a plant. Such oils are composed of multiple components and multiple functions. By accumulation of inductive information, various plant essential oils have been studied for using in therapeutic medicine for various diseases. Despite of the apparent advantages of essential oils as a source of therapeutic medicines, plant essential oils have many limitations, including cytotoxic side effects. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the toxicity and the mechanisms of cytotoxicity of such oils. In this study, we evaluated the cytotoxicity to human-derived cell lines of 10 plant essential oils provided by National Institute of Forest Science (i.e., Larix kaempferi; Abies holophylla; Zanthoxylum ailanthoides; Pinus parviflora; Tsuga sieboldti; Chamaecyparis pisifera; Cryptomeria japonica; Pinus densiflora; Illicium anisatum; Pinus thunbergii). Cytotoxicity evaluations were accomplished by using CCK-assays and PCR-based cytotoxicity-related marker gene analyses with A549 cell line, and the Detroit551 cell line which are lung and skin cell line. The genes were analyzed included caspase-3 has a role in cell apoptosis, and the other cyclinA, cyclinB, cyclinD, and cyclinE regulated cell cycling for the cell proliferation. By examining the five cytotoxicity-related marker genes by performing real-time PCR and examined the cytostatic gene regulation associated with the various essential oils. The results of this study showed that the degree of cytotoxicity and the cytostatic gene regulation which could give precious information for using the plant essential oil for the clinical usages.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.387-393
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• 2011

Polygoni Multiflori Radix (PMR) a dried root tuber of Polygonum multiflorum Thunberg with bioactivities in bone metabolism is one of the most famous tonic traditional medicines in China, Japan and Korea.To observe the anti-osteoporotic effect of PMR, we observed the effects on proliferation and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of primary osteoblasts, bone nodule formation, pit formation of osteoclasts and osteoclastogenesis in vitro. As the result of that, although PMR extracts have no meaningful changes on the the proliferation of primary osteoblasts, significant (p < 0.01) increases of ALP acitivity of osteoblasts were dose-dependently observed in all PMR extracts treated groups tested compared to that of vehicle control. It means that it enhanced the differentiation (ALP activity) and bone nodule formation of osteoblast. In addition, PMR extracts dose-dependently inhibits the pit formation and the number of multinucleated osteoclast-like cells (OCLs), osteoclastogenesis in vitro. Therefore these results show the possibility of PMR extracts as another anti-osteoporotic agents.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.375-386
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• 2011

Polygoni Multiflori Radix (PMR), a dried root tuber of Polygonum multiflorum Thunberg with bioactivities in bone metabolism is one of the most famous tonic traditional medicines. To observe in vivo anti-osteoporotic efficacy of PMR extracts, we orally administered once a day for 28 days (Qd ${\times}$ 28) to bilateral ovariectomized (OVX)-induced osteoporosis ddY mice after 1 week of recovery periods at 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg (of body weight). A positive control drug, Alendronate (FOSA) 10 mg/kg-dosing group was added. As results of OVX-induced osteoporotic process, estrogen-deficient osteoporotic changes were also dramatically decreased in all PMR extracts-dosing groups. Especially middle dosage of PMR extracts, 250 mg/kg constantly and significantly (p < 0.01 or p < 0.05) inhibited the loss of bone strength and bone quality. Based on the results, it was concluded that PMR extracts (125, 250 or 500 mg/kg; orally dosing) has relatively good favorable effect to prevention and/or treatment of OVX-induced osteoporosis. Therefore, although the efficacy was slighter than that of Alendronate on the inhibition of bone loss, it is expected that PMR extracts will be promising as a new anti-osteoporotic agents for prevent the fracture induced in osteoporotic patients because natural herbal medicine origin PMR extracts will be dose not show serious side effects especially the problem in upper alimentary irritation by bisphosphonate and hypercalcaemia of parathyroid hormone analogs.