• Applied Microscopy
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.61-67
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• 2014

Layered structures of fiber cell wall of Korean red pine (Pinus densiflora) were investigated by confocal reflection microscopy (CRM). CRM micrographs revealed detailed structures of the fiber cell wall such as S1, S2, and S3 layers as well as transition layers (S12 and S23 layers), which are present between the S1, S2, and S3 layers. Microfibril angle (MFA) measurement was possible for the S2 and S3 layer in the cell wall. The experimental results suggest that CRM is a versatile microscopic method for investigation of layered structures and MFA measurement in individual sub layer of the tracheid cell wall.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2009

Since luxurious apartments have appeared in Korean common housing, there have been a series of stages in reflecting the demands of residents. However, lifestyles have been restricted to a typified pattern because housing was provided extensively during a short period. The ensuring of residency in common housing lies in seeking how to utilize a given space to the maximum. In the presence of residents, the characteristic of today's housing is not merely satisfied with residents, but provokes the function of a new supplier. Residents are changing by situation (economic, social, cultural, and family types), yet housing is falling short of the change. In particular, it is necessary to closely observe the change in housing by time and space in accordance with both psychological and physical changes of family members. Therefore, this study aims to furnish an opportunity to prepare the foundation of alternatives, which may cope with the future in housing design and furniture design through the latest cases at home and abroad as well as a theoretical background of issues concerning a variable system, which will suit the demands of residents.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제53권5호
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• pp.1580-1586
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• 2021

The application of induction bending processes to industrial pipe production is increasing. The induction bending process has the effect of reducing the number of inspections and preventing leaks by reducing the weld of the pipe. For these reasons, efforts have been made to apply an induction bending process to the pipe of the PGSFR under development in Korea and this is the first attempt in the SFR design. Since the PGSFR pipe has a relatively large diameter-to-thickness ratio, it is difficult to fabricate an induction bending pipe that meets the requirements. In addition, the material properties may change because the pipe heats to a very high temperature during the induction bending process. In this study, P91 pipes were fabricated by induction bending, and the results from analyzing the induction bending process' applicability to the P91 pipe of the PGSFR are examined. The various dimensional measurements of the pipes fabricated by the induction bending process were surveyed to determine whether the requirements of the ASME Code were met. The minimum thickness, ovality, and wall buckling measured in the fabricated pipe met all the requirements. Tensile, impact, and hardness tests at various locations of the fabricated pipe also satisfied the requirements.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2000년도 춘계학술대회 논문집 디스플레이 광소자 분야
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• pp.159-161
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• 2000

After the square type reset pulse, the condition of remaining wall charge has been experimentally investigated in AC-PDP with VDS (Versatile Driving Simulator) system, in which arbitrary driving waveform and sequence can be used. After the self-discharge process, almost wall charges are eliminated. But some wall charges are not and its quantity is dependent on the voltage of the reset pulse. When the voltage of the reset pulse is growing, its quantity is decreased. But if the voltage of the reset pulse is above 300V, the wall voltage due to remaining wall charge is constant and its value is found out 6V. Also it is found that its polarity is always same with the one made by the reset pulse. It means that the polarity is not changed by the self-discharge.

• Advances in nano research
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.91-109
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• 2024

Carbon nanotubes are drawing wide attention of research communities and several industries due to their versatile capabilities covering mechanical and other multi-physical properties. However, owing to extreme operating conditions of the synthesis process of these nanostructures, they are often imposed with certain inevitable structural deformities such as single vacancy and nanopore defects. These random irregularities limit the intended functionalities of carbon nanotubes severely. In this article, we investigate the mechanical behaviour of double-wall carbon nanotubes (DWCNT) under the influence of arbitrarily distributed single vacancy and nanopore defects in the outer wall, inner wall, and both the walls. Large-scale molecular simulations reveal that the nanopore defects have more detrimental effects on the mechanical behaviour of DWCNTs, while the defects in the inner wall of DWCNTs make the nanostructures more vulnerable to withstand high longitudinal deformation. From a different perspective, to exploit the mechanics of damage for achieving defect-induced shape modulation and region-wise deformation control, we have further explored the localized longitudinal and transverse spatial effects of DWCNT by designing the defects for their regional distribution. The comprehensive numerical results of the present study would lead to the characterization of the critical mechanical properties of DWCNTs under the presence of inevitable intrinsic defects along with the aspect of defect-induced spatial modulation of shapes for prospective applications in a range of nanoelectromechanical systems and devices.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보디스플레이학회 2003년도 International Meeting on Information Display
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• pp.722-725
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• 2003

In AC plasma display, it is very important to quantify the wall voltage induced by the wall charge accumulated on the dielectric surface. If we know the quantities of the wall voltage in each period of every sequence; reset period, address period and sustain period, then it helps us to design the optimal driving waveform for high efficiency plasma display. We develop a new method to measure the wall voltage with VDS (Versatile Driving Simulator) system. From this method the wall voltage induced by a wall charge profiles just after the reset discharge of every cells in plasma display panel can be investigated and analyzed successfully. It is noted that the wall voltage profiles are influenced by the space charge and then they are stabilized as time goes by. It is also noted that both the remaining wall charge at the previous sequence and space charges contribute to wall voltage quantities just after the reset discharge. It is noted that the wall charges contribute dominantly after a few hundreds microseconds, while the space charges have been decayed within 100 ${\mu}s$ just after the reset discharge.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.167-174
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• 2000

Ground penetrating radar(GPR) was applied for measuring depths, sizes and intervals of rebars embedded in concrete. A concrete wall was constructed for this study and a sand pool and a concrete block were used for simulation. Result of this study shows that GPR can be used for measuring rebar depths and intervals, even though it is limitary, but that measuring sizes is almost impossible. Simulation with the sand pool was helpful for research on the versatile rebar arrays though signal was not clear as real concrete wall. A concrete block with many cylindrical holes for inserting different sized rebars could not be used for simulator due to many unknown reflective waves. Antenna orientation must be perpendicular to rebars for large reflection signal.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.346-355
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• 2014

소나무의 가도관과 유연벽공의 미세구조를 연구하는데 공초점반사현미경법을 이용하여 획득한 3차원 화상을 사용하였다. 가도관 유연벽공의 토러스, 마르고, 벽공연의 미세구조가 명확하게 관찰되었으며, 교분야벽공의 미세구조로 가도관과 방사유세포 사이의 연결구조 및 방사유세포 내의 역학적 지지구조도 관찰할 수 있었다. 가도관 세포벽의 3차원 화상에서는 S1, S2, S3층과 이 층들의 사이에 있는 이행층의 존재도 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 S3층과 S2층의 마이크로 피브릴 배향의 관찰이 가능하였고, 유연벽공 주변의 복잡한 마이크로피브릴 배향 특성도 직접적으로 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구의 결과 공초점반사현미경법은 소나무 가도관의 세포벽, 유연벽공, 교분야벽공의 미세구조를 연구하는데 유용하게 이용될 수 있는 현미경 기법으로 여겨졌다.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.19-23
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• 2010

Nanoimprint lithography (NIL) is one of the most versatile and promising technology for micro/nano-patterning due to its simplicity, high throughput and low cost. Recently, one of the major trends of NIL is large-area patterning. Especially, the research of the application of NIL to TFT-LCD field has been increasing. Technical difficulties to keep the uniformity of the residual layer, however, become severer as the imprinting area increases. In this paper we performed a numerical study for a large area NIL (the $2^nd$ generation TFT-LCD glass substrate ($370{\times}470$ mm)) by using finite element method. First, a simple model considering the surrounding wall was established in order to simulate effectively and reduce the computing time. Then, the volume of fluid (VOF) and grid deformation method were utilized to calculate the free surfaces of the resist flow based on an Eulerian grid system. From the simulation, the velocity fields and the imprinting pressure during the filling process in the NIL were analyzed, and the effect of the surrounding wall and the uniformity of residual layer were investigated.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.68-79
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• 2010

Lower abdominal tissue is regarded as an ideal donor site for the breast reconstruction because it provides large skin territory and huge amount of soft tissues enough to the breast size. However it is not easy for the surgeon to reconstruct the really natural breast, and needs the learning curve with long time experience. Author represent the various reconstruction procedures for the breast using lower abdominal tissue such as muscle sparing free TRAM, DIEP, and SIEA free flaps to reinsure like breast. Indications, and selection of reconstructive methods, surgical timing, selection of donor sites and recipient vessel of these flaps were reviewed. In addition, detailed procedures, surgical tips and secondary adjuvant procedures are described for more symmetry of reconstructed breast. The muscle sparing free TRAM, DIEP, and SIEA free flaps would be enough to provide supple, huge amount of well vascularized tissue for the breast, if these flaps were selected for the appropriate indication according to patient's general condition, obesity, the opposite breast and abdominal tissue condition. Lower abdominal tissue was able to provide versatile designs with sufficient adipose tissue without compromising the integrity of abdominal wall.