• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.27-40
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• 2016

This study examined the mediating effects of irrational beliefs on the relationships of middle school students' autonomy of psychological growth environment and behavioral anger responses(impulsive reaction, verbal aggression, physical confrontation and indirect expression). A sample of 346 first and second year students of middle school participated in the autonomy of psychological growth environment scale, the irrational beliefs scale and behavioral anger responses scale. Pearson's correlation analysis and regression analysis were performed. The results showed that: ⑴ The relations among autonomy of psychological growth environment, irrational beliefs and behavioral anger responses were significant. The autonomy of psychological growth environment had negative correlations with irrational beliefs and behavioral anger responses. Irrational beliefs produced positive correlations with behavioral anger responses. There were positive correlations among the subtypes of behavioral anger responses. ⑵ There were mediating effects of irrational beliefs between autonomy of psychological growth environment and behavioral anger responses. The effects of autonomy of psychological growth environment on impulsive reaction, physical confrontation and indirect expression were fully mediated by irrational beliefs. However, the effect of autonomy of psychological growth environment on verbal aggression was partially mediated by irrational beliefs. This study demonstrated that irrational beliefs mediate the relationship between autonomy of psychological growth environment and behavioral anger responses.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.601-609
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• 2001

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the degree of perceived powerlessness in hospitalized elderly patients of the medical and surgical unit. Method: The instrument for this study was the Powerlessness Behavioral Assessment Tool(Miller, 1983). The reliability of the instruments was .85. The data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, and ANOVA. Results: The results were as follows ; 1. The mean score of powerlessness was $35.02(SD={\pm}9.24)$ in a range of 19 to 64, and the mean of powerlessness was total 1.84. Among 4 subscales, the highest score was in the area of verbal response (M=1.98), and the lowest score for powerlessness was in the area of daily activities(M=1.74). In all items, 'verbal expression of fatalism' showed the highest score(M=2.78), and 'verbal expressions of giving up' showed the lowest score(M=1.38). 2. There were significant differences in the level of powerlessness according to hospitalization experience(t=-3.03, p=0.006), medical treatment experience(t=.291, p=.004). Especially, there was significant difference according to the hospitalization experience of the hospital in all sub- scales. Conclusion: Based on these conclusions, nursing education for patient's diseases and treatment can be used for proper nursing intervention in reducing the level of powerlessness of hospitalized elderly.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.115-124
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• 2021

Non-verbal communication is important in human interaction. It provides a layer of information that complements the message being transmitted. This type of information is not limited to human speakers. In human-robot communication, increasing the animacy of the robotic agent-by using non-verbal cues-can aid the expression of abstract concepts such as emotions. Considering the physical limitations of artificial agents, robots can use light and movement to express equivalent emotional feedback. This study analyzes the effects of LED and motion animation of a spherical robot on the emotion being expressed by the robot. A within-subjects experiment was conducted at the University of Tsukuba where participants were asked to rate 28 video samples of a robot interacting with a person. The robot displayed different motions with and without light animations. The results indicated that adding LED animations changes the emotional impression of the robot for valence, arousal, and dominance dimensions. Furthermore, people associated various situations according to the robot's behavior. These stimuli can be used to modulate the intensity of the emotion being expressed and enhance the interaction experience. This paper facilitates the possibility of designing more affective robots in the future, using simple feedback.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.157-175
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• 2010

Understanding dialogue participant's emotion is important as well as decoding the explicit message in human communication. It is well known that non-verbal elements are more suitable for conveying speaker's emotions than verbal elements. Written texts, however, contain a variety of linguistic units that express emotions. This study aims at analyzing components for constructing an emotion ontology, that provides us with numerous applications in Human Language Technology. A majority of the previous work in text-based emotion processing focused on the classification of emotions, the construction of a dictionary describing emotion, and the retrieval of those lexica in texts through keyword spotting and/or syntactic parsing techniques. The retrieved or computed emotions based on that process did not show good results in terms of accuracy. Thus, more sophisticate components analysis is proposed and the linguistic factors are introduced in this study. (1) 5 linguistic types of emotion expressions are differentiated in terms of target (verbal/non-verbal) and the method (expressive/descriptive/iconic). The correlations among them as well as their correlation with the non-verbal expressive type are also determined. This characteristic is expected to guarantees more adaptability to our ontology in multi-modal environments. (2) As emotion-related components, this study proposes 24 emotion types, the 5-scale intensity (-2~+2), and the 3-scale polarity (positive/negative/neutral) which can describe a variety of emotions in more detail and in standardized way. (3) We introduce verbal expression-related components, such as 'experiencer', 'description target', 'description method' and 'linguistic features', which can classify and tag appropriately verbal expressions of emotions. (4) Adopting the linguistic tag sets proposed by ISO and TEI and providing the mapping table between our classification of emotions and Plutchik's, our ontology can be easily employed for multilingual processing.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.49-64
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• 1990

Studies on housing concept currently activated by environmental psychology are in its early stage of developement. The trends can be characterized as case oriented, phenomenological, and exploratory. The purpose of this research was to explore empirically the housing concept from residents living in multi family housing complex through their verbal expressions. Subjects were 63 housewives of middle class households in Junggae area. Interview technique with open questions about housing concept and images was used. The responses were analyzed using content analysis in which episode was the analysis unit. Relaxation appeared the most important aspect of housing concept This seemed to imply the need for escaping from the modern city life with too much stimulus or stress. Answers on specific images considered desirable to keep and continue from past traditional housing to future housing showed their strong need for natural green environment such as garden and park. This supported the concept of relaxation as a major function of modern housing and showed a specific alternative mean to satisfy the relaxation concept.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.284-292
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• 2001

This study is an attempt to analyze concept of pain and to do it according to a series of concept development processes described by Walker and Avant. Based on the results of the study, the attributes, scope, precedences and consequences of pain were identified : 1. The attributes of pain were subjectivity, unpleasantness, expression, experience, response, and sensitivity. 2. The scope of pain were physical, psychological, and socio-cultural. 3. The following were precedences of pain : 1) Internal or external noxious stimuli 2) actual or potential injury or damage to body and/or mind 3) noxious stimulation or aversive sensation is perceived as pain 4. The following were consequences of pain : 1) physical, psychological, socio-cultural response 2) verbal and/or non-verbal communication 3) coping and self-preservation.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.26 no.8
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• pp.1255-1258
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• 2022

Recently, immersive VR/AR contents have actively increased, and various services related to VR/AR allow users to experience remote places. For example, if failure situations occur frequently in factory of the remote site, mixed reality (MR) with a synthetic virtual human expert in reconstructed remote location can help immediate maintenance task with interaction between the operator and the virtual expert. In this paper, we present a technique for synthesizing the virtual human after capturing a 360-degree panorama of a remote environment, and analyze the effects to apply a method of guiding virtual human by interaction types. According to this paper, it was shown that co-presence level significantly increased when verbal, facial expression, and non-verbal animation of the virtual human was all expressed.

• The Journal of Korea Robotics Society
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.281-288
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• 2009

Nowadays, many robots have evolved to imitate human social skills such that sociable interaction with humans is possible. Socially interactive robots require abilities different from that of conventional robots. For instance, human-robot interactions are accompanied by emotion similar to human-human interactions. Robot emotional expression is thus very important for humans. This is particularly true for facial expressions, which play an important role in communication amongst other non-verbal forms. In this paper, we introduce a method of creating lifelike facial expressions in robots using variation of affect values which consist of the robot's emotions based on emotional boundaries. The proposed method was examined by experiments of two facial robot simulators.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.27-51
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• 2019

This case study aimed to investigate changes in self-expression following participation in a rap making program with adolescent survivors of childhood cancer. The rap making program was constructed based on the contextual support music therapy model. Three adolescent survivors of childhood cancer participated in six 80-minute individual sessions. During the sessions, each participant engaged in the following tasks: song discussion, lyric creation, and rapping over a selected beat. At pre and posttest, the Self-Expression Scale was completed by participants. Their verbal expressions lyrics were observed during the sessions, and individual interviews with the participants were conducted at the completion of the program. The results demonstrated that the mean rating of the Self-Expression Scale increased after the rap making intervention. Analysis of the participants' verbal expressions and lyrics demonstrated that participants were experiencing difficulties adjusting to school that they wanted to resolve. Furthermore, the analysis of the interviews at posttest found that participants experienced positive changes in self-perception, self-expression, and expectations for their future, compared to the pretest when the participants expressed negative self-perceptions due to difficulties in interpersonal relationships at school and physical limitations. This indicates that rap making can be an effective resource for providing this population with the means to recognize positive attributes about themselves and improve self-expression.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.59-73
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• 2003

As a means of overcoming the linguistic barrier between different languages in the Internet, a new sign-language communication system with CG animation techniques has been developed and proposed. In the system, the joint angles of the arms and the hands corresponding to the gesture as a non-verbal communication tool have been considered. The emotional expression, however, could as play also an important role in communicating each other. Especially, a comic expression is more efficient than real facial expression, and the movements of the cheeks and the jaws are more important AU's than those of the eyebrow, eye, mouth etc. Therefore, in this paper, we designed a 3D emotion editor using 2D model, and we extract AU's (called as PAU, here) which play a principal function in expressing emotions. We also proposed a method of generating the universal emotional expression with Avatar models which have different vertex structures. Here, we employed a method of dynamically adjusting the AU movements according to emotional intensities. The proposed system is implemented with Visual C＋＋ and Open Inventor on windows platforms. Experimental results show a possibility that the system could be used as a non-verbal communication means to overcome the linguistic barrier.