DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Mediating Effects of Irrational Beliefs on the Relationships Between Autonomy of Psychological Growth Environment and Behavioral Anger Responses Perceived by Middle School Students

중학생이 지각한 심리적 성장환경의 자율성과 분노행동의 관계에서 비합리적 신념의 매개효과

  • Kim, Taeeun (Department of Child Studies & Education, Hanyang Cyber University)
  • Received : 2016.09.15
  • Accepted : 2016.12.23
  • Published : 2016.12.30

Abstract

This study examined the mediating effects of irrational beliefs on the relationships of middle school students' autonomy of psychological growth environment and behavioral anger responses(impulsive reaction, verbal aggression, physical confrontation and indirect expression). A sample of 346 first and second year students of middle school participated in the autonomy of psychological growth environment scale, the irrational beliefs scale and behavioral anger responses scale. Pearson's correlation analysis and regression analysis were performed. The results showed that: ⑴ The relations among autonomy of psychological growth environment, irrational beliefs and behavioral anger responses were significant. The autonomy of psychological growth environment had negative correlations with irrational beliefs and behavioral anger responses. Irrational beliefs produced positive correlations with behavioral anger responses. There were positive correlations among the subtypes of behavioral anger responses. ⑵ There were mediating effects of irrational beliefs between autonomy of psychological growth environment and behavioral anger responses. The effects of autonomy of psychological growth environment on impulsive reaction, physical confrontation and indirect expression were fully mediated by irrational beliefs. However, the effect of autonomy of psychological growth environment on verbal aggression was partially mediated by irrational beliefs. This study demonstrated that irrational beliefs mediate the relationship between autonomy of psychological growth environment and behavioral anger responses.

Keywords

References

  1. Ahn, J. M., & Ahn, K. S. (2012). A study on related factors for adolescent's anger emotional experience. Korean Journal of Youth Studies, 19(3), 267-292.
  2. Anderson. C. A., & Bushman, B. J. (2002). Human aggression. Annual Review of Psychology, 53(1), 27-51. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.53.100901.135231
  3. Averill, J. R. (1982). Anger and aggression: An essay on emotion. New York: Springer Verlg.
  4. Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173-1182. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173
  5. Baumrind, D. (1991). Effective parenting during the early adolescent transition. In P. A. Cowan & M. Hetheringt (Eds.), Family transitions. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  6. Beck, A. T. (1976). Cognitive therapy and the emotional disorders. New York: International University Press.
  7. Beck, R., & Fernandez, E. (1988). Cognitive behavioral therapy in the treatment of anger: A meta analysis. Cognitive therapy and Research, 22(1), 63-74. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1018763902991
  8. Berkowitz, L. (1989). Frustration-aggression hypothesis:Examination and reformation. Psychological Bulletin, 106(1), 59-73. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.106.1.59
  9. Bernard, M. E. (1998). Validation of the general attitude and belief scale. Journal of Rational Emotive & Cognitive Behavior Therapy, 16(3), 183-196. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1024911014579
  10. Chang, H. K., & Choi, W. S. (2008). The effects of cognitive behavioral group art therapy on impulsiveness and self-control of children with ADHD. Korean Journal of Art Therapy, 15(3), 391-410.
  11. Chang, H. L. (2016). The effect of perceived parenting attitude on the anger expression of middle-class adolescent: The moderating effect of gender. Journal of Korean Family Relations, 21(3), 95-122. https://doi.org/10.21321/jfr.21.3.95
  12. Chang, S. J. (2002). A relationship psychological growth environment, resilience of adjustment and characteristics of juvenile delinquency tendencies. Unpublished master's thesis. Wonkwang University, Jeonbuk, Korea.
  13. Choi, I. K., & Choi, S. N. (2009). Effects of cognitive behavioral group art therapy on the anger expression and self-esteem of the children in low-income families-focused on the plastic activity. Korea Journal of Counseling, 10(2), 1097-1112. https://doi.org/10.15703/kjc.10.2.200906.1097
  14. Chung, O. B. (2007). Theories of life-span development. Seoul: Hakjisa.
  15. Clark, D. M., & Wells, A. (1995). A cognitive model of social phobia. In R. G, Heimberg, M. Liebowitz, D. Hope and F. Schneier (Eds.), Social phobia:Diagnosis, assessment and treatment. New York:Guilford.
  16. Cui, L., Morris, A. S., Criss, M. M., Houltberg, B. J., & Silk, J. S. (2014). Parental psychological control and adolescent adjustment: The role of adolescent emotion regulation. Parenting: Science and Practice, 14(1), 47-67. https://doi.org/10.1080/15295192.2014.880018
  17. DiGiuseppe, R., Leaf, R., Exner, T., & Robin, M. W. (1988). The development of a measure of irrational/rational thinking. Presented at the World Congress of Behavior Therapy, Edinburgh, Scotland.
  18. Eckhardt, C. I., & Kassinove, H. (1998). Articulated cognitive distortions and cognitive deficiencies in maritally violent men. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 12(3), 231-250.
  19. Ellis, A. (1962). Reason and emotion in psychotherapy. Secaucus: The Citadel Press.
  20. Ellis A. E., & Dryden, W. (1997). The practice of rational-emotive therapy. New York: Springer.
  21. Ellis, A., & Wilde, J. (2001). Case studies in REBT with children and adolescents. New York: Prentice-Hall.
  22. Gross, J. J., Richards, J. M., & John, O. P. (2006). Emotion regulation in everyday life. In Snyder, D. K., Simpson, J., & Hughes, J. N. (Eds.), Emotion regulation in couples and families: Pathways to dysfunction and health. Washington DC: American Psychological Association.
  23. Hayes, S. C., Strosahl, K., & Wilson, K. G. (1999). Acceptance and commitment therapy: An experiential approach to behavior change. New York: Guilford Press.
  24. Hong, K. J., Chae, Y. K., & Lee, M. J. (2000). The effects of the adolescents' irrational beliefs, self-esteem and their perceived parents' parenting attitude on their modes of anger expression. Korea Journal of Counseling, 1(1), 161-181.
  25. Houltberg, B. J., Morris, A. S., Cui, L., Henry, C. S., & Criss, M. M. (2016). The role of youth anger in explaining links between parenting and early adolescent prosocial and antisocial behavior. Journal of Early Adolescence, 36(3), 297-318. https://doi.org/10.1177/0272431614562834
  26. Hwang, Y. R., & Kim, Y. M. (2013). The effects of mindfulness meditation based cognitive behavioral program on reducing children's aggression. Journal of Learner-Centered Curriculum and Instruction, 13(6), 51-68.
  27. Jones, M. B., & Peacock, M. K. (1992). Self-reported anger in adolescents. The Journal of Health Behavior, Education & Promotion, 16(2), 11-19.
  28. Joo, Y.-D. (2000). The Relationship between children's perception of parent's child-rearing attitudes and their irrational beliefs & depression. Unpublished master's thesis. Kyungnam University, Gyeongnam, Korea.
  29. Jung. E.-E., & Song, H.-J. (2010). A validation study of the anger rumination scale for adolescents in Korea. Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 29(1), 223-239. https://doi.org/10.15842/kjcp.2010.29.1.013
  30. Kang, E., Kim, M., & Lee, B. (2015). The effect of emotional expression based anger-control program on the anger and interpersonal relationship of male adolescent of divorced families. The Journal of Yeolin Education, 23(1), 215-234.
  31. Kassinove, H., & Sukhodolsky, D. G. (1995). Anger disorders:basic science and practice issue. In Kassinove, H. (Ed.), Anger disorder: definition, diagnosis, and treatment. Washington, DC: Taylor & Francis.
  32. Kehn, A., Culhane, S. E., Kolmans, L., & Bongard, S. J. (2015). The German translation of the Novaco anger scale and provocation inventory. Current Psychology, 34(2), 294-310. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-014-9258-x
  33. Kim, J. E., & Lee, Y. J. (2013). The effects of irrational beliefs and social support on anger expression styles in middle school students. Korean Journal of Counseling, 14(3), 1551-1567. https://doi.org/10.15703/kjc.14.3.201306.1551
  34. Kim, J.-M., & Lee, G.-M. (2013). Effect of group art therapy on the mode of anger expression of bullying adolescents at school violence. Journal of Koran Society for Youth Protection and Guidance, 19(1), 73-95.
  35. Kim, K. H. (2014). A study on the correlations between parent's raising attitude and children's personal character. The Human Right Welfare Society of Korea, 16(15), 135-157.
  36. Kim, M.-R., & Lee, Y.-M. (2008). The effects of a cognitive-behavioral anger control training on anger control ability and peer relationships of children. The Korean Journal of Elementary Counseling, 7(2), 101-115.
  37. Kim, S.-R., & Hong, S.-H. (2011). The effects of cognitive-behavioral academic stress coping training on elementary school children's academic stress and coping strategy. The Korean Journal of Elementary Counseling, 10(1), 19-38.
  38. Kim, Y. H., & Kang, Y. J. (2016). Comparison between general teenagers and juvenile delinquents in cause and coping methods of stress. Journal of Youth Welfare, 18(1), 261-284.
  39. Kwon, H. J. (2014). The relationship among distress tolerance, anger rumination and dysfunctional anger: A comparison of Adolescents and Adults. Unpublished master's thesis. Seoul Women's University, Seoul, Korea.
  40. Kwon, S. M. (2013). Comtemporary abnormal psychology. Seoul: Hakjisa.
  41. Lazarus, R. S. (2001). Model of appraisal in the emotion system: Integrating theory, research, and applications. In K. R. Scherer, A. Schorr, & T. Johnstone (Eds.), Appraisal processes in emotion: Theory, methods, research. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
  42. Lee, E. K. (2001). The relationship between the father's attitude for bringing up and the children's impulsivity. Unpublished master's thesis. Cheju National University, Cheju, Korea.
  43. Lerner H. (1985). The dance of anger. New York: Harper and Row.
  44. Liew, J., Kwok, O., Chang, Y. P., Chang, B. W., & Yeh, Y. C. (2014). Parental autonomy support predicts academic achievement through emotion-related self regulation and adaptive skills in Chinese American adolescents. Asian American Journal of Psychology, 5(3), 214-222. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0034787
  45. Martin, R. C., & Dahlen, E. R. (2004). Irrational beliefs and the experience and expression of anger. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 22(1), 1-18.
  46. NamKoong, H. S. (1997). The effects of an anger-control program for elementary school students. Unpublished master's thesis. Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
  47. No, A. Y. (2006). Counseling psychology. Seoul: Hakjisa.
  48. Novaco, R. W. (1994). Anger as a risk factor for violence among the mentally disordered. In J. Monahan & H. J. Steadman (Eds.), Violence and mental disorder:Developments in risk assessment. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
  49. Oh, Y.-S. (2012). The influence of perceived parent's rearing attitude on adolescent's anger and school violence. Journal of the Korea Institute of Youth Facility and Environment, 10(3), 91-104.
  50. Persampiere, J., Poole, G., & Murphy, C. (2014). Neuropsychological correlates of anger, hostility, and relationship-relevant distortions in thinking among partner violent men. Journal of Family Violence, 29(6), 625-641. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-014-9614-5
  51. Ramsay, J. R. (2010). CBT for adult ADHD: Adaptations and hypothesized mechanisms of change. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy: An International Quarterly, 24(1), 37-45. https://doi.org/10.1891/0889-8391.24.1.37
  52. Rothbart, M. K., & Ahadi, S. A. (1994). Temperament and the development of personality. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 103(1), 55-66. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.103.1.55
  53. Seo, S. K. (2004). Cognitive factors related to anger and their therapeutic implications. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
  54. Shim, E. C. (1992). Effects of psychological growth environment and self-concept on juvenile delinquency. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Chungang University, Seoul, Korea.
  55. Silove, D., Parker, G., Hadzi-Pavlovic, D., Manicavasagar, V., & Blaszczynski, A. (1991). Parental representations of patients with panic disorder and generalized anxiety disorder. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 159(6), 835-841. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.159.6.835
  56. Son, J. E. (2011). The effect of nurture attitude of parents, self respect and un reasonable thoughts recognized by teenagers to the anger management ability. Unpublished master's thesis. Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
  57. Spielberger, C. D. (1999). State-trait anger expression inventory-2: Professional manual. FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
  58. Spielberger, C. D., Krasner, S. S., & Solomon, E. P. (1988). The experience and control of anger. In M. P. Janisse. (Ed.), Health psychology, individual differences and stress. New York: Springer-Verlag Publishers.
  59. Steinberg, L., Dahl, R., Keating, D., Kupfer, D. J., Masten, A. S., & Pine, D. S. (2006). The study of developmental psychopathology in adolescence:Integrating affective neuroscience with the study of context. In D. Cicchetti & D. J. Cohen (Eds.), Developmental psychopathology, Vol. 2: Developmental neuroscience. NJ: John Wiley.
  60. Stopa, L. & Clark, D. M. (1993). Cognitive processes in social phobia. Behaviour Research & Therapy, 31(3), 255-267. https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(93)90024-O
  61. Suk, M. J., & Oh, I. S. (2014). Relations of perceived parental overprotection, negative automatic thought and anger among middle school students. Secondary Institute of Education, 62(3), 491-511. https://doi.org/10.25152/ser.2014.62.3.491
  62. Sullivan, H. S. (1953). The interpersonal theory of psychiatry. New York: Norton.
  63. The Herald Business. (2016). 'Because of anger...' teenage crime. Retrieved from http://news.heraldcorp.com/view.php?ud=20160526000133.
  64. Walton, A., & Flouri, E. (2010). Contextual risk, maternal parenting and adolescent externalizing behaviour problems: The role of emotion regulation. Child Care, Health and Development, 36(2), 275-284. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2214.2009.01065.x
  65. Wells, A. (1995). Meta-cognition and worry: A cognitive model of generalized anxiety disorder. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 23(3), 301-320. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1352465800015897
  66. Wijhe, C., Peeters, M., & Schaufeli, W. (2013). Irrational beliefs at work and their implications for workaholism. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, 23(3), 336-346. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10926-012-9416-7
  67. Yang, M. S. (2006). The relationship between parental attitude and anxiety of presentation and between irrational belief and anxiety of presentation. Unpublished master's thesis. Jeonju University, Geonbook, Korea.