• Title/Summary/Keyword: Ventilation

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Economical Ventilation Effectiveness to Reduce Hazardous Chemical Emissions for a Nail-Salon Worker

  • KWON, Woo-Taeg;JUNG, Min-Jae;LEE, Woo-Sik;KWON, Lee-Seung;SO, Young-Jin
    • Journal of Distribution Science
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    • v.17 no.7
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    • pp.65-76
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    • 2019
  • Purpose - The purpose of this study is to investigate economical ventilation effectiveness to reduce hazardous materials exposure and damage of workers by analyzing exposure amount of noxious substances under various ventilation conditions of nail salon for indoor environments. Research design, data, and methodology - This study was carried out with cooperation of Nail shop located in SeongNam city to involve an analysis of the environmental impact indoor air quality, pollutant exposure and economical cost-effectiveness in the nail workplace. The hazardous substances were PM-10(Particulate Matter-10㎛), VOCs(Volatile Organic Compounds) and Formaldehyde, which are the major materials of nail workplace. Results - PM-10 is reduced by about 60% with air cleaner, forced artificial ventilation by 32%, and natural ventilation by about 12%. TVOCs and Formaldehyde showed similar efficiency (80~100%) after natural ventilation and ventilation after 60 minutes. The removal efficiencies of VOCs and formaldehyde were similar to those of natural ventilation and mechanical ventilation system. However, in case of dust, natural ventilation was reduced by artificial ventilation system due to inflow of external dust during natural ventilation. Conclusions - If the pollution degree of outdoor air is not high, air volume is high, and natural ventilation is performed when the air conditioning and heating system is not operated. Even at the end of the work, it keeps operating for 60 minutes to remove the pollutants generated. Results of this analysis demonstrated that the worker environment can be improved by adopting institutional legislation and guidelines for ventilation.

Mechanical Ventilation of the Children (소아의 기계적 환기요법)

  • Park, June Dong
    • Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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    • v.48 no.12
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    • pp.1310-1316
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    • 2005
  • Mechanical ventilation in children has some differences compared to in neonates or in adults. The indication of mechanical ventilation can be classified into two groups, hypercapnic respiratory failure and hypoxemic respiratory failure. The strategies of mechanical ventilation should be different in these two groups. In hypercapnic respiratory failure, volume target ventilation with constant flow is favorable and pressure target ventilation with constant pressure is preferred in hypoxemic respiratory failure. For oxygenation, fraction of inspired oxygen($FiO_2$) and mean airway pressure(MAP) can be adjusted. MAP is more important than FiO2. Positive end expiratory pressure(PEEP) is the most potent determinant of MAP. The optimal relationship of $FiO_2$ and PEEP is PEEP≒$FiO_2{\times}20$. For ventilation, minute volume of ventilation(MV) product of tidal volume(TV) and ventilation frequency is the most important factor. TV has an maximum value up to 15 mL/kg to avoid the volutrauma, so ventilation frequency is more important. The time constant(TC) in children is usually 0.15-0.2. Adequate inspiratory time is 3TC, and expiratory time should be more than 5TC. In some severe respiratory failure, to get 8TC for one cycle is impossible because of higher frequency. In such case, permissive hypercapnia can be considered. The strategy of mechanical ventilation should be adjusted gradually even in the same patient according to the status of the patient. Mechanical ventilators and ventilation modes are progressing with advances in engineering. But the most important thing in mechanical ventilation is profound understanding about the basic pulmonary mechanics and classic ventilation modes.

밀폐된 공간에서 환기에 의한 ETS 성분 제거

  • 황건중;이문수;나도영
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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    • v.21 no.1
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    • pp.102-108
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    • 1999
  • This study was conducted to evaluate the ventilation to remove gases, vapor and particles of environmental tobacco smoke(ETS) in a closed room. The ventilation rate choosed were 0.445 ㎥/min, 0.528 ㎥/min, and 0.625 ㎥/min. ETS components measured were total suspended particle(TSP), ultraviolet particulate matter(UVPM), fluorescent particulate matter(FPM), solanesol, carbon dioxide($CO_2$), carbon monoxide(CO), nicotine, and 3-ethenylpyri-dine(3-EP). The concentration of ETS components measured rapidly decreased as increasing ventilation rate, but the removal efficiency by ventilation was different from each ETS compounds. The $CO_2$, and CO, gaseous components of ETS, were dominant components to be removed from the room by ventilation. The ventilation with 0.528 ㎥/min for 1 hr was enough to remove over 99% of those gaseous components. Nicotine and 3-EP needed the ventilation for 2 hrs to reduce over 95 % of those components. As the same ventilation rate, 99 % of TSP and solanesol concentration were removed from the room within 2 hrs, UVPM and FPM concentration decreased 90 %.

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A Study for Application Ventilation System of Underground cable Tunnel (II) (지하 전력구 터널의 환기시스템 적용에 관한 연구 (II))

  • Kim, Kyoung-Yul;Oh, Ki-Dae;Kim, Dae-Hong;Kim, Jong-Hwan
    • Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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    • 2008.03a
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    • pp.778-783
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    • 2008
  • In this paper, numerical method was calculated on evaluation of underground ventilation system to keep servicing a fresh air. The tunnel length for simulation is 18.2 km with various located seven ventilation shaft. Generally, owing to thermal generation in cable tunnel under about 50 m depths, cable tunnel ventilation system is more important than that of other tunnels. So, we conducted that the effects of ventilation systems was simulated depending on the difference of electrical power tunnel length, the number of shaft tunnel, forced ventilation and duct was or not. Test results show that the main conditions in order to enhance the underground cable tunnel are that ventilation systems have to be designed with forced ventilation and with duct.

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An Experimental Study on the Ventilation performance in a Test Chamber and Office Room (모형실과 실공간에서의 환기성능에 관한 실험적 연구)

  • Yoon, Suk-Goo;Ku, Jae-Hyun;Yun, Ok-Chun;Han, Jung-Gun;Lee, Jae-Keum;Cho, Min-Chul;Kang, Tae-Wook;Lee, Kam-Gyu
    • Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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    • 2000.11b
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    • pp.520-525
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    • 2000
  • This research is to analyze the ventilation performance of mechanical ventilation systems for indoor air quality control and management. A ventilation performance with supply sites is evaluated in a test model chamber and office room. A $CO_2$ gas as a tracer gas is used to measure the ventilation performance. The ventilation performance is found to increase with increased the ventilation rate. The ventilation performance is analysed with 55% at the supply air of 570 lpm and with 20% at the supply air of 100 lpm in a test chamber. The ventilation performance is better than 15% comparing with natural decay at the supply of 570 lpm in office room.

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Unsteady Numerical Simulation on the Ventilation in a Long Rail Tunnel (장대터널내 열차운행시 환기에 대한 비정상 수치해석)

  • Hur, Nahm-Keon;Kim, Wook;Kim, Sa-Ryang;Cha, Chul-Hyun
    • Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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    • v.13 no.6
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    • pp.448-454
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    • 2001
  • In the present study, the transient axi-symmetric numerical simulation of traffic ventilation induced by a train running through a 15.6km-long tunnel is performed by using over 100,000 computational cells. With train running, three cases of ventilation schemes are simulated, which are the case of ventilation fans turned on, the case of no fan but ventilation shafts open, and the case of no fan and no shaft. Results of the ventilation flow rate are pressure transients are compared for the cases considered.

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Evaluation of Ventilation Efficiency for Various Gravity Ventilators (자연환기 벤틸레이터 형태에 따른 환기효율 평가)

  • 하현철;김태형
    • Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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    • v.14 no.7
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    • pp.543-551
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    • 2002
  • Gravity ventilators allow the escape of the warm air and air contaminants due to both (either) buoyancy and (or) convection. As a natural ventilation strategy, various gravity ventilators can be installed on the roof. Ventilation efficiency could be affected by various parameters, such as, area of openings, wind velocity and incidence angle, temperature difference between inside and outside, and shape of ventilator. Especially, the shape of roof gravity ventilator might be one of influencing factors for the effective ventilation. The window type gravity ventilators are frequently installed instead of general (standard) gravity ventilator. However, the ventilation efficiencies of them were not proved yet. To compare the ventilation efficiency, general type ventilator and two window type ventilators were numerically tested. Mean age of air, temperature and CO concentration were predicted by using commercial CFD code, AIRPAK (Ver. 2.0) with various conditions. The predicted result showed that general type ventilator is more effective for natural ventilation than window type ventilators.

A Case Study on the Applied Ventilation System to the High-rise Residential Buildings (초고층 주거용 건축물에 적용된 환기시스템에 관한 사례 연구)

  • Kim, Ok;Kim, Nam-Gyu;Park, Jin-Chul;Rhee, Eon-Ku
    • Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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    • 2006.06a
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    • pp.381-386
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    • 2006
  • This study is to research application cases of domestic ventilation system for developing ventilation system which is energy-saving and improve Indoor Air Quality and to research application possibility of foreign hybrid ventilation system. This is a basic research data of developing ventilation system for energy saying and improving indoor quality which that research the function and a feature of the ventilation system which is applied in five domestic skyscrapers over 30 floors, and research application instances and features of foreign hybrid ventilation system.

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Experimental study on reduction in rain water penetration through industrial windows used for natural ventilation (자연환기용 공장창호의 빗물유입 저감대책에 관한 실험적 연구)

  • Piao, Cheng Xu;Kim, Tae-Hyeung;Ha, Hyun-Chul;Xu, Rong Bin
    • Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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    • v.20 no.3
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    • pp.175-183
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    • 2010
  • Windows are widely used for natural ventilation of the various buildings. Especially high level windows as a part of industrial ventilation systems, play a crucial role in natural ventilation. Compared to mechanical ventilation system, natural ventilation has the advantage of lower installation and operating costs. In general, high level windows for industrial buildings have three types; louver type, 45$^{\circ}$ open type and 90$^{\circ}$ open type. Based on previous studies, it was found that the louver type and 45$^{\circ}$ open type are very effective in reducing rainwater penetration, but they did not have enough ventilation efficiencies. Preliminary tests were performed with the various types of windows. It was found that a 90$^{\circ}$ open double layer type window was the best among those which tested in our preliminary tests. Simulated rain was used to estimate the amount of rain penetrated through windows and to observe the paths of rain penetration. Various 90$^{\circ}$ open windows were tested to find the windows with minimum rain penetration and maximum ventilation efficiency.

A Study on the Recognition of Cooks about the Kitchen Ventilation (주방 환기에 대한 조리사들의 인식도 연구 - 서울 지역을 대상으로 -)

  • Van, Ju-Won;Heo, Jun
    • Culinary science and hospitality research
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    • v.11 no.4 s.27
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    • pp.228-244
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    • 2005
  • The objective of the study is to observe cooks first from the kitchen and those who care health and to grasp the impression regarding the kitchen environment. Also, it grasped the recognition degree of cooks against the elements of kitchen ventilation and kitchen ventilation equipments. We surveyed against 385 cooks who work in the kitchen of special grade hotels and family restaurants, used 5 scales for the object, and executed the analysis. The results of this study are as follows: (1) Health condition of the cooks appeared most highly pain in the shoulder and the neck. (2) for the impression regarding the kitchen environment, temperature was high and the insufficiency of ventilation is answered highly. (3) The importance of kitchen ventilation of cooks was recognized very high. (4) The combustion gas was recognized as very high percentage and the most effective element of the kitchen on the human body to remove first inside the kitchen. (5) Most cooks were recognized that the improvement of ventilation equipments is necessary. (6) The object of ventilation equipments is appeared to maintain comfortable kitchen environment. (7) The optimum operation method of ventilation equipment uses the automatic system of ventilation equipment from the kitchen and it is necessary to maintain the optimum. This research is based on preceding studies, investigating special grade hotels and family restaurants in Seoul. The ventilation plan of the kitchen should be accomplished to improve the health of cooks and productivity.

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