• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.344-351
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• 2015

Braking force inspection of vehicles in service is certainly one of the most important characteristics that affect vehicle safety. Up to now, in domestic country, the regular safety inspection of vehicles in service has been tested with a roller type brake test (a static braking force inspection system). But, in EU and USA etc. in recent years, it has been tested with a plate type brake test (a dynamic braking force inspection system). In this study, to compare the characteristics of above two test systems, the correlations for the results of braking force are evaluated statistically. As the results, in the case of main braking force, the range of the $R^2$ of the deviation for the left and right side is 0.5386 ~ 0.6231 in the rear axle and 0.0032 ~ 0.0052 in the front axle respectively, then the $R^2$ in the front axle is lower than that in the rear axle and the total variation is unexplained by the least-squares regression line statistically. Also, the p-value for the deviation of the left and right in the front axle is 0.4839 ~ 0.5755, then it has nonsignificant in the front axle. Therefore, the static braking force inspection system can not reflect the inertia force that there is a load transfer from the rear axle to the front axle during braking. Accordingly, it is necessary to adopt the dynamic braking force inspection system which can reflect the inertia force on the regular vehicle safety inspection in domestic country.

• Interaction and multiscale mechanics
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.145-155
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• 2012

The thin-plate structure and the box-beam structure are two typical welded structures in railway vehicles. Because of their structure complexity, bigger size and multi-seams, welding residual distortion which occur in welding process bring unfavorable effect on the quality of welding products manufacturing and service. As a result, welding distortion forecasting and control become an important and urgent research topic in railway vehicles. In this paper, three different numerical methods are presented corresponding to three typical types of welded structures of railway vehicles and welding deformation are simulated. Consistence of numerical results and experimental data proves the correctness of models and feasibility of simulation methods.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.49-56
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to investigate the current status of firefighting seatbelt use and factors affecting the wearing seatbelt of firefighters. The seatbelt use of citizens was also studied for comparative study. Two T-tests were conducted to confirm the characteristics of firefighters' safety belts wearing firefighters. As a result, there was a statistically significant difference, on seatbelt use in general vehicles, between firefighters and citizens. And a significant difference between fire vehicles and general vehicles, on firefighters' seatbelt use, and the average was lower in fire vehicles. Factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were conducted to 10 influential factors affecting seatbelt use of firefighters'. And factor analysis and reliability analysis revealed two major factors (Physical factors, Learning factors). In multiple regression analysis, it was confirmed the two independent factors had a positive effect on the dependent variable, the rate of seatbelt use of firefighters'.

• The Korean Journal of Legal Medicine
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.115-119
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• 2015

We investigated event-related potentials (ERPs) to estimate the accuracy of eyewitness memories. Participants watched videos of vehicles being driven dangerously, from an anti-impaired driving initiative. The four-letter license plates of the vehicles were the target stimuli. Random numbers were presented while participants attempted to identify the license plate letters, and electroencephalograms were recorded. There was a significant difference in activity 300-500 milliseconds after stimulus onset, between target stimuli and random numbers. This finding contributes to establishing an eyewitness recognition model where different ERP components may reflect more explicit memory that is dissociable from recollection.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.273-282
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• 2015

Vehicle-to-grid presents a mechanism to meet the key requirements of an electric power system, using electric vehicles (EVs) when they are parked. The most economic ancillary service is that of frequency regulation, which imposes some constraints regarding the period and duration of time the vehicles have to be connected to the grid. The majority of research explores the profitability of the aggregator, while the perspective of the EV fleet owner, in terms of their need for usage of their fleet, remains neglected. In this paper, the optimal allocation of available vehicles on a day-ahead basis using queuing theory and fuzzy multi-criteria methodology has been determined. The proposed methodology is illustrated on the daily scheduling of EVs in an electricity distribution company.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.1360-1365
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• 2010

The TBO of main unit of propulsion control devices on high-speed railway vehicles proposed by the makers is appropriated 10 years cycle, but the maintenance of internal device are proceeding before coming to the particular period of time. In the Future, increasing of the failure probability occurred by increasing train service and obtaining spare parts are predicted that it would be difficult. the propulsion control devices develop is needed in other to the ease maintenance, cost savings and ensuring related domestic technologies when considering operating on long term of high-speed railway vehicles. In this paper, we proposed development a way that current-controlled type propulsion control devices using the newest power semiconductors which is easy to supply and demand through identifying performance and characteristics of existing current-controlled type propulsion control devices of high-speed railway vehicles.

• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.6-12
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• 2017

Regulation for the testing and operation of automated vehicles on public roadways has been recently developed all over the world. For example, the licensing standards and the evaluation technology for automated vehicles have been proposed in California, Nevada and EU. But specific safety evaluation scenarios for automated vehicles have not been proposed yet. This paper presents safety evaluation scenarios for extraordinary service permission of automated vehicles on highways. A total of seven scenarios are selected in consideration of safety priority and real traffic situation. Six scenarios are relevant with lane keeping and one scenario is relevant with lane change. All scenarios are developed based on existing ADAS evaluation scenarios and repeated simulation of automated vehicle algorithm. Safety evaluation factors as well as scenarios are developed. The safety factors are based on existing ADAS ISO requirements, ADAS safety factors and current traffic regulations. For the scenarios, a hunter vehicle is needed in addition to automated vehicle evaluated. The hunter vehicle performs multiple roles like preceding vehicle, cut-in vehicle and so on. The hunter vehicle is also automated vehicle equipped with high performance GPS, radar and Lidar. All the scenarios can be implemented by driving a lap on a KATRI ITS test track. These scenarios and safety evaluation factors are investigated via both a computer simulation and an experimental vehicle test on the test track. The experimental vehicle test was conducted with two automated vehicles, which are the evaluated vehicle and the hunter vehicle.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.1378-1387
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• 2011

Seoul Metropolitan Rapid Transit Corporation - which is operating the subway lines No. 5, 6, 7 and 8 of Seoul's subway - has been operating a variety of motor cars and rail inspection vehicles to transport workers and materials into the tunnel at night after the daily revenue service for the maintenance of tunnel structure and track. However, the air quality in tunnels has been contaminated due to the operation of diesel engine cars, and rail inspection vehicles are now having higher chances of risks since the lightweight vehicles made with aluminum bogie became too obsolete. In this study, MRT type eco-friendly electric multi-inspection car has been elaborated for the purpose of improvement of tunnel environment and replacement of motor cars and rail inspection vehicles.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.163-171
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• 2023

The intelligent transportation system has made a huge leap in the level of human services, which has had a positive impact on the quality of life of users. On the other hand, these services are becoming a new source of risk due to the use of data collected from vehicles, on which intelligent systems rely to create automatic contextual adaptation. Most of the popular privacy protection methods, such as Dummy and obfuscation, cannot be used with many services because of their impact on the accuracy of the service provided itself, they depend on changing the number of vehicles or their physical locations. This research presents a new approach based on the shuffling Nicknames of vehicles. It fully maintains the quality of the service and prevents tracking users permanently, penetrating their privacy, revealing their whereabouts, or discovering additional details about the nature of their behavior and movements. Our approach is based on creating a central Nicknames Pool in the cloud as well as distributed subpools in fog nodes to avoid intelligent delays and overloading of the central architecture. Finally, we will prove by simulation and discussion by examples the superiority of the proposed approach and its ability to adapt to new services and provide an effective level of protection. In the comparison, we will rely on the wellknown privacy criteria: Entropy, Ubiquity, and Performance.

• IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.133-139
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• 2017

Vehicles have increasingly evolved and become intelligent with convergence of information and communications technologies (ICT). Vehicle communications (VC) has become one of the major necessities for intelligent vehicles. However, VC suffers from serious security problems that hinder its commercialization. Hence, the IEEE 1609 Wireless Access Vehicular Environment (WAVE) protocol defines a security service for VC. This service includes Advanced Encryption Standard-Counter with CBC-MAC (AES-CCM) for data encryption in VC. A high-speed AES-CCM crypto module is necessary, because VC requires a fast communication rate between vehicles. In this study, we propose and implement an efficient AES-CCM hardware architecture for high-speed VC. First, we propose a 32-bit substitution table (S_Box) to reduce the AES module latency. Second, we employ key box register files to save key expansion results. Third, we save the input and processed data to internal register files for secure encryption and to secure data from external attacks. Finally, we design a parallel architecture for both cipher block chaining message authentication code (CBC-MAC) and the counter module in AES-CCM to improve performance. For implementation of the field programmable gate array (FPGA) hardware, we use a Xilinx Virtex-5 FPGA chip. The entire operation of the AES-CCM module is validated by timing simulations in Xilinx ISE at a speed of 166.2 MHz.