IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing

The Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers (대한전자공학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Efficient FPGA Implementation of AES-CCM for IEEE 1609.2 Vehicle Communications Security

  • Received : 2017.01.09
  • Accepted : 2017.01.27
  • Published : 2017.04.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Vehicles have increasingly evolved and become intelligent with convergence of information and communications technologies (ICT). Vehicle communications (VC) has become one of the major necessities for intelligent vehicles. However, VC suffers from serious security problems that hinder its commercialization. Hence, the IEEE 1609 Wireless Access Vehicular Environment (WAVE) protocol defines a security service for VC. This service includes Advanced Encryption Standard-Counter with CBC-MAC (AES-CCM) for data encryption in VC. A high-speed AES-CCM crypto module is necessary, because VC requires a fast communication rate between vehicles. In this study, we propose and implement an efficient AES-CCM hardware architecture for high-speed VC. First, we propose a 32-bit substitution table (S_Box) to reduce the AES module latency. Second, we employ key box register files to save key expansion results. Third, we save the input and processed data to internal register files for secure encryption and to secure data from external attacks. Finally, we design a parallel architecture for both cipher block chaining message authentication code (CBC-MAC) and the counter module in AES-CCM to improve performance. For implementation of the field programmable gate array (FPGA) hardware, we use a Xilinx Virtex-5 FPGA chip. The entire operation of the AES-CCM module is validated by timing simulations in Xilinx ISE at a speed of 166.2 MHz.

Keywords

References

  1. R. A. Uzcategui and G. Acosta-Marum, "WAVE: A Tutorial," IEEE Communications Magazine, May 2009, pp. 126-133.
  2. IEEE Std. 1609.2-2013. (April, 2013.) IEEE Standard for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments Security Services for Applications and Management Messages. Accessed Aug. 2014.
  3. T. Zhang and L. Delgrossi, Vehicle Safety Communications: Protocols, Security, and Privacy, Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley Sons, Inc., 2012.
  4. P. Papadimitratos, "Secure Vehicular Communication Systems: Design and Architecture," IEEE Communication Magazine, vol. 46, no. 11, 2008, pp. 100-109. https://doi.org/10.1109/MCOM.2008.4689252
  5. G. Yan, S. Olariu, and M. C. Weigle, "Providing VANET Security Through Active Position Detection," Computer Communications, vol. 31, no. 12, July 2008, pp. 2883-2897. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comcom.2008.01.009
  6. N. Wang and Y. Huang, "A Novel Secure Communication Scheme in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks," Computer Communications, vol. 31, no. 12, July 208, pp. 2827-2837. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comcom.2007.12.003
  7. M. Faezipour, M. Nourani, A. Saeed, and S. Addepalli, "Progress and Challenges in Intelligent Vehicle Area Networks," Communications of the ACM, vol. 55, no. 2, Feb. 2012, pp. 90-1000. https://doi.org/10.1145/2076450.2076470
  8. I. Algredo-Badillo et al, "Efficient Hardware Architecture for the AES-CCM Protocol of the IEEE 802.11i Standard", Computers & Electrical Engineering, 2010, pp. 565-577.
  9. T. Schutze, "Automotive Security: Cryptography for Car2X Communication," tech. rep., Rodhe & Schwarz, Germany, Mar. 2011, pp. 1-16.
  10. E. Schoch and F. Kargl, "On the Efficiency of Secure Beaconing in VANETs," The 3rd ACM Conference on Wireless Network Security, Mar. 2010, pp. 111-116.
  11. Y. Wang et al., "Throughput and Delay Limits of 802.11p and its Influence on Highway Capacity," Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, vol. 96, Nov. 2013, pp. 2096-2104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.08.236
  12. W. Stallings, Cryptography and Network Security Principles and Practices, 4th ed. Prentice Hall, 2005.
  13. NIST FIPS-197. Advanced Encryption Standard. Accessed Aug. 2014.
  14. NIST SP 800-38C. Recommendation for Block Cipher Modes of Operation: The CCM Mode for Authentication and Confidentiality. Accessed Aug. 2014.
  15. Xilinx. XST User Guide for Virtex-4, Virtex-5, Spartan-3, and Newer CPLD Devices. Accessed Aug. 2014.
  16. Xilinx. ChipScope Pro Software and Cores User Guide. Accessed Aug. 2014.
  17. A. Aziz, A. Samiah, and N. Ikram, "A Secure Framework for Robust Secure Wireless Network (RSN) using AES-CCMP," The fourth International Bhurban Conference on Applied Sciences and Technology, 2005.
  18. N. Smyth, M. McLoone, and J. V. McCanny, "WLAN Security Processor," IEEE Trans. on Circ. and Syst.-I, 2006, pp. 1506-1520.
  19. H. Rha and H. Choi, "Efficient Pipelined Multistream AES CCMP Architecture for Wireless LAN," International Conference on Information Science and Applications (ICISA), May 2012, pp. 1-5.