• Title/Summary/Keyword: Vehicle-to-Vehicle

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The Analysis of Evergreen Tree Area Using UAV-based Vegetation Index (UAV 기반 식생지수를 활용한 상록수 분포면적 분석)

  • Lee, Geun-Sang
    • Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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    • v.47 no.1
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    • pp.15-26
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    • 2017
  • The decrease of green space according to the urbanization has caused many environmental problems as the destruction of habitat, air pollution, heat island effect. With interest growing in natural view recently, proper management of evergreen tree which is lived even the winter season has been on the rise importantly. This study analyzed the distribution area of evergreen tree using vegetation index based on unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). Firstly, RGB and NIR+RG camera were loaded in fixed-wing UAV and image mosaic was achieved using GCPs based on Pix4d SW. And normalized differences vegetation index (NDVI) and soil adjusted vegetation index (SAVI) was calculated by band math function from acquired ortho mosaic image. validation points were applied to evaluate accuracy of the distribution of evergreen tree for each range value and analysis showed that kappa coefficient marked the highest as 0.822 and 0.816 respectively in "NDVI > 0.5" and "SAVI > 0.7". The area of evergreen tree in "NDVI > 0.5" and "SAVI > 0.7" was $11,824m^2$ and $15,648m^2$ respectively, that was ratio of 4.8% and 6.3% compared to total area. It was judged that UAV could supply the latest and high resolution information to vegetation works as urban environment, air pollution, climate change, and heat island effect.

Analysis of Surface Temperature Characteristics by Land Surface Fabrics Using UAV TIR Images (UAV 열적외 영상을 활용한 피복재질별 표면온도 특성 분석)

  • SONG, Bong-Geun;KIM, Gyeong-Ah;SEO, Kyeong-Ho;LEE, Seung-Won;PARK, Kyung-Hun
    • Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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    • v.21 no.3
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    • pp.162-175
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    • 2018
  • The purpose of this study was to analyze the surface temperature of surface fabrics using UAV TIR images, to mitigate problems in the thermal environment of urban areas. Surface temperature values derived from UAV images were compared with those measured in-situ during the similar period as when the images were taken. The difference in the in-situ measured and UAV image derived surface temperatures is the highest for gray colored concrete roof fabrics, at $17^{\circ}C$, and urethane fabrics show the lowest difference, at $0.3^{\circ}C$. The experiment power of the scatter plot of in-situ measured and UAV image derived surface temperatures was 63.75%, indicating that the correlation between the two is high. The surface fabrics with high temperature are metal roofs($48.9^{\circ}C$), urethane($43.4^{\circ}C$), and gray colored concrete roofs($42.9^{\circ}C$), and those with low temperature are barren land($30.2^{\circ}C$), area with trees and lawns($30.2^{\circ}C$), and white colored concrete roofs($34.9^{\circ}C$). These results show that accurate analysis of the thermal characteristics of surface fabrics is possible using UAV images. In future, it will be necessary to increase the usability of UAV images via comparison with in-situ data and linkage to satellite imagery.

The Utilization Probability Model of Expressway Service Area based on Individual Travel Behaviors Using Vehicle Trajectory Data (차량궤적자료를 활용한 통행행태 기반 고속도로 휴게소 이용 확률 모형 개발)

  • Bang, DaeHwan;Lee, YoungIhn;Chang, HyunHo;Han, DongHee
    • The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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    • v.17 no.4
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    • pp.63-75
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    • 2018
  • A Service Area plays an important role in preventing accidents in advance by creating a space for long distance drivers or drowsy drivers to rest. Therefore, proper positioning of the expressway service area is essential, and it is important to analyze accurate demand forecasting and user travel behavior. Thus, this study analysis travel behavior and developed odel of the probability of using the service area by using the DSRC data collected by the RSE on the highway. According to the analysis, the usage behavior of highway service areas was most frequently when travel time was 90 minutes or more on weekdays and 70 minutes or more on weekends. The utilization rate of the service area estimated from the probability model of use of the rest area in this study was 1 % to 2 % error. The results of this study are meaningful in analyzing the behavior of the use of rest areas using the structured data and can be used as a differentiated strategy for selecting the location of rest areas and enhancing the service level of users.

Susceptibility of Spodoptera exigua to UVA Insecticides Using Agricultural Multi-copter on Cabbage Field (농업용 멀티콥터를 활용한 무인항공기용 작물보호제에 대한 배추 파밤나방의 약제감수성)

  • Park, Bueyong;Lee, Sang-Ku;Jeong, In-Hong;Park, Se-Keun;Lee, Sang-Bum;Kim, Gil-Hah
    • Korean journal of applied entomology
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    • v.58 no.4
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    • pp.271-280
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    • 2019
  • We investigated the control efficacy and phytotoxicity of unmanned aerial vehicle-applied pesticides against the insect Spodoptera exigua, a major emerging pest in Chinese cabbage. Phytotoxicity was investigated in cabbage and 7 crops cultivated in the perconducted on 8 surrounding crops including Chinese cabbage at 1 to 2 times the recommended pesticide dosage. We treated cabbage fields with spinetoram suspension concentrate (16×), methoxyfenozide, sulfoxaflor suspension concentrate (16×). Then, we used water-sensitive paper to measure the distribution pattern of falling pesticide particles and the degree of coverage. Two of the pesticides showed 97% control efficacy, however, control efficacy might differ in resistant populations. Phytotoxicity was not observed in Chinese cabbage and the 7 surrounding crops treated with 1 to 2 times the recommended pesticide dosage. Analysis of the distribution pattern of falling pesticide particles revealed that breeze caused particle diffusion. Thus, wind is an important factor affecting the uniform treatment and diffusion of multicopter-applied pesticides. It follows that setting optimal conditions is necessary for effective control and treatment.

Simulation of Sensor Measurements for Location Estimation of an Underwater Vehicle (수중 운반체 위치 추정 센서의 측정 시뮬레이션)

  • Han, Jun Hee;Ko, Nak Yong;Choi, Hyun Taek;Lee, Chong Moo
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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    • v.26 no.3
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    • pp.208-217
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    • 2016
  • This paper describes a simulation method to generate sensor measurements for location estimation of an underwater robot. Field trial of a navigation method of an underwater robot takes much time and expenses and it is difficult to change the environment of the field trial as desired to test the method in various situations. Therefore, test and verification of a navigation method through simulation is inevitable for underwater environment. This paper proposes a method to generate sensor measurements of range, depth, velocity, and attitude taking the uncertainties of measurements into account through simulation. The uncertainties are Gaussian noise, outlier, and correlation between the measurement noise. Also, the method implements uncertainty in sampling time of measurements. The method is tested and verified by comparing the uncertainty parameters calculated statistically from the generated measurements with the designed uncertainty parameters. The practical feasibility of the measurement data is shown by applying the measurement data for location estimation of an underwater robot.

Participation of Central $P2X_7$ Receptors in CFA-induced Inflammatory Pain in the Orofacial Area of Rats

  • Yang, Kui-Ye;Kim, Myung-Dong;Ju, Jin-Sook;Kim, Min-Ji;Ahn, Dong-Kuk
    • International Journal of Oral Biology
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    • v.39 no.1
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    • pp.49-56
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    • 2014
  • We investigated the role of central P2X receptors in inflammatory pain transmission in the orofacial area in rats. Experiments were carried out using male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 230-280g. Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA, $40{\mu}L$) was applied subcutaneously to the vibrissa pad to produce inflammatory pain. The intracisternal administration of iso-PPADS tetrasodium salt, a non-selective P2X receptor antagonist, A317491 sodium salt hydrate, a $P2X_{2/3}$ receptor antagonist, 5-BDBD, a $P2X_4$ receptor antagonist, or A438079 hydrochloride, a $P2X_7$ receptor antagonist, was performed 5 days after CFA injection. Subcutaneous injections of CFA produced increases in thermal hypersensitivity. Intracisternal injections of iso-PPADS ($25{\mu}g$) or A438079 (25 or $50{\mu}g$) produced significant anti-hyperalgesic effects against thermal stimuli compared to the vehicle group. A317491 or 5-BDBD did not affect the head withdrawal latency times in rats showing an inflammatory response. Subcutaneous injections of CFA resulted in the up-regulation of OX-42, a microglia marker, and GFAP, an astrocyte marker, in the medullary dorsal horn. The intracisternal administration of A438079 reduced the numbers of activated microglia and astrocytes in the medullary dorsal horn. These results suggest that a blockade of the central $P2X_7$ receptor produces antinociceptive effects, mediated by inhibition of glial cell function in the medullary dorsal horn. These data also indicate that central $P2X_7$ receptors are potential targets for future therapeutic approaches to inflammatory pain in the orofacial area.

An Analysis on Vehicle Accident Factors of Intersections using Random Effects Tobit Regression Model (Random Effects Tobit 회귀모형을 이용한 교차로 교통사고 요인 분석)

  • Lee, Sang Hyuk;Lee, Jung-Beom
    • The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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    • v.16 no.1
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    • pp.26-37
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    • 2017
  • The study is to develop safety performance functions(SPFs) for urban intersections using random effects Tobit regression model and to analyze correlations between crashes and factors. Also fixed effects Tobit regression model was estimated to compare and analyze model validation with random effects model. As a result, AADT, speed limits, number of lanes, land usage, exclusive right turn lanes and front traffic signal were found to be significant. For comparing statistical significance between random and fixed effects model, random effects Tobit regression model of total crash rate could be better statistical significance with $R^2_p$ : 0.418, log-likelihood at convergence: -3210.103, ${\rho}^2$: 0.056, MAD: 19.533, MAPE: 75.725, RMSE: 26.886 comparing with $R^2_p$ : 0.298, log-likelihood at convergence: -3276.138, ${\rho}^2$: 0.037, MAD: 20.725, MAPE: 82.473, RMSE: 27.267 for the fixed model. Also random effects Tobit regression model of injury crash rate has similar results of model statistical significant with random effects Tobit regression model.

Study on Review of e-Call Introduction Plan and Analysis of Introduction Effect (e-Call 도입방법 및 도입 효과분석 연구)

  • Han, Kyeung-hee;Hwang, Jae-Seong;Kim, Do-Kyeong;Lee, Choul-Ki
    • The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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    • v.18 no.6
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    • pp.211-221
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    • 2019
  • The death toll for every 10,000 cars registered in Korea is 1.4, which is still the lowest among OECD members, and the need for rescue and response systems is emerging. In response, the company is developing a vehicle ICT-based emergency rescue system (e-Call) that can handle accidents such as rapid and accurate life saving by automatically sending accident detection and related information to the central center in the event of a traffic accident. However, ordinary citizens are negative about the installation and cost of e-Call services. To solve these problems, various introduction and operation methods of e-Call were proposed for activation of terminal distribution. In addition, the effect of introducing e-Call was analyzed by predicting the penetration rate of e-Call terminals. Analysis shows that 463 to 926 deaths and 3,335 to 6,66.9 billion won will be saved in 10 years after the introduction of e-Call terminals.

Development of a Multi-step Stamping Process for the Effective Fabrication of a Thin Sheet for High Aspect Ratio Corrugated Structures (고세장비 연속주름을 갖는 박판구조물 제작을 위한 다단성형공정 개발)

  • Choi, Sung-Woo;Park, Sang-Hu;Jeong, Ho-Seung;Min, June-Kee;Jeong, Jae-Hun;Cho, Jong-Rae;Kim, Hyun-June;Willians, Paul
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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    • v.34 no.2
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    • pp.219-226
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    • 2010
  • The stamping process is widely used in fabricating various sheet-parts for vehicle, airplane, and electronic devices due to its low processing cost and high productivity. Recently the use of thin sheets with corrugated structures has rapidly increased for the production of energy devices, e.g., heat exchangers and fuel cells. However, it is very difficult to make corrugated structures directly in the stamping process due to their geometrical complexity. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a multi-step stamping process with a combined heat treatment process: a sequence of the first stamping, heat treatment, and second stamping. By multi-stamping, we obtained successful results in fabricating very thin corrugated structures with thicknesses of $100{\mu}m$; these are applicable as part of a plate-type heat exchanger.

Automatic Generation Method of Road Data based on Spatial Information (공간정보에 기반한 도로 데이터 자동생성 방법)

  • Joo, In-Hak;Choi, Kyoung-Ho;Yoo, Jae-Jun;Hwang, Tae-Hyun;Lee, Jong-Hun
    • Journal of Korea Spatial Information System Society
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    • v.4 no.2 s.8
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    • pp.55-64
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    • 2002
  • VEfficient generation of road data is one of the most important issues in GIS (Geographic Information System). In this paper, we propose a hybrid approach for automatic generation of road data by combining mobile mapping and image processing techniques. Mobile mapping systems have a form of vehicle equipped with CCD camera, GPS, and INS. They can calculate absolute position of objects that appear in acquired image by photogrammetry, but it is labor-intensive and time-consuming. Automatic road detection methods have been studied also by image processing technology. However, the methods are likely to fail because of obstacles and exceptive conditions in the real world. To overcome the problems, we suggest a hybrid method for automatic road generation, by exploiting both GPS/INS data acquired by mobile mapping system and image processing algorithms. We design an estimator to estimate 3-D coordinates of road line and corresponding location in an image. The estimation process reduces complicated image processing operations that find road line. The missing coordinates of road line due to failure of estimation are obtained by cubic spline interpolation. The interpolation is done piecewise, separated by rapid change such as road intersection. We present experimental results of the suggested estimation and interpolation methods with image sequences acquired by mobile mapping system, and show that the methods are effective in generation of road data.

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