• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• 제9권6호
• /
• pp.327-332
• /
• 2005

The preventive effects of gene transfer of human copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/ZnSOD) on the development of cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) were examined usin a rat model of SAH. An experimental SAH was produced by injecting autologous arterial blood twice into the cisterna magna, and the changes in the diameter of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) were measured. Rats subjected to SAH exhibited a decreased diameter with an increased wall thickness of MCA that were significantly ameliorated by pretreatment with diphenyleneiodonium (DPI, $10{\mu}M$), an inhibitor of NAD(P)H oxidase. Furthermore, application of recombinant adenovirus ($100{\mu}l$ of $1{\times}10^{10}$ pfu/ml, intracisternally), which encodes human Cu/ZnSOD, 3 days before SAH prevented the development of SAH-induced vasospasm. Our findings demonstrate that SAH-induced cerebral vasospasm is closely related with NAD(P)H oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species, and these alterations can be prevented by the recombinant adenovirus-mediated transfer of human Cu/ZnSOD gene to the cerebral vasculature.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
• /
• 제39권5호
• /
• pp.188-207
• /
• 2018

Recently, three-dimensional (3D) printing of biological tissues and organ has become an attractive interdisciplinary research topic that combines a broad range of fields including engineering, biomaterials science, cell biology, physics, and medicine. The 3D bioprinting can be used to produce complex tissue engineering scaffolds based on computer designs obtained from patient-specific anatomical data. It is a powerful tool for building structures by printing cells together with matrix materials and biochemical factors in spatially predefined positions within confined 3D structures. In the field of the 3D bioprinting, three major categories of the 3D bioprinting include the stereolithography-based, inkjet-based, and dispensing-based bioprinting. Some of them have made significant process. Each technique has its own advantages and limitations. Compared with non-biological printing, the 3D bioprinting should consider additional complexities: biocompatibility, degradability of printing materials, cell types, cell growth, cell viability, and cell proliferation factors. Numerous 3D bioprinting technologies have been proposed, and some of them have been making great progress in printing several tissues including multilayered skin, cartilaginous structures, bone, vasculature even heart and liver. This review summarizes basic principles and key aspects of some frequently utilized printing technologies, and introduces current challenges, and prospects in the 3D bioprinting.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국정보통신학회 2015년도 춘계학술대회
• /
• pp.622-624
• /
• 2015

암 세포 주변의 저산소증은 방사선, 항암치료제, 절제술 등을 이용한 항암치료법에 중요한 역할을 하는데, 특히 암세포 주변의 모세혈관 내에서의 산소의 이동 분석은 암의 발달 및 전이, 주변 혈관의 생성과 변이에 직간접적 영향을 미친다. 따라서 현재 암 병변 주변의 모세혈관 내 헤모글로빈 산소포화도를 측정하고 혈관의 생성 및 변이상태를 측정하는 연구가 활발하게 진행되고 있지만, 대부분의 계측장비는 침습적인 방법으로 진행되며, 해상도 또한 기대이하의 공간 및 시간영역을 제공하는 한계가 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 비침습적 헤모글로빈 산소포화도 이미지와 다양한 이미지프로세싱 기법을 이용하여 실시간 혈관변화의 분석을 통해 암 혈관 생성 및 변이의 특성을 제공할 수 있는 초분광 이미징 시스템 활용 방법을 제시하고자 한다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• 제59권8호
• /
• pp.341-345
• /
• 2016

Purpose: Venous angioma (VA) is the most common congenital abnormality of the intracranial vasculature. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between VA and epilepsy and to identify the characteristics of children with VA and epilepsy. Methods: The records of all patients aged less than 18 years who underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at Pusan National University Hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with isolated VA and patients with normal MRI were compared in terms of the prevalence of epilepsy. Results: In total, 2,385 pediatric patients who underwent brain MRI were enrolled. Isolated VA was identified in 26 patients (VA group). Among the patients with normal MRI findings, 225 age- and sexmatched patients to the VA-group were assigned to the control group. Nine patients in the VA group (9 of 26, 34.6%) and 27 patients in the control group (26 of 225, 11.5%; P<0.001) had epilepsy. In the VA group, 20 patients (76.9%) had the VA in the cerebral hemispheres, and 6 patients (23.1%) had the VA in the brainstem and cerebellum. The latter showed a higher prevalence of epilepsy (5 of 6, 83.3%) than the former (4 of 20, 20.0%; P=0.004). Among the nine patients who had epilepsy with VA, patients whose VA involved the brainstem and cerebellum showed a significantly higher frequency of abnormal Electroencephalographic findings than patients whose VA involved the cerebral hemispheres (P=0.016). Conclusion: VA, especially in the brainstem and cerebellum, might be associated with epilepsy.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• 제60권2호
• /
• pp.38-44
• /
• 2017

Purpose: Kawasaki disease (KD) is an immune-related multisystemic vasculitis that occurs in children, especially ensuing from a coronary artery abnormality. Sodium level is known to be related to vascular injury, which could affect the progress of KD. The purpose of this study was to determine the serum sodium levels that could predict the occurrence of cardiac and coronary artery events in KD. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of medical records for 104 patients with KD from January 2015 to December 2015. Patients with serum Na levels of <135 mEq/L at the time of initial diagnosis were assigned to the hyponatremia group. Laboratory findings and echocardiographic data were analyzed for various aspects. Results: Among the 104 patients with KD, 91 were included in the study, of whom 48 (52.7%) had hyponatremia. The degree of fever, white blood cell count, percentage of neutrophils, percentage of lymphocytes, total bilirubin level, brain natriuretic peptide level, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and C-reactive protein level were higher in the patients with hyponatremia. They also demonstrated a trend of larger coronary artery diameters based on Z scores. Conclusion: The severity of vascular inflammation in acute KD with hyponatremia might worsen the prognosis of coronary vasculature. Although no statistically significant correlation was found between the initial serum sodium levels and coronary arteriopathy in the patients with KD in this study, a long-term follow-up study with a larger number of enrolled patients should be designed in the future to elucidate the relationship between serum sodium level and coronary arteriopathy in patients with KD.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• 제63권8호
• /
• pp.301-309
• /
• 2020

Human breast milk (HBM) is essential for the infant's growth and development right after birth and is an irreplaceable source of nutrition for early human survival. Various infant formulas have many similarities to HBM in many components, but there is no perfect substitute for HBM. Recently, various breast milk components and their roles have been studied according to the development of various analysis techniques. As is already well known, HBM contains about 87%-88% water, and 124-g/L solid components as macronutrients, including about 7% (60-70 g/L) carbohydrates, 1% (8-10 g/L) protein, and 3.8% (35-40 g/L) fat. The composition may vary depending on the environmental factors, including maternal diet. Colostrum is low in fat but high in protein and relatively rich in immuneprotective components. Although HBM contains enough vitamins to ensure normal growth of the infant, vitamins D and K may be insufficient, and the infant may require their supplementation. Growth factors in HBM also serve as various bioactive proteins and peptides on the intestinal tract, vasculature, nervous system, and endocrine system. In the past, HBM of a healthy mother was thought to be sterile. However, several subsequent studies have confirmed the presence of rich and diverse microbial communities in HBM. Some studies suggested that the genera Staphylococcus and Streptococcus may be universally predominant in HBM, but the origin of microbiota still remains controversial. Lastly, milk is the one of most abundant body fluid of microRNAs, which are known to play a role in various functions, such as immunoprotection and developmental programming, through delivering from HBM and absorption by intestinal epithelial cells. In conclusion, HBM is the most important source of nutrition for infants and includes microbiomes and miRNAs for growth, development, and immunity.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• 제20권4호
• /
• pp.266-275
• /
• 2015

Exposure to cadmium (Cd) has harmful effects on the liver and kidney. Resveratrol (RES) is an herbal substance that functions as a protective mediator. This study aimed to investigate the effects of RES on the histology of liver and kidney in Cd-exposed mice. Male mice were divided into 4 groups daily receiving normal saline (1 mL normal saline/d), Cd (1 mg/kg/d), RES (20 mg/kg/d), and Cd plus RES, respectively. After 4 weeks, the liver and kidney components were evaluated using stereological methods. The total volume and number of hepatocytes, and volume of fibrous tissue were respectively increased by 34%, 58%, and a 3-fold in the Cd-exposed mice in comparison to the control animals (P<0.03). On the other hand, the volume of the main vasculature (sinusoids and central veins) was decreased by 36% in the Cd group compared to the control mice (P<0.03). Considering the kidney, the results showed a 3-fold increase in the total glomeruli volume and a 7-fold increase in fibrous tissue in the Cd-treated group compared to the control mice (P<0.03). After Cd treatment, a 32% reduction was observed in the volume and length of the proximal and distal convoluted tubules. RES-treatment alone did not induce any structural changes. In comparison to the Cd group, an increase in the normal components of the liver and kidney and a decrease in the formation of the fibrous and degenerated tissues were observed in the Cd+RES-treated mice (P<0.03).

• The Korean Journal of Pain
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.57-62
• /
• 1996

Stellate ganglion block(SGB) improves cutaneous blood flow of the head and neck region and upper extremity. For this reason, SGB has been performed in neural and circulatory disorders. But there is controversy on the cerebral blood flow regulation by sympathetic innervation. We investigated the hypothesis that cerebral blood flow could be affected by blocking ipsilateral sympathetic innervation of cerebral blood flow could be affected by blocking ipsilateral sympathetic innervation of cerebral vasculature. In 10 volunteers, the blood flow velocity and pulsatility index(PI) of middle cerebral artery(MCA) was measured using Transcranial Doppler Flowmeter, before and 15 minutes after SGB, at block side and opposite side. The blood flow velocity of MCA at block side was increased from $62.60{\pm}7.60$ cm/s to $72.80{\pm}8.01$ cm/s(P<0.01) and the PI at block side decreased from $0.75{\pm}0.12$ to $0.60{\pm}0.11$(P<0.05). But the blood flow velocity and PI at opposite side did not change. This study demonstrated that the cerebral blood flow could be increased by SGB, the preganglionic nerve fibers of which synapse with other cervical sympathetic ganglions.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• 제41권5호
• /
• pp.542-547
• /
• 2014

Background Abdominal wall free flaps are used most frequently in autologous breast reconstruction, and these flaps require intact and robust deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) vessels. Pfannenstiel incisions are often present during preoperative visits for breast reconstruction and could potentially signal compromised blood supply to the lower abdominal wall. In this study, we compared the number of DIEP vessels between patients with and without Pfannenstiel incisions undergoing autologous breast reconstruction. Methods A retrospective review of medical records was performed for patients with (study) and without (control) Pfannelstiel incisions (n=34 for each group) between June 2010 and July 2013. In addition to patient demographics, number of caesarian sections, and outcomes of free flap reconstruction, abdominal wall vasculature was compared using the preoperative computed tomography angiographic data between the groups. For each patient, vessels measuring greater than 1 mm were counted and divided into four sections of the lower abdominal wall. Results The mean number of perforator vessels was 10.6 in the study group and 11.4 in the control group, which was not statistically different (P=0.575). Pfannenstiel incisions with history of repeat caesarian sections were not associated with decreased number of perforator vessels. Conclusions Pfannenstiel scars are associated with neither a change in the number of DIEP vessels nor decreased viability of a free transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous and DIEP flap. Lower abdominal free flaps based on DIEP vessels appear safe even in patients who have had multiple caesarian sections through Pfannenstiel incisions.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• 제53권2호
• /
• pp.73-78
• /
• 2020

Background: As the population of patients with end-stage renal disease has grown older, the proportion of patients with poorly preserved vasculature has concomitantly increased. Thus, arteriovenous grafts (AVG) have been used more frequently to access blood vessels for hemodialysis. Despite this increasing demand, studies of AVG are limited. In this study, we examined the surgical outcomes of upper-limb AVG creation. Methods: Among the arteriovenous fistula formation procedures performed between January 2014 and March 2019 at Dankook University Hospital, 42 cases involved AVG creation. We compared patients in whom the axillary vein was used (group A; brachioaxillary AVG [B-Ax AVG]; n=20) with those in whom upper limb veins were used (group B; brachiobasilic AVG or brachioantecubital AVG; n=22). Results: The 1-year primary patency rate was higher in group A than in group B (57.9% vs. 41.7%; p=0.262). The incidence of postoperative complications was not significantly different between groups. Conclusion: AVG using the axillary vein showed no major differences in safety or functionality compared to AVG using other veins. Therefore, accounting for age, underlying disease, and expected patient lifespan, B-Ax AVG can be considered an acceptable surgical method.