• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.102-106
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• 2013

Emerging evidence suggests that gap formation and opening of the endothelial junctions during leukocyte extravasation is actively controlled to maintain the integrity of the vascular barrier. While the role for endothelial cells to this process has been well defined, it is not clear whether leukocytes are also actively contributing to endothelial barrier function. We have recently showed that extravasating leukocytes deposit microparticles on the subendothelium during the late stages of extravasation, which is LFA-1 dependent. Using multiphotonintravital microscopy (MP-IVM) of mouse cremaster muscle vessels in the current work, we show that microparticle formation and deposition maintains the integrity of the microvascular barrier during leukocyte extravasation. Inhibition of neutrophil-derived microparticle formation resulted in dramatically increased vascular leakage. These findings suggest that deposition of microparticles during neutrophil extravasation is essential for maintaining endothelial barrier function and may result in temporal difference between neutrophil extravasation and an increase in vascular leakage.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.474-483
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• 2019

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a pivotal role in pathologic ocular neovascularization and vascular leakage via activation of VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2). This study was undertaken to evaluate the therapeutic mechanisms and effects of the tetrapeptide Arg-Leu-Tyr-Glu (RLYE), a VEGFR2 inhibitor, in the development of vascular permeability and choroidal neovascularization (CNV). In cultured human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs), treatment with RLYE blocked VEGF-A-induced phosphorylation of VEGFR2, Akt, ERK, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), leading to suppression of VEGF-A-mediated hyper-production of NO. Treatment with RLYE also inhibited VEGF-A-stimulated angiogenic processes (migration, proliferation, and tube formation) and the hyperpermeability of HRMECs, in addition to attenuating VEGF-A-induced angiogenesis and vascular permeability in mice. The anti-vascular permeability activity of RLYE was correlated with enhanced stability and positioning of the junction proteins VE-cadherin, ${\beta}$-catenin, claudin-5, and ZO-1, critical components of the cortical actin ring structure and retinal endothelial barrier, at the boundary between HRMECs stimulated with VEGF-A. Furthermore, intravitreally injected RLYE bound to retinal microvascular endothelium and inhibited laser-induced CNV in mice. These findings suggest that RLYE has potential as a therapeutic drug for the treatment of CNV by preventing VEGFR2-mediated vascular leakage and angiogenesis.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.80-85
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• 1993

Synthetic and biosynthetic vascular grafts of small diameter have long been considered to be prone to thrombosis, ultimately leading to the complete graft occlusion. Endothelial cell seeding onto synthetic blood-contacting surfaces has been suggested to be an ideal means to solve this problem. This study described a culture method of bovine endothelial cells and evaluated blood-compatibility and seeding efficiency of cultured endothelial cells. Bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells were harvested enzymatically and grown to confluence on polystyrene culture flask surfaces using established techniques. The identification of endothelial cells was made through the demonstration of expression of factor VIII R:Ag by immunofluorescent technique. To quantitate the effect of improvement in blood-compatibility of viable endothelial cells, endothelial monolayers were exposed to blood containing $\^$111/In-oxine labeled platelets. Viable endothelial monolayers retained less labeled platelets than control surfaces. The Indium-labeled endothelial cells were seeded onto three different blood-contacting surfaces of Dacron vascular graft immobilized in specially equipped wells and incubated for specific time intervals (t=15, 30, 60, 120 minutes). Longer incubation times showed improved cell adherence in collagen-coated and fibrin-coated Dacron vascular graft groups. However in untreated Dacron grafts, no direct relationship was observed between incubation time and endothelial cell seeding efficiency. This may be due to leakage of endothelial cells through porosity of Dacron grafts in this in-vitro experimental condition.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.343-355
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• 2002

Background : Although Samsoeum has been used frequently on allergic rhinitis, but there isn't any experimental research for that. Objective : This study was performed to investigate the anti-allergic effects of Samsoeum and Samsoeumgamibang. Materials and Methods : Katayama's method was used to observe the vascular permeability response induced by serotonin and histamine. Muller's method was used to observe the contact dermatitis response induced by picryl chloride. Miller's method was used to observe the delayed type hypersensitivity response to SRC. Results : 1. In the vascular permeability response to intradermal injection of serotonin, 2,600mg/kg, p.o. group of Samsoeum(蔘蘇飮), 1,300 and 2,600mg/kg, p.o. group of Samsoeumgamibang(蔘蘇飮加味方) showed significant inhibitory effects on the leakage of Evan's blue solution. 2. In the vascular permeability response to intradermal injection of histamine, 1,300 and 2,600mg/kg, p.o. group of Samsoeum, also 1,300 and 2,600mg/kg, p.o. group Samsoeumgamibang showed significant inhibitory effects on the leakage of Evan's blue solution. 3. In the contact dermatitis response induced by picryl chloride, 1,300 and 2,600mg/kg, p.o. group of Samsoeum, 1,300 and 2,600mg/kg, p.o. group of Samsoeumgamibang showed significant inhibitory effects on ear swelling formation. 4. In the delayed type hypersensitivity response to SRC. 2,600mg/kg, p.o. group of Samsoeum and 2,600mg/kg, p.o. group of Samsoeumgamibang showed significant inhibitory effects on foot swelling. Conclusion : This study shows that Samsoeum and Samsoeumgamibang may have anti-allergic effects. So Samsoeum and Samsoeurngamibang can be helpful to treat allergic rhinitis.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.24 no.1 s.44
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• pp.37-62
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• 1994

This study was undertaken to investigate the three dimensional vascular changes of periodontal ligament following orthodontic tooth movement. Experimental tooth movement was carried out in 96 Sprague-Dawley rats with the weight of 250g. They were divided into four experimental groups (each 24 rats). The left maxillary first molar was moved mesially with 25g force in group I, and with 75g force in group II. Each three animals were sacrificed after 1, 6, 12, 24 hours, and 3, 7, 14, 21 days. In group III, 25g mesial force was applied for 3 days, and in group IV, 75g mesial force was applied for 3 days. Then the appliances were removed, and each three animals were sacrificed after 1, 6, 12, 24 hours, and 3, 7, 14, 21 days from removal of appliance. The contralateral molars were used for control group. Casting media was injected via left ventricle and polymerized in warm water. After corrosion of surrounding soft tissue, three dimensional vascular changes were examined using scanning electron microscopy. The findings of this study were as follows: 1. Pressure side of group I and II showed degenerative vascular changes such as vascular compression, reduction of vasculature, leakage of casting media. But, regenerative changes were dominant after 7 days of tooth movement. Although the degenerative vascular changes were more severe in group II, which was exposed to heavy force, the timing of these changes was not different between two groups. 2. Periodontal vasculature was reestablished by the growth of new capillaries and their differentiation and union from the remaining periodontal vessels and vessels of alveolar bone marrow. Although vascular regeneration was more rapid in group I, which was exposed to light force, the vasculature was not fully normalized in both groups even after 21 days. 3. There was no remarkable changes in tension side of group I and II, but looping of capillary, new capillary growth, dilation of vessels, redirection of vessels in the direction of tensile force were occurred. 4. In pressure side of group III and IV, in which appliance was removed after 3 days of orthodontic force, bone resorption was continued even after removal of appliance. Regeneration of vasculature was initiated after 1-6 hours, and it was more rapid in group III than group IV. In both groups, the vasculature was not fully normalized even after 21 days. 5. After removal of appliance, tension side of group III and IV showed vascular compression and loss of vasculature.

• BMB Reports
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.255-262
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• 2016

The disease known as cerebral cavernous malformations mostly occurs in the central nervous system, and their typical histological presentations are multiple lumen formation and vascular leakage at the brain capillary level, resulting in disruption of the blood-brain barrier. These abnormalities result in severe neurological symptoms such as seizures, focal neurological deficits and hemorrhagic strokes. CCM research has identified 'loss of function' mutations of three ccm genes responsible for the disease and also complex regulation of multiple signaling pathways including the WNT/β-catenin pathway, TGF-β and Notch signaling by the ccm genes. Although CCM research is a relatively new and small scientific field, as CCM research has the potential to regulate systemic blood vessel permeability and angiogenesis including that of the blood-brain barrier, this field is growing rapidly. In this review, I will provide a brief overview of CCM pathogenesis and function of ccm genes based on recent progress in CCM research.

• Proceedings of the KACD Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.549-550
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• 2003

Pulpal inflammation is a kind of neurogenic inflammation and it shows vascular changes such as vasodilation and changes in vascular leakage. Various kinds of neuropeptides including substance P (SP) are known to be involved in the pulpal inflammation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of NK1 receptor antagonists on the pulpal blood flow (PBF) when applied iontophoretically through the dentinal cavity of the teeth in order to understand whether iontophoretic ally applied NK1 receptor antagonists can control the pulpal inflammation.(omitted)

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.38 no.1 s.246
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• pp.72-75
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• 2005

A bronchopleural fistula after pulmonary resection is still showing high mortality and morbidity despite of advancing of treatment. Several treatment options have been developed including surgical treatment. In 1990, endobronchial closure using vascular occluding coils was introduced. These coils can occlude a bronchial air-leakage by mechani­cal obstruction as well as inducing fibrosis. We report, herein, the experience using a vascular occluding coils in treating postoperative bronchopleural fistula.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.477-479
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• 2010

A case of delayed progressive extradural pneumatocele after microvascular decompression (MVD) is presented. A 60-year-old male underwent MVD for hemifacial spasm; the mastoid air cell was opened and sealed with bone wax during surgery. One month after surgery, the patient complained of tinnitus, and progressive extradural pneumatoceles without cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage was observed. Revision surgery was performed and the opened mastoid air cell was completely sealed with muscle patch and glue. The patient's symptoms were resolved, with no recurrence of pneumatoceles at 6 month follow up. Progressive extradural pneumatocele without CSF leakage after posterior fossa surgery is a very rare complication. Previous reports and surgical management of this rare complication are discussed.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.31-52
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• 1993

The object of thes research is to lucidate the clinical effects of Gami-Cheongshimyeonjayeum on the anti-allergic and gimmune response to rats and mice. The obtaind results of Gami-Cheongshimyeonjayeum administration are as follows : 1. The cytotoxic index increased slightly at over concentration $1{\times}10^{-2}/ml$, but it is thought that the cytotoxic effect show no significant value under the concentration $1{\times}10^{-3}/ml$. 2. Gami-Cheongshimyeonjayeum water extract seems to suppress the leakage volume of Evans blue to decrease the vascular permeability. 3. Gami-Cheongshimyeonjayeum show the inhibitory effect of footpad edema. 4. Protein leakage is inhibited by the administration of Gami-Cheongshimyeonjayeum. 5. The delayed type hypersensitivity to SRBC is suppressed at the 24hours after the administration of Gami-Cheongshimyeonjayeum on the experimental group 1, 2. 6. Hemolysin and hemagglutinin titer, and RFC increase to bulid up the immune function.