• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2016

The two distinctive clinical features of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) are varicella (chickenpox) by primary infection and zoster (singles) by the reactivation of latent infection. In addition to the two typical clinical symptoms mentioned above, diverse clinical manifestations have been reported as a result of VZV reactivation, including chronic radicular pain without rash, visual loss, facial palsy, dysphagia, sore throat, odynophagia, otalgia, hearing loss, dizziness, headache, hemiplegia, etc. Most of these symptoms are derived from neuropathy and vasculopathy of affected nerves and arteries. Diagnosis of VZV disease can be difficult if there is no appearance of a skin rash during development of atypical symptoms. In addition to natural infection, vaccination and anti-viral agent treatment have influenced the changes of epidemics and clinical presentations of varicella and zoster. In this article, diverse clinical manifestations caused by VZV reactivation, particular without skin rash, are reviewed.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.210-213
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• 2005

Acute viral meningitis and myositis are rare complications of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) reactivation. A 71-years-old immunocompetent man, who presented with lower back pain radiating to the left lower extremities, developed vesicles on the L5 dermatomal area. The next day, he had complained of aberrant vesicles on the trunk, face and scalp, with generalized myalgia, headache and dizziness. He was confirmed with VZV meningitis and myositis, as demonstrated by the presence of VZV DNA in the blood and cerebral spinal fluid using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. PCR has been used in patients with a VZV infection associated neurological symptoms, and provides a useful tool for the early diagnosis of VZV-associated neurological disease. The patient was treated with bed rest, with intravenous acyclovir for the VZV infection, and intravenous Patient-controlled Analgesia for pain management and the prevention of postherpetic neuralgia. When he visited the outpatient department 3 months later, the skin lesion, leg pain, headache and myalgia had all improved, without sequelae. Here, this case is reported, with a discussion of the relevant literature on its diagnosis and management.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.169-172
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• 2007

본 증례는 안면의 수포성 병변과 함께 치조골 괴사에 의한 자연적인 치아 발거가 나타난 경우이다. 환자는 대상포진과 악골 골수염에 대해 치료를 받고, 매달 정기적으로 경과 관찰 중이며, 골수염의 재발 징후 및 증상은 보이지 않고 현재까지는 양호하게 치유되고 있다. VZV가 재발하지 않는 한 예후는 양호할 것으로 생각된다. 괴사골과 이환치의 발거를 시행한 무치악부위는 일반적인 가철성 국소의치를 통해 수복되고 있다. 그러나, 병소의 하악관의 침범으로 인해서 우측 하악 영역의 감각이상은 여전히 남아 있다.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.12-19
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• 2008

Varicella is a highly infectious disease caused by the varicella zoster virus. The varicella vaccine was developed by Michiaki Takahashi in Japan in 1974. Despite the worldwide distribution of efficient vaccines, varicella vaccination policy is extremely variable from country to country. Although varicella vaccine is not currently recommended for universal vaccination in Japan, most countries throughout Europe, and developing countries, it had been introduced into Korea in 1988 and 20 years have elapsed since its use. Currently, varicella vaccine has been most extensively used in the United States where routine 2-dose vaccination program has been recently implemented for children. Recent 2-dose schedule in the United States and the availability of combination measles-rubella-varicella vaccines may lead to future varicella vaccination policy changes in many countries. With this background, this article summarizes the current status of varicella vaccination policies worldwide and presents provisional updated recommendation of varicella vaccination in Korea.

• 대한기관식도과학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.222-230
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• 1999

Varicella-zoster virus(VZV) becomes latent in the sensory ganglia after primary infection and emerges from latency to cause zoster in adults. After primary infection, VZV remains latent in the dorsal spinal ganglia. The mechanisms responsible for its reactivation and the clinical entity of herpes zoster are poorly understood. Reactivation of VZV is commonly known to manifest as Ramsay Hunt syndrome which is one of the VZV-associated neurologic diseases with facial paralysis, ear pain, and a characteristic herpetic auricular rash. It is now known that lesions of this syndrome can affect all cranial nerves. Central, cervical and peripheral effects of this syndrome is polyneuropathic in nature. VZV usually involves the 5th and 7th cranial nerves and less commonly the lower cranial nerves such as 9th and 10th. We report a treated case of healthy 40 years old male with VZV infection of the 5th, 9th and 10th cranial nerves. The patient typically showed herpetic vesicles in the auricle and temporal bone area without facial paralysis.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.4-10
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• 2023

Herpes zoster (HZ) is a common disease in the aging population and immunocompromised individuals, with a lifetime risk of 20%-30% that increases with age. HZ is caused by reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), which remains latent in the spinal dorsal root ganglia and cranial sensory ganglia after resolution of the primary VZV infection. The main focus of HZ management is rapid recovery from VZV infection as well as the reduction and prevention of zoster-associated pain (ZAP) and postherpetic neuralgia (PHN). The use of antivirals against VZV is essential in the treatment of HZ. However, limited antivirals are only licensed clinically for the treatment of HZ, including acyclovir, valacyclovir, famciclovir, brivudine, and amenamevir. Fortunately, some new antivirals against different types of Herpesviridae have been investigated and suggested as novel drugs against VZV. Therefore, this review focuses on discussing the difference in efficacy and safety in the currently licensed antivirals for the treatment of HZ, the applicability of future novel antivirals against VZV, and the preventive or therapeutic effects of these antivirals on ZAP or PHN.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제52권5호
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• pp.607-610
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• 2009

수두 바이러스는 두 가지 임상 증후군을 유발하는 데, 초회 감염되면 수두를, 지각 신경절에 잠복해 있다가 재발하면 대상포진을 일으킨다. 수두백신이 널리 이용되면서 수두 이후의 대상포진 뿐만 아니라 수두백신 접종 후 발생한 대상포진도 관찰되고 있다. 수두바이러스에 의한 합병증으로는 2차 세균감염에 의한 농가진, 연조직염 등의 피부감염이 가장 흔하며 이외에도 호흡기계와 신경계의 합병증이 잘 알려져 있다. 또 수두 바이러스 감염 후의 합병증으로 심부정맥혈전증이 매우 드물게 보고되고 있다. 주로 혈관벽의 손상과 관련된 것으로 여겨지며 하지 정맥을 침범한다. 수두 감염된 심부정맥혈전증 증상을 보이는 환자에서 합병증을 의심하고 조기 진단하여 항응고치료를 하는 것이 추천된다. 이에 저자들은 수두 백신만 1회 접종한 환아에서 심부정맥혈전증을 동반한 대상포진이 발생하여 acyclovir 정맥주사와 저분자량 헤파린 피하주사로 회복되어 보고한다.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.188-193
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• 2007

대상포진 수막염은 대상포진 후 발생할 수 있는 신경학적 합병증으로 주로 면역 기능이 저하된 상태의 환자에게서 발생한다. 저자들은 면역 기능이 정상인 환아에서 피부 병변 없이, 수두 백신 접종을 한 경우 드물게 발생하는 대상포진 수막염 2례를 경험하였기에 보고하는 바이다.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.365-370
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• 2010

Herpes virus family is highly infectious to patients, their families and dentists. The diagnosis of herpes infection is based on the characteristic clinical appearance and the location of the lesions. Herpes Simplex Virus(HSV) usually acquired through direct contact with infected lesions or body fluids, and the prevalence of HSV infection increases progressively from childhood. Primary infections provoke herpetic gingivostomatis typically affects the tongue, lips, gingival, buccal mucosa and palate. Recurrent infections give rise to vesiculo-ulcerative lesions at vermilion border of lip(herpes labialis). In the form of chickenpox, Varicella Zoster Virus(VZV) usually is infected in childhood. VZV spreads in the affected primary afferent nerve to the skin and produces a vesicular rash and pain. Epstein-Barr Virus(EBV) infects B cells and cause infectious mononucleosis. Latent EBV infection has also been implicated in Burkitt lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Cytomegalovirus(CMV) is associated with immune-compromised patient such as organ transplantation and AIDS patients.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.110-117
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• 2022

대상포진은 소아에서 흔하지 않은 질환이며, 국외의 자료에서는 수두 백신 접종 정책 시행 후 대상포진의 발생률이 감소되었다. 저자들은 건강한 어린 소아에서 수두 백신 접종 후 발생한 대상포진 2예를 경험하였다. 특히 이중 1예에서는 피부 검체를 검사하여 대상포진이 백신주 varicella-zoster virus (VZV)에 의한 것을 확인하였다. 2예 모두 발진이 번지는 양상이어서 항바이러스제를 투여하였고 호전되었다. 수두 백신을 접종 받은 어린 소아가, 수두에 이환 되거나 노출된 적이 없으며, 대상포진이 발병하였을 경우 백신주에 의한 대상포진의 가능성을 고려해야 한다.