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http://dx.doi.org/10.14776/piv.2022.29.e10

Two Cases of Herpes Zoster Following Varicella Vaccination in Immunocompetent Young Children: One Case Caused by Vaccine-Strain  

Kim, Da-Eun (Department of Pediatrics, Seoul Medical Center)
Kang, Hae Ji (Division of Viral Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency)
Han, Myung-Guk (Division of Viral Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency)
Yeom, Hye-young (Department of Pediatrics, Seoul Medical Center)
Chang, Sung Hee (Department of Pediatrics, Seoul Medical Center)
Publication Information
Pediatric Infection and Vaccine / v.29, no.2, 2022 , pp. 110-117 More about this Journal
Abstract
Herpes zoster (HZ) has been reported in immunocompetent children who received the varicella vaccine. In vaccinated children, HZ can be caused by vaccine-strain or by wild-type varicella-zoster virus (VZV). Like wild-type VZV, varicella vaccine virus can establish latency and reactivate as HZ. We report two cases of HZ in otherwise healthy 16- and 14-month-old boys who received varicella vaccine at 12 months of age. They presented with a vesicular rash on their upper extremities three to four months after varicella vaccination. In one case, a swab was obtained by abrading skin vesicles and VZV was detected in skin specimens by polymerase chain reaction. The VZV open-reading frame 62 was sequenced and single nucleotide polymorphism analysis confirmed that the virus from skin specimen was vaccine-strain. This is the first HZ case following varicella vaccination confirmed to be caused by vaccine-strain VZV in the immunocompetent children in Korea. Pediatricians should be aware of the potential for varicella vaccine virus reactivation in vaccinated young children.
Keywords
Herpes zoster; Child; Chickenpox vaccine;
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