• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.201-214
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• 2017

Objective: This study is to examine the associations between fathers' values and future expectations on children and their self-evaluated equivalence to their spouses in child rearing practices. Methods: The data were from 997 fathers with young children who participated in the Panel Study of Korean Children (2013). The associations between variables were analyzed with frequency, correlations and hierarchical analysis using SPSS 20 Program. Results: Fathers with emotional values on children or future expectations focused on their children's happiness and altruism are more willing to share child raring practices with their partners. In contrast, fathers with expectation focused on future financial success of their children are less willing to share parenting with their partners. Conclusion/Implications: Fathers' values and future expectations for their children are meaningful predictors of shared parenting in married couples with young children. However, the directions of associations differ based on which types of values and future exportations fathers have regarding their children.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.222-230
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of family stressors, family strains, general family values, family values for hospitalized children and family hardiness on family adaptation based upon McCubbin's family resilience model for families of hospitalized children in China. Methods: A survey using a self-report questionnaire was conducted with 330 hospitalized children's parents. Six instruments were used in this model. The data were analyzed using SPSS WIN 19.0 and AMOS 19.0 program. Results: Family strain had a significant negative direct effect, general family values and family hardiness had a significant positive direct effect, and family values for hospitalized children had a significant positive direct effect and indirect effect on family adaptation of hospitalized children. Conclusion: In this study McCubbin's resilience model and resiliency factors were identified. According to the finding of this study nursing interventions to reduce family stress, enhance family hardiness and consolidate general family values and family values for hospitalized children can help to increase family adaptation in families of hospitalized children. Therefore, the significance of this study is that the results can be used to develop family nursing intervention programs based on family resilience to strengthen family adaptation in families of hospitalized children.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.125-142
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to examine the relations between maternal traditional-modern values, childrearing practices and children's social behaviors. The subjects were 500 fifth grade elementary school children and their mothers, and teachers, and peers in the same classroom. The data were collected through questionnaires on maternal traditional values, perceived maternal childrearing practices, and children's social behaviors. Traditional maternal values focused on familial collectivism and politeness. The major results were as follows: (1) Maternal traditional values were positively related to childrearing practices in both maternal affection rational guidance and authoritarian control. (2) Maternal traditional values did not directly influence children's social behavior but showed an indirect moderating effect through maternal childrearing practices. Implications were discussed in terms of the importance of traditional values on childrearing behavior as well as the development of children.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.501-523
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• 2021

In this study, a value-based children's financial education program was developed focusing on the values of each financial management area needed for children. According to 'quasi-experimental design - non-equivalent control group design', an experimental group and a control group were formed for children in the lower grades of elementary school, and a value-based child financial education program was executed, and then the program was applied to children's personal financial management. The effect on the value propensity for each area was evaluated. As a result of the quantitative evaluation, it was confirmed that the 8 values of the children in the experimental group were significantly improved compared to the children of the control group, so this program was effective in enhancing the values of each of the 8 areas of personal financial management needed for children. In addition, the children in the experimental group showed significant improvement compared to the children in the control group in the cognitive, justice, and psychodynamic levels of values. It has also been found to be effective in enhancing as a result of the qualitative evaluation, various positive changes were found in the cognitive, affective, and psycho-dynamic dimensions about the values of each financial management area for children. From a positive perspective, it was found that it plays a useful role in cultivating the values of each area of positive personal financial management.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.109-140
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• 2016

The primary objective of this study was to classify different family values and to examine how university students' perceptions of childbirth differ according to the types of family values. The sample for this study consisted of 601 university students living in the cities of Seoul, Incheon, and the Gyeonggi province. The data were collected using structured questionnaires distributed through an online survey. Descriptive statistics including frequencies, percentages, means and standard deviation and cluster analysis, One-Way ANOVA and $X^2$ test are applied to analyze the data. The major results of this study are as follows: 1. The values of the university students regarding marriage, children, and familism were used as parameters to categorize the different types of family values on the cluster analysis. The results of the cluster analysis showed that the university students' family values could be classified into three types; "family-centered values", "individual-centered values", and "familism children-centered value". 2. The family values of the university students differed according to each student's gender, age, religion, socioeconomic status, gender-role attitude, and relationships with his or her father and or mother. 3. On average, the number of children that the students would like to have in the future is higher than the number of children that they actually plan to have. 4. The students' perceptions of family planning and low birthrate circumstances differed according to their family values. The university students categorized as having "family-centered values" planned to have the highest number of children in the future and thought that the low birthrate was a very serious issue, whereas the students with "individual-centered values" planned to have the lowest the number of children in the future. 5. To conclude the study, recommendations were made for the government to improve the low birthrate and for facilitate further research regarding this issue.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.1-14
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• 2023

Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between pediatric weakness scale scores and growth indices. Furthermore, we intended to calculate the cut-off values for diagnosing Kidney Weak Children through growth indices. Methods A total of 193 patients, aged 6 - 12 years, underwent both the pediatric weakness scale and bone age assessment, and the correlations between the pediatric weakness scale and growth indices were analyzed. Moreover, the cut-off values for diagnosing Kidney Weak Children were calculated. Differences in bone age and predicted height between the normal group and Kidney Weak Children, classified according to the calculated cut-off values, were analyzed. Results The weakness of the Shin or kidney system was significantly correlated with the height percentile, weight percentile, differences in current height percentile and mid parental height percentile, differences in predicted height and mid parental height, and differences in bone age and chronological age. When the criteria for diagnosing Kidney Weak Children is set at "height percentile of ≤25% and weight percentile of ≤25%", the sensitivity and specificity of the cut-off value were maximized. The cut-off values for weakness of the Shin or kidney system were 9 in children aged 6 - 9 years and 10 in children aged 10 - 12 years. Conclusions To diagnose Kidney Weak Children, the cut-off values of weakness of the Shin or kidney system were 9 in children aged 6 - 9 years and 10 in children aged 10 - 12 years.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.303-311
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was to examine the values of marriage, gender-role and having children, and to explore the factors impacting the values of having children by university students. Methods: A cross-sectional design and structured questionnaires were adopted for data collection of university students in September through November, 2011. Structured questionnaires were based on participants' socio-demographics and scales on values of marriage, gender role and children developed by Young-Mi Park. Descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient and hierarchical multiple regression were applied to data analysis. Results: A total of 366 university students participated in this study. Females and nursing students had negative values toward having children and marriage and positive thoughts about the value of gender role. The value of having children was positively associated with marriage (r=.61, p<.001) and negatively with gender role (r=-.11, p<.032). Relationship between gender role and marriage was negative (r=-.28, p<.001). Hierarchical multiple regression found that the value of children was significantly predicted by the value of marriage.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.323-351
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to investigate which factors affect working women's intention of second childbirth and what paths that determine this intention exist. Especially, this study focused on the influence of 'values regarding children' on intention of second childbirth of working women, and divided 'values regarding children' into 'individualistic value regarding children'and 'group-oriented value regarding children'. Findings from this study are as follows. First, the research model of this study was appropriate to explain the intention of second childbirth in working women with a child by measurement model analysis and structural model analysis. Second, it appeared that the factor which directly determined the intention of second childbirth in working women with a child was 'values regarding children', and the impact of 'individualistic values regarding children' was stronger than that of 'group-oriented values regarding children'between the two. Third, 'Economic resource'factor and 'service'factor affected 'intention of second childbirth' indirectly through other factors. Fourth, the level of public and private service resources for reconciling work and family life is affected by the level of economic resources. Finally, it appeared that 'values regarding children' could be formed or changed by working women's environmental condition like public and private service resources to support reconciling work and family life. Based on these findings, this study proposed that it should be important to form values regarding children positively by improving environmental condition for reconciling work and family life to increase childbirth intention of working women.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.704-714
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• 2013

Diverse characters have been recently used in fashion products for children. The degree to which parents accept children's opinions or attitudes when they engage in dialogue may be connected with consumer socialization and affect the criteria for the evaluation of character fashion products. This study examined the effects of mothers' childrearing attitudes on consumer socialization and the evaluation criteria for character fashion products for children. A questionnaire was conducted via the Internet on 310 mothers with children aged between four and twelve. The results of the study showed: First, childrearing attitudes were divided into four dimensions: hostility, autonomy, acceptance, and control. Consumer socialization was divided into communication in regards to consumption, consumption control, and the awareness of social relations. The evaluation criteria for character fashion products for children were divided into educational/utilitarian values, emotional values, and social values. Second, mothers were divided into an acceptance group, a moderation group, and a hostility group based on childrearing attitudes. The group with hostile childrearing attitudes had control over their children's consumption and were conscious of others in the process of consumption. The group with accepting childrearing attitudes considered educational/utilitarian values and emotional values when they purchased character fashion products for children. The group with hostile childrearing attitudes considered social values. Third, autonomous childrearing attitudes had the largest influence on communication in regards to consumption. Controlling childrearing attitudes had the largest influence on consumption control and the awareness of social relations. Controlling childrearing attitudes had the largest influence on social/utilitarian and emotional values; however hostile childrearing attitudes had the largest influence on social values.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.103-110
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• 2021

Objectives: The objective of this study was to develop a zinc database (DB) to estimate the intake levels of zinc in Korean toddlers and preschool children using the data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Methods: A total of 3,361 food items for the DB representing the usual diet of Korean toddlers and preschool children were selected based on KNHANES (2009~2013) and the food composition table of Rural Development Administration (RDA). The existing values of zinc in foods were collected from the latest food composition tables of RDA (9th revision) and the US Department of Agriculture (legacy release). The zinc contents were filled preferentially with these collected values. The missing values were replaced with the calculated values or imputed values using the existing values of similar food items from the data source. The zinc intake levels of Korean toddlers and preschool children were estimated using KNHANES and zinc DB Results: A total of 1,188 existing values, 412 calculated values, and 1,727 imputed values were included in the zinc DB. The mean intake levels of zinc for 1-2-year-old children and 3-5-year-olds were 5.17 ± 2.94 mg/day and 6.30 ± 2.84 mg/day, respectively. There was no significant difference in the zinc intake levels between boys and girls in each group. Conclusions: This newly developed zinc DB would be helpful to assess the zinc nutritional status and investigate the association between the zinc intakes and related health concerns in Korean toddlers and preschool children.