• Korean Medical Education Review
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.80-91
• /
• 2019

The tripartite mission of 'academic medicine' is education, research, and patient care. Academic medical centers (AMCs) are carrying out the mission and ultimately aiming to improve the health of people and communities. Globally, AMCs are facing a tremendous financial risk stemming from the changes in health insurance reimbursement plans and a shortage of human resources. Innovative AMCs in the United States are trying to transform their physician-centered, and siloed structure into a patient-centered, and integrated structure. They are also building integrated systems with primary healthcare groups to provide continuous patient care from primary to tertiary levels and making strategic networks based on value-based payment and the patient-centered model. These changes have been proven to improve outcomes of patient care and increase fiscal revenues, which are both crucial in supporting education and research. To address the shortage of human resources, programs are being built to develop newly appointed faculty for the future. AMCs have different approaches to bringing changes into their organizations; however, there is a common emphasis on 'a patient-centered approach,' which helps them set more explicit organizational values and make strategic decisions based on their values. Korean AMCs are facing similar challenges to AMCs in the United States in spite of many differences between the countries' healthcare systems. The innovative efforts of AMCs in the United States to address the challenges will be helpful, well-worked examples for Korean AMCs with similar challenges.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
• /
• v.34 no.3
• /
• pp.277-297
• /
• 2020

The purpose of this study was to identify and compare the mathematics educational values of pre-service and in-service elementary school teachers. For this purpose, we implemented a questionnaire investigating mathematics educational values and used principal component analysis which resulted in six components. These components were named as fun, problem-solving, representation, computation, ability, and explanation through systematic labeling processes. Both pre-service and in-service elementary school teachers considered problem-solving the most important and there was no statistical difference between the teacher groups. They also considered fun the least important and in-service elementary school teachers regarded it more important than pre-service counterparts did. All value components except explanation were regarded as important by in-service elementary school teachers, fourth-year pre-service teachers, and first-year pre-service teachers in order. The result of noticeable differences between pre-service and in-service elementary school teachers implies that actual teaching experience may affect teachers' mathematics educational values more than teacher preparation programs. Based on these findings, we need to discuss what should be regarded as important and worthwhile in teacher preparation programs to establish mathematics educational values for pre-service teachers. We also need to confirm whether the mathematics educational values by in-service elementary school teachers may be in line with what has been pursued in the national mathematics curriculum.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.249-270
• /
• 1990

The purpose of this study is to identify whether ethical values of korean nurses are deontological or utilitarian. Nurse's ethical value questionnaire was developed from review of literature and interview of nurses in the clinical settings. Content validity was tested from three nursing faculties and staffs. Ethical problems are categorized into four areas : 1) human life area 2) nurse-patient relationship area 3) nurse - nursing task relationship area 4) nurse-collegue relationship area The data were obtained from the 404 nurses in the clinical settings from Feb. to Mar. in 1990 by ethical value questionnaire. The analysis of data was done by Pearson's correlation coefficient, t-test, anova. The results of this study were as follows : 1. The ethical values of human life slightly took up the position of utilitarian. 2. The ethical values of nurse - patient relationships slightly took up deontological position. 3. The ethical values of nurse - nursing task relationships slightly took up deontological position. 4. The ethical values of nurse - colleague relationships greatly took up deontological position. 5. The ethics of nurses related to demographic characteristics of religion, attitude of nursing, ethical standards, education level and post. Those who have religion took up more deontological position than those who have not. Those who have positive attitude of nursing and firm ethical standards took up more deontological position than those who have not. Those who have higher education level and post took up more deontological position than those who have not.

• Journal of Fashion Business
• /
• v.24 no.6
• /
• pp.109-119
• /
• 2020

As interest in the environment increases, consumers increasingly choose to buy products with eco-friendly production processes. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of consumption values and materialism/voluntary simplicity on the attitudes and purchase intentions toward eco-friendly fashion products. A survey of university students in Seoul was conducted and 203 questionnaires were analyzed using SPSS 23.0. The consumption values consisted of six factors: subjective value, novelty value, social value, brand value, practical value, and health/safety value. Materialism/voluntary simplicity was grouped into two factors of materialism pursuit and voluntary simplicity pursuit. Brand values were found to negatively affect attitudes toward eco-friendly fashion products. The more one pursued brand names, the more negative was one's attitude toward eco-friendly fashion products. Health/safety values had a positive effect on purchase intentions for eco-friendly fashion products and voluntary simplicity pursuit had a positive effect on both attitudes and purchase intentions. The materialist group had high subjective value, novelty value, social value, and brand value among the consumption values, and the voluntary simplicity-seeking group tended to pursue the value of health and safety. This study was meaningful in that it identified the characteristics of consumers showing favorable attitudes toward eco-friendly fashion products.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
• /
• v.40 no.4
• /
• pp.221-229
• /
• 2017

In the international businesses human resource elements acquired in different countries might have different values in varied industries due to the different quality of education and experiences in the original countries. Using selection models to evaluate expected values in earnings equation of human resource elements such as education and experiences etc. acquired in sending countries, system equations are expanded to examine also the values of science and engineering degrees in technology jobs with selectivity bias correction. This paper used the US census survey data of 2015 on earnings, academic degrees, occupations etc. The US has long maintained the policy of accepting more STEM workers than any other countries and helped maintaining own technological leadership. Assuming per capita GDP gap between the sending country and the US downgrades immigrant human resource quality, it rarely affects occupational selection but depresses earnings on average by two or more years' worth of education. Immigrant quality index in the sense of GDP gap appears to be a valid tool to assess the expected earnings of the worker with. Engineering degrees increase significantly the probability of selecting not only engineering jobs but also general management jobs, as well as increasing the expected earning additionally over nine years'worth of education. Getting a technology job is additionally worth about four years of education. Economics and business degrees are worth additionally almost six years of education but humanities degrees depress expected earnings. Since years after immigration does not very fast enhance earnings capacity, education level and English language ability might be more useful criteria to expect better future earnings by.

• Korean Medical Education Review
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.20-31
• /
• 2018

Good assessment is crucial for feedback on curriculum and to motivate students to learn. This study was conducted to perform item analysis on the Medical Education Assessment Consortium clinical knowledge mock examination (MEAC CKME) (2011-2016) and to evaluate several effects to improve item quality using both classical test theory and item response theory. The estimated difficulty index (P) and discrimination index (D) were calculated according to each course, item type, A (single best answer)/R (extended matching) type, and grading of item quality. The cut-off values used to evaluate P were: >0.8 (easy); 0.6-0.8 (moderate); and <0.6 (difficult). The cut-off value for D was 0.3. The proportion of appropriate items was defined as those with P between 0.25-0.75 and D ${\geq}0.25$. Cronbach ${\alpha}$ was used to assess the reliability and was compared with those of the Korean Medical Licensing Examination (KMLE). The results showed the recent mean difficulty and decimation index was 0.62 and 0.20 for the first MEAC CKME and 0.71 and 0.19 for the second MEAC CKME, respectively. Higher grade items evaluated by a self-checklist system had better D values than lower grade items and higher grade items gradually increased. The preview and editing process by experts revealed maintained P, decreased recall items, increased appropriate items with better D values, and higher reliability. In conclusion, the MEAC CKME (2011-2016) is deemed appropriate as an assessment to evaluate students' competence and prepare year four medical students for the KMLE. In addition, the self-checklist system for writing good items was useful in improving item quality.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
• /
• v.52 no.1
• /
• pp.263-273
• /
• 2015

We derive modular equations of degree 2 to establish explicit relations for the parameterizations for the theta functions ${\varphi}$ and ${\psi}$. We then find specific values of the parameterizations to evaluate some new values of the modular j-invariant in terms of $J_n$.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
• /
• v.50 no.4
• /
• pp.1315-1328
• /
• 2013

We first derive several modular equations of degree 5 and present their concise proofs based on algebraic computations. We then establish explicit relations and formulas for some parameterizations for the theta functions ${\varphi}$ and ${\psi}$ by using the derived modular equations. In addition, we find specific values of the parameterizations and evaluate some numerical values of the Rogers-Ramanujan continued fraction.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
• /
• v.50 no.4
• /
• pp.1221-1233
• /
• 2013

We first derive some modular equations of degrees 3 and 9 and present their concise proofs based on algebraic computations. We then use these modular equations to establish explicit relations and formulas for the parameterizations for the theta functions ${\varphi}$ and ${\psi}$ In addition, we find specific values of the parameterizations to evaluate some numerical values of the cubic continued fraction.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.13 no.10
• /
• pp.4768-4772
• /
• 2012

To prevent electric shock accidents, an experience education is more effective than indoctrination education. But an electric shock experience education system required a proper physical stimulation on human body to experience electric shock. This paper experiment threshold values of a human body by using Interferential Current Type Low Frequency Stimulator in order to apply to an electric shock experience education system. And the proper stimulation values are calculated according to age (divided child and adult) and gender. Results of this study could be applied to an electric shock experience education system.