• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.126-142
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• 2021

Purpose - This study discusses the effects of human capital in the formation of GVC linkages. We also investigate GVC intensity between Korea and ASEAN. Design/methodology - To solve the doubling-counting problem in evaluating comparative advantage, RCA has been re-computed using domestic value-added (henceforth RCA_VA) at the country-sector level instead of value of trade. The impact of human capital on GVC intensity was empirically analyzed by establishing a panel data set with four industries (ISIC Rev. 4) in eight ASEAN countries from 2005 to 2015 from OECD-TiVA and WDI. Findings - The empirical results show that human capital has a negative effect on GVC intensity in the agriculture and manufacture industries, while it has a positive effect in the service and information industries. The results do not mean that low human capital is a barrier and inefficient to GVC linkages. Low Value-added activities may be more profitable to some emerging countries. These findings suggest that it is important to accurately identify the competitive elements to increase gains from trade under the GVC. Also, it shows that comparative advantages can be misled by an RCA index evaluated in trade volume under the GVC. Originality/value - This study highlights the importance of human capital as a factor for the efficient formation of Global Value Chain (GVC). This study has different from the literature in analyzing the role of human capital in formation of linkage of the GVC. And we clarify the changing patterns of trade by removing the double-counting problem under the GVC.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 1977

Primary function of health record is that as tool of communication between the health processionals with the mutual goal, the promotion of health care standard. Studies have been carried out world over oil tile subject, among those, Weed's Problem-Oriented Health Record is considered a paramount achievement. This study was designed to assess tile possibility of implementing tile problem-oriented health record system through ail experiment in order to provide data for nurse administrators infiltrating reformation of recording system and format. Record of 29 patients admitted at Korea University Hospital, Seoul, from March through June, 1976 for 4 to 14 days were sampled. Nursing notes were recorded by research assistants; senior nursing student trailed extensively by the researcher oil Problem-Oriented Records, oil Problem Oriented Nursing Record format (experimental group) and analysis were carried out comparative, with that of traditional nursing records noted by other nursing personnel (control group) on the same patient. Attitude towards Problem Oriented Nursing Record system and format were attained through questionaries responded by the 51 research assistants. Results are as fellows: Comparative analysis revealed that: 1. Assessment of patients' health problems recorded significantly more in traditional records. 2. Focus of health Problem differed; traditional records slowed significantly higher frequency in medical and procedure as focus while problem oriented records on nursing focus problems. 3. Problem- Oriented records were better organized, Mean value scores of attitude towards Problem- Oriented Records revealed that: Positive value scores on all 4 categories: 1) Assessment of nursing needs, 2) Nursing care planning 3) Patient progress assessment and 4) Tool of teaching and learning revealed that the Problem-Oriented Nursing Record is positively accepted by tile respondents. Recommendation Further experiments on implementation of Problem- Oriented Health Record are recommended: experiment involving all health professionals, in larger scope and longitudinal.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.213-220
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• 2009

The minimum latency problem, also known as the traveling repairman problem and the deliveryman problem is to minimize the overall waiting times of customers, not to minimize their routing times. In this research, a genetic algorithm, a clonal selection algorithm and a population management genetic algorithm are introduced. The computational experiment shows the objective value of the clonal selection algorithm is the best among the three algorithms and the calculating time of the population management genetic algorithm is the best among the three algorithms.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.1243-1254
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• 2009

The inverse scattering problem is investigated for some second order differential equation with a nonlinear spectral parameter in the boundary condition on the half line [0, $\infty$). In the present paper the coefficient of spectral parameter is not a pure imaginary number and the boundary value problem is not selfadjoint. We define the scattering data of the problem, derive the main integral equation and show that the potential is uniquely recovered.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.17 no.1_2_3
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• pp.229-244
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• 2005

In this paper, we study the third order ordinary differential equation : $$x'(t)=f(t,x(t),x'(t),x'(t)),t{\in}(0,1)$$ subject to the boundary value conditions: $$x'(0)=x'(\xi),x'(1)=^{m-3}{\Sigma}_{i=1}{{\beta}x'({\eta}i),x'(1)=0}$$. Here ${\beta}_{i}{\in}R,\;^{m-3}{\Sigma}_{i=1}\;{\beta}_{i}\;=\;1,\;0<{\eta}_1<{\eta}_2<{\cdots}<{\eta}_{m-3}<1,\;0<\xi<1$. This is the case dimKer L = 2. When the ${\beta}_i$ have different signs, we prove some existence results for the m-point boundary value problem at resonance by use of the coincidence degree theory of Mawhin [12, 13]. Since all the existence results obtained in previous papers are for the case dimKerL = 1, our work is new.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.35-43
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• 2015

Let q > 1 be an odd integer and c be a fixed integer with (c, q) = 1. For each integer a with $1{\leq}a{\leq}q-1$, it is clear that the exists one and only one b with $0{\leq}b{\leq}q-1$ such that $ab{\equiv}c$ (mod q). Let N(c, q) denote the number of all solutions of the congruence equation $ab{\equiv}c$ (mod q) for $1{\leq}a$, $b{\leq}q-1$ in which a and $\bar{b}$ are of opposite parity, where $\bar{b}$ is defined by the congruence equation $b\bar{b}{\equiv}1$ (modq). The main purpose of this paper is using the mean value theorem of Dirichlet L-functions to study the mean value properties of a summation involving $(N(c,q)-\frac{1}{2}{\phi}(q))$ and Kloosterman sums, and give a sharper asymptotic formula for it.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.26 no.3_4
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• pp.689-706
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• 2008

In this paper, a fifth order numerical method is presented for solving singularly perturbed two point boundary value problems with a boundary layer at one end point. The two point boundary value problem is transformed into general first order ordinary differential equation system. A discrete approximation of a fifth order compact difference scheme is presented for the first order system. An asymptotically equivalent first order equation of the original singularly perturbed two point boundary value problem is obtained from the theory of singular perturbations. It is used in the fifth order compact difference scheme to get a two term recurrence relation and is solved. Several linear and non-linear singular perturbation problems have been solved and the numerical results are presented to support the theory. It is observed that the present method approximates the exact solution very well.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.27 no.3_4
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• pp.895-902
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• 2009

In this paper, the singular three-point boundary value problem $$\{{{u"(t)\;+\;f(t,\;u)\;=\;0,\;t\;{\in}\;(0,\;1),}\atop{u(0)\;=\;0,\;u(1)\;=\;{\alpha}u(\eta),}}\$$ is studied, where 0 < $\eta$ < 1, $\alpha$ > 0, f(t,u) may be singular at u = 0. By mixed monotone method, the existence and uniqueness are established for the above singular three-point boundary value problems. The theorems obtained are very general and complement previous know results.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.229-235
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• 2019

Due to the development of video and optical technology today, video equipments are being used in a variety of fields such as identification, security maintenance, and factory automation systems that generate products. In this paper, we investigate an algorithm that effectively recognizes an experimental object in an input image with a partial problem due to the mechanical problem of the input imaging device. The object recognition algorithm proposed in this paper moves and rotates the vertices constituting the outline of the experimental object to the positions of the respective vertices constituting the outline of the DB model. Then, the discordance values between the moved and rotated experimental object and the corresponding DB model are calculated, and the minimum discordance value is selected. This minimum value is the final discordance value between the experimental object and the corresponding DB model, and the DB model with the minimum discordance value is selected as the recognition result for the experimental object. The proposed object recognition method obtains satisfactory recognition results using only partial information of the experimental object.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.138-155
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• 2022

To solve the initial value problem we present a new single-step implicit method based on the Euler method. We prove that the proposed method has convergence order 2. In practice, numerical results of the proposed method for some selected examples show an error tendency similar to the second-order Taylor method. It can also be found that this method is useful for stiff initial value problems, even when a small number of nodes are used. In addition, we extend the proposed method by using weighted averages with a parameter and show that its convergence order becomes 2 for the parameter near $\frac{1}{2}$. Moreover, it can be seen that the extended method with properly selected values of the parameter improves the approximation error more significantly.