• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.59-72
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• 2019

Purpose - Blockchain technology, which has the characteristics of credibility, security, integrity and decentralization, has brought innovation to internet platforms that mediate peer to peer transactions, as well as changes to the contents distribution services. Blockchain-based copyright distribution platforms can solve problems which have been articulated on prior internet social networks: increased market dominance of platform business because of centralization with no reward to creators who upload on platforms, and lack of fairness, such as unfair profit distribution between the copyright holder and businesses. With this background, the current research confirmed the factors that affect the intention of usage and behaviors, targeting potential users of blockchain-based copyright distribution platforms. Research design, data, and methodology - Centered around the UTAUT2 Model, the research model was designed with 'Perceived Security' added as Construct, and 'Age' and 'Knowledge Level' added as moderating variables. For data, 607 responses were collected by an online survey, and 601 responses were included in the final analysis. We analyzed the research model and sample by using SPSS 23.0 and AMOS 23.0 on the collected responses. Results - First, results of research on whether Constructs make positive effects on Intention of use is: social influence, facilitating conditions, habit, and perceived security had positive effects on intention of use, and performance expectancy, effort expectancy, hedonic motivation, and economic value did not. Second, results of the research on whether facilitating condition, habit, and intention of use made an impact on using behaviors, it was shown that only habit and intention of use made positive effects. Third, in two groups divided by age above or under 40, group effort expectancy, intention of use, habit, and intention of use had controlling effects, and facilitating condition, intention of use, perceived security, and intention of use had effects in both groups. Conclusions - The research shows that no matter how great a blockchain-based platform is, if advantages of blockchain are not proved in various industries and utilized in real life like the internet, blockchain-based distribution systems will develop slowly. Rather than a short-term inducement emphasizing technology, there is a need for a strategic approach that can foster the environment.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.231-236
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• 2014

Sawdust, produced as an wood by-product, is usable biomass as liquid fuels if decomposed to monomer unit, because the chemical structure are similar to high octane materials found in gasoline. In this study, parameters of thermochemical degradation by acetone-solvolysis reaction of sawdust such as the effect of reaction temperature, reaction time and type of solvent on conversion yield and degradation products were investigated. The liquid products by acetone-solvolysis from sawdust produced various kind of ketone, phenol and furan compounds. The optimum sawdust conversion was observed to be 88.7% at $350^{\circ}C$, 40min. Combustion heating value of liquid products from thermochemical conversion processes was as high as 7,824 cal/g. The energy yield and mass yield in acetone-solvolysis of sawdust was 60.8% and 36.4 g-oil/100g-sawdust after 40 min of reaction at $350^{\circ}C$, respectively. The major components of the acetone-solvolysis products, that could be used as liquid fuel, were 4-methyl-3-pentene-2-one, 1,3,5-trimethylbezene, 2,6-dimethyl-2,5-heptadiene-4-one, 3-methyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one as ketone compounds.

• The Journal of Information Technology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.199-215
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• 1999

A quantitative analysis was conduct on the economic effect of electronic commerce according to the method of constructing the internet. As a consequence, it was information retrieval cost that had the most cost retrenchment effect in connecting the internet by telephone, which saved about 353,700 won. And it was found that the dedicated line to electronic commerce saved 420,600 won of information retrieval cost and a considerable amount of 319,900 won of brokerage expenses and physical distribution expenses. In terms of value, it was found that the telephone line reduced the time of order process by 8.25%, whereas the dedicated line did so by 9.41% and therefore saved more time than the telephone line. It was found that the dedicated line convenient to use had the higher effect by about 1.2%, respectively than the telephone line in terms of the effective construction of corporate image and the increase of potential buyers. In terms of business management, the intensification of corporate competitiveness improved by 10.00% in case of less than 10 times and by 11.53% in case of 50 to less than 50 times. And it was found that the effect of profit increase as the number of inquiries was large. That is, it was found that the effect of profit increase was 10.88% when the number of inquiries was less than 10 times but it increased to 14.00% in case of 50∼1ess than 100 times. The limitation of this study is that because the size of samples through mail, interview and E-mail was not large, its results have some limitation in applying them to every firm. That is, since the improvement effect of the intrafirm business method, unnecessary repeated manual paperwork and the use effect of being able to maintain the close relationship with to the parties to trades in the process of prompt receipt and delivery of documents are long-term and indirect effects, they have some limitation in that they can not be measured as coefficients but only as scales. Thus, firms using electronic commerce have difficulty enjoying a uniformly identical effect. Therefore, to revitalize electronic commerce, it is thought that government, the academic community and the business world all need to make much research into and sustained investment in electronic commerce.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.123-139
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• 2004

It is needed to transfer the technology actively which has already developed to improve a up-to-date technology and foster the technological innovation. The technology transfer also can bring about a commercial success. To promote the technology transfer, it is needed to develop a new technology valuation model for a specific technology from a objective point of view, as well as to equip an institution such as the technology transfer center. The technology valuation from a objective point of view is of importance as the basic information for the price negotiation between a technology-buyer and a technology-seller. This paper takes aim at investigating a new technology valuation model and developing a technology valuation system for promoting the technology transfer. A new technology valuation system is developed as a Web-enabling base. Using this users are able to estimate the value of a specific technology on a real time efficiently.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.1221-1233
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• 2016

Purpose: To investigate any potential association between wine and breast cancer risk. Materials and Methods: We quantitatively assessed associations by conducting a meta-analysis based on evidence from observational studies. In May 2014, we performed electronic searches in PubMed, EmBase and the Cochrane Library to identify studies examining the effect of wine drinking on breast cancer incidence. The relative risk (RR) or odds ratio (OR) were used to measure any such association. Results: The analysis was further stratified by confounding factors that could influence the results. A total of twenty-six studies (eight case-control and eighteen cohort studies) involving 21,149 cases were included in our meta-analysis. Our study demonstrated that wine drinking was associated with breast cancer risk. A 36% increase in breast cancer risk was observed across overall studies based on the highest versus lowest model, with a combined RR of 1.0059 (95%CI 0.97-1.05) in dose-response analysis. However, 5 g/d ethanol from wine seemed to have protective value from our non-linear model. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that wine drinking is associated with breast cancer risk in a dose-dependent manner. High consumption of wine contributes to breast cancer risk with protection exerted by low doses. Further investigations are needed for clarification.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.151-169
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• 2015

Social enterprises that are solving pressing global issues and providing services such as micro-finance, affordable housing, appropriate technology and education for the 'bottom of the pyramid' as well as cultural and community-related businesses that improve the 'quality of life' within a society are the target of impact investments. Among them, a capital financing is one of the most important factor in founding and fostering of social enterprise. However, the capital market for social enterprises in South Korea are not yet sufficiently developed. The Britain and U.S.A. attempted to solve the social problem by the introduction of the social innovation credit model, for example, social impact bonds(SIB), Big Society Capital, DBLIF, and ACCION International, which are considered as an innovative new financing instrument for social program. Instruments are being attempted for the first time in Britain and America. This study have two purposes. The first purpose is abstracting the institutional mechanism for introduction of impact investment such as SIB and DBLIF case in Britain and U.S.A.. Second, analyzing type and mix of policy instrument on impact investment from the perspective of policy instrument.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.22-32
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• 2010

Increasingly advanced Information Technology (IT) has changed the operator so as to create more diversified and advanced traffic information demand. To deal with the changing demand in private sector, a concept of on-demand traffic information has been rapidly introduced. However VMS, a product of the first generation of ITS, which was designed to provide the unspecified individuals during driving the car with the basic level of traffic information by the public failed to actively change itself in such a changing pattern. This study was intended to describe the VMS system (tentatively, FM-VMS) which was further developed to accommodate the needs favoring the sophisticated PDA with the public role of providing the unspecified individuals with the equal information. FM-VMS introduced in this study is the device designed to transmit the voice and message to the drivers through the radio information device mounted on a car. A core technology is, unlike FM-DARC and RDS, the Water Making technology which directly inserts the digital signal into FM frequency in use. It's been currently used for broadcasting and security purpose. A detection rate as a result of testing FM-VMS system using Water Making technology was 90% or more in voice and message within 20m from test VMS. When a public-developed VMS information could be transmitted using FM frequency to the relatively vulnerable users (vulnerable to traffic information) in voice on a real-time basis to provide the regional traffic information, and furthermore, VMS message could be received through radio liquid using FM frequency only, it would obviously bring about the innovation in ITS as well as pave the way for creating the new added value down the road.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.683-691
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• 2013

Failure behaviour of deep beams is largely depend on shear span to effective depth ratio(a/d). For deep beams with $a/d{\leq}1.0$, the diagonal splitting of the web and local crushing of concrete near applied loads or supports is the most common failure mode. If the beam contains sufficient web reinforcement, area of local crushing will be increased while area of diagonal splitting is decreased. When web reinforcement above purpose, web should be reinforced both in the horizontal and vertical directions or be reinforced in perpendicular direction to diagonal cracks. For deep beams with 1.0${\leq}2.5$, the increment of shear strength by the horizontal web reinforcement are hardly expected unless amount of main bars very small that the main bars should be reached yielding state when shear failure occurs. In contrast, the vertical web reinforcement prevent the beam from being transferred to tied arch mechanism, and as a result th shear strength of beam increase. In this study, formulas based on upper bound theorem of plastic theory are proposed to predict the shear strength of reinforced concrete deep beams with $a/d{\leq}1.0$. Comparisons with other experiment results are performed, and good agreement between measured and predicted value by proposed formulas is obtained.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.605-614
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• 2020

Objective: This study was conducted to determine the effects of stale maize on growth performance, immunity, intestinal morphology, and antioxidant capacity in broilers. Methods: A total of 800 one-day-old male Arbor Acres broilers (45.4±0.5 g) were blocked based on body weight, and then allocated randomly to 2 treatments with 20 cages per treatment and 20 broilers per cage in this 6-week experiment. Dietary treatments included a basal diet and diets with 100% of control maize replaced by stale maize. Results: The content of fat acidity value was higher (p<0.05) while the starch, activities of catalase and peroxidase were lower (p<0.05) than the control maize. Feeding stale maize diets reduced (p<0.05) average daily feed intake (ADFI) throughout the experiment, feed conversion ratio (FCR) during d 0 to 21 and the whole experiment as well as relative weight of liver, spleen, bursa of Fabricius and thymus (p<0.05) on d 21. Feeding stale maize diets decreased jejunum villus height (VH) and VH/crypt depth (CD) (p<0.05) on d 21 and 42 as well as ileum VH/CD on d 42. The levels of immunoglobulin G, acid α-naphthylacetate esterase positive ratios and lymphocyte proliferation on d 21 and 42 as well as lysozyme activity and avian influenza antibody H₅N₁ titer on d 21 decreased (p<0.05) by the stale maize. Feeding stale maize diets reduced (p<0.05) serum interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-2 on d 21 and interleukin-6 on d 21 and 42. Broilers fed stale maize diets had lower levels of (p<0.05) total antioxidative capacity on d 42, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase on d 21 and 42, but higher (p<0.05) levels of malondialdehyde on d 21 and 42. Conclusion: Feeding 100% stale maize decreased ADFI and FCR, caused adverse effects on immunity and antioxidant function and altered intestinal morphology in broilers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.59 no.7
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• pp.17-33
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to get some pieces of prior information to eventually develop high value-added fashion cultural products design using local cultural resources, to promote the cultural tourism festival. For this purpose, this study is carried out the investigation of cultural product stores and visitors' questionnaire survey. The subjects of this study were festivals which were selected as cultural tourism festival by the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism from 2000 to 2008. Of them, six festivals were finally selected but food festival was excluded. The results of this study were as follows; First, the store survey was conduced to analyze the situation of the products of cultural tourism festival. The most frequent product was accessories. And a T-shirt was found to be sold every festival probably because it was the most popular item and basic item which people could buy without burden. While the most diverse kinds of products were found in the Andong, the Jinju and Gangjin were found not to develop various products. In the design motif used for cultural products, most products did not use festival or local image. The highest use of the festival and local image was found in Gangjin and Muju. The Andong and Chungju were found to sell very common products buying anywhere rather than products using local cultural resources or image. In the material of cultural products, most products use metal. And In the price of cultural products, 10,000-30,000 won was found highest. Second, the purchase conditions of cultural tourism festival visitors were examined. The visiting goal and companion of visitors was found to vary with the type of cultural tourism festival. The types of visitors were also found to have an effect on the choice of items in the purchase of cultural products sold in the festival. Only one third of respondents responded buying one and more cultural products. The purchase rate was found high in the festival where cultural product items were various and there were many products symbolizing festival or region. The most purchased item was a mobile phone hanger and the amount of purchasing cultural products was 10,000-30,000 won. The reason not to purchase cultural products was dissatisfaction with utility, originality, possibility of a present, symbolism, and price. The most important attribute in the purchase of cultural products was design, followed by symbolism, price, originality, and innovation. The highly preferred product group included clothing, miscellaneous goods, and accessories. Specifically, T-shirt was found highest. Based on these research results, it was found that the design strategy for the cultural products development should consider both regional and festival images. The items and designs of the cultural products should reflect visitors' characteristics and the price zone should be varied.