• The Journal of Korean Society of Virology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.239-255
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• 1997

Expression of the cDNA of the VP1 gene on the genome RNA B segment of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) DRT strain in E. coli and a recombinant baculovirus were carried out. The VP1 gene in the pMal-pol clone (Lee et al. 1995) was cleaved with XbaI and transferred into baculovirus transfer vector, pBacPAK9 and it was named pBacVP1 clone. The VP1 gene in the pBacVP1 clone was double-digested with SacI and PstI and then inserted just behind T5 phage promoter and the $6{\times}His$ region of the pQE-3D expression vector, and it was called pQEVPl. Again, the $6{\times}$His-tagged VP1 DNA fragment in the pQEVP1 was cleaved with EcoRI and transferred into the VP1 site of the pBacVP1, resulting pBacHis-VP1 recombinant. The pBacHis-VP1 DNA was cotransfected with LacZ-Hyphantria cunea nuclear polyhedrosis virus (LacZ-HcNPV) DNA digested with Bsu361 onto S. frugiperda cells to make a recombinant virus. One VP1-gene inserted recombinant virus was selected by plaque assay. The recombinant virus was named VP1-HcNPV-1. The $6{\times}$His-tagged VP1 protein produced by the pQEVP1 was purified with Ni-NTA resin chromatography and analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis. The molecular weight of the VP1 protein was 94 kDa. The recombinant virus, VP1-HcNPV-1 did not form polyhedral inclusion bodies and expressed VP1 protein with 95 kDa in the infected S. frugiperda cells, which was detected by Western blot. The titer of the VP1-HcNPV-1 in the first infected cells was $2.0{\times}10^5\;pfu/ml$ at 7 days postinfection.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.1427-1432
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• 2010

This study was carried out to evaluate neutralization effects against WSSV using antiserum produced from recombinant envelop protein, rVP466 of WSSV. The VP466 gene of WSSV was cloned into pCold I expression vector and rVP466 was expressed in E. coli RIPL. The antiserum against rVP466 was produced in white rabbits (New Zealand white rabbit). The specific immunoreactivity to the antigen, rVP466, was confirmed by Western blot. The constant amounts of WSSV at $1{\times}10^4$ diluted stocks were mixed with various antiserum concentrations and then injected to the muscle of shrimp, Penaeus chinensis, for the neutralization challenge. The shrimps challenged with WSSV as a positive control and those with the mixture of WSSV and preimmune serum as a preimmune control showed 100% cumulative mortality at 17 days post challenge and 83% at 25 days post challenge, respectively. The shrimps challenged with 3 different mixtures of WSSV and rVP466 antiserum at ratios of 1:0.01, 1:0.1 and 1:1 showed 73%, 53% and 46% cumulative mortalities at 25 days post challenge, respectively. These results indicated that WSSV could be neutralized by the rVP466 antiserum. These results suggest that envelop protein VP466 is involved in the initial step of WSSV infection in shrimp.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.539-548
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• 2018

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of scattering radiation, which was not considered in the cultural Heritage radiography, by evaluating the relationship between the tube voltage (unit: kVp), film-floor-distance(FFD), and lead screen layout. The density (unit: D) of the test specimens and the scattered radiation increased with the tube voltage. The density of the test specimens showed an average deviation of 1.4 D; it was 0.17 D at 60 kVp, 1.54 D at 160 kVp, and 2.97 D at 220 kVp. The mean density of the scattered radiation was 0.10 D at 60 kVp, 0.40 D at 160 kVp, and 0.46 D at 220 kVp. The density tended to increase when the tube voltage ranged between 60 kVp and 160 kVp, as the FFD distance increased. However, a change in the permeation density was not observed for high voltages(160 kVp-220 kVp). Scattered radiation was observed when FFD was 50 mm, 100 mm, and 200 mm and no lead screen was used and the bottom surface was replaced with the lead screen. No scattered radiation was observed when FFD was 0 mm. The identification rate ranged from 2.08% to 2.67%, according to the FFD, for a 160 kVp tube voltage, and from 2.67% to 3.33% for a 220 kVp tube voltage.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.253-264
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• 1990

The purpose of this study was to estimate the distribution of absorbed doses of each important organs of head and neck region in panoramic radiography. Radiation dosimetry at internal anatomic sites and skin surfaces of phantom (RT-210 Humanoid Head & Neck Section/sup R/) was performed with lithium fluoride (TLD-100/sup R/) thermoluminescent dosimeters according to change of kilovoltage (65kVp, 75kVp and 85kVp) with 4 miliamperage and 20 second exposure time. The results obtained were as follows; Radiation absorbed doses of internal anatomic sites were presented the highest doses of 1.04 mGy, 1.065 mGy and 2.09 mGy in nasopharynx, relatively high doses of 0.525 mGy, 0.59 mGy and 1.108 mGy in deep lobe of parotid gland, 0.481 mGy, 0.68 mGy and 1.191 mGy in submandibular gland. But there were comparatively low doses of 0.172 mGy and 0.128 mGy in eyes and thyroid gland that absorbed dose was estimated at 85kVp. Radiation absorbed doses of skin surfaces were presented the highest doses of 1. 263 mGy, 1.538 mGy and 2.952 mGy in back side of first cervical vertebra and relatively high doses of 0.267 mGy, 0.401 mGy and 0.481 mGy in parotid gland. But there were comparatively low doses of 0.057 mGy, 0.068 mGy and 0.081 mGy in philtrum and 0.059 mGy in middle portion of chin that absorbed dose was estimated at 85kVp. According to increase of kilovoltage, the radiation absorbed doses were increased 1.1 times when kilovolt age changes from 65kVp to 75kVp and 1.9 times when kilovolt age changes from 75kVp to 85kVp at internal anatomic sites. According to increase of kilovoltage, the radiation absorbed doses were increased 1.3 times when kilovolt age changes from 65kVp to 75kVp and 1.6 times when kilovoltage changes from 75kVp to 85kVp at skin surfaces.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.285-293
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• 2004

FMDV is a viral pathogen that caused foot-and-mouth disease in animals. VP1 is a major capsid protein of FMDV. It is known as one of best materials for the FMDV diagnosis and for the development of protein vaccine. In this study, 633 bp of VP1 gene was modified for the expression of VP1 in plant, based on the VP1 DNA sequence from FMDV taiwan O type and from FMDV isolated vietnam. The. deduced DNA fragment was artificially synthesized using the multiple fragment extension with long-nucleotides. A new plant transgenic vector system, pCAMBIA139011 was constructed on the basis of pBI12l and pCAMBIA1390. Using this vector system and GFP gene or modified VP1 gene, each target gene was introduced into Nicotiana tabacum. The insertion of whole target gene was successfully confirmed in each transgenic plant named GFP-A7 and VP1-4, respectively. The expression level of each gene was estimated by RT-PCR and Real-Time PCR using VP1, GFP specific primers.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.1181-1185
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• 2010

This study was carried out to evaluate the vaccination effects of recombinant fusion protein rVP19+28 against WSSV in shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. The VP19+28 gene fused with VP19 and VP28 genes was inserted into pET-28a(+) expression vector and cloned in E. coli BL21 (DE3) to produce fused gene product recombinant VP19+VP28 as a single protein. For the vaccination, the shrimps were fed with pellets coated with purified recombinant protein, rVP19+28, for 2 weeks. Then, constant amounts of WSSV at $1{\times}10^2$ diluted stocks were injected to the muscle of the shrimp for the in vivo challenge tests. Non-vaccinated shrimps showed a cumulative mortality of 100% at 11 days post-challenge. The shrimps vaccinated with the inactivated E. coli BL21 as a host cell control showed cumulative mortality of 100% at 17 days post-challenge. The shrimps vaccinated with rVP19, rVP28 and rVP19+28 showed mortalities of 66.7%, 41.7% and 41.7% at 21 days post-challenge, respectively. These results indicated that the rVP28 and rVP19+28 had relatively high vaccination effects against WSSV infection. However, this study suggests that the fusion protein rVP19+28 was more effective for the protection of shrimp against WSSV than rVP28, even though the cumulative mortalities were the same 21 days post-challenge.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.278-283
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• 2002

The response of electrocardiogram(ECG) of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus [Linnaeus] was studied to the electric stimulus which was given to a certain part of body The experiments were performed in such a way that three levels of electric stimulus (20, 30, 40 Vp ； 10 msec) were given to fishes with electrode inserted into their bodies and then their ECGs were recorded continuously for 60 minutes in the water temperature of 16~18$^{\circ}C$ The results of the experiments were divided by day and night, and then were analyzed by experimental conditions as follows; 1. Nile tilapia reached a stable condition within 3 minutes after the electrode inserted into their bodies during anesthesia. In stable condition, the heart rates average was 45.8 beat/min during daytime and 45.0 beat/min at night. The action potentials average was 1.76 $mutextrm{V}$during daytime and 1.75 $mutextrm{V}$ at night. 2. The heart rates average by three levels of electric stimulus were \circled1 In the stimulus condition, the heart rates were 34.9 beat/min during daytime and 33.4 beat/min at night for the 20 Vp level, 36.8 bea/min during daytime and 36.0 beat/min at night for the 30 Vp level, and 38.0 beat/min during daytime and 36.4 beat/min at night for the 40Vp level. \circled2 In the recovery condition, the action potentials were 45.5 beat/min during daytime an 45.1 beat/min at night for the 20Vp level, 47.9 beat/min during daytime and 49.0 beat/min at night for the 30Vp level, and 51.4 beat/min during daytime and 50.7 beat/min at night for the 40Vp level 3. The action potentials average by three levels of electric stimulus were, \circled1 In the stimulus condition, action potentials were 2.54 $mutextrm{V}$ during daytime and 2.39 $mutextrm{V}$ at night for the 20 Vp level, 3.30 $mutextrm{V}$ during daytime and 2.30 $mutextrm{V}$ at night for the 30 Vp level and 6.05 $mutextrm{V}$ during daytime and 3.23 $mutextrm{V}$ at night for the 40 Vp level. \circled2 In the recovery condition, action potentials were 1.92 $mutextrm{V}$ during daytime and 1.95 $mutextrm{V}$ at night for the 20 Vp level and 2.78 $mutextrm{V}$ during daytime and 2.21 $mutextrm{V}$ at night for the 30Vp level and 3.6 0 $mutextrm{V}$ during daytime and 2.98 $mutextrm{V}$ at night for the 40 Vp level.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.331-338
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• 2013

CT for follow-up visits because of liver disease, body mass index (BMI) and kVp according to the change of the image quality and radiation dose to evaluate for changes. March 2010 to June 2011 at Pusan P University Hospital, abdominal CT scans a patient BMI (Body Mass Index. Less BMI) index was less than 25 in the treatment of subjects had a 48-person Noise and SNR at 100kVp abdominal image is lager than the 120kVp image. CTDI volume value at by the analysis of the radiation dose is 4.47mGy(100kVp) and 9.01mGy(120kVp). So CTDIvol in 100kVp is smaller than CTDIvol in 120kVp(decrease by 44.1%). And, effective dose is 7.1mSv(100kVp) and 12.51mSv(120kVp). So effective dose in 100kVp is smaller than effective dose in 120kVp(decrease by 43%). Evaluation of image quality is that Unacceptable 0 person, Suboptimal 0 person, Adequate 0 person, Good 1 person, Excellent 47 person. In case of repeatly patient, we examinate abdomianl CT scan by using low kVp and body mass index less than 25. We can has good quality image and benefit of low radiation dose.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.23-30
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• 2013

An avian rotavirus (AvRV-2) was isolated from feces of broilers suffering from acute gastroenteritis in 2011. It was the first avian rotavirus isolated in Korea. To investigate the molecular characteristics of AvRV-2, the VP4, VP6, VP7 and NSP4 gene nucleotide sequences were determined and compared with those of rotavirus strains available in the GenBank database. The phylogenetic tree of VP7 gene showed that AvRV-2 had a high degree of nucleotide sequence homology (93.4% to 94.7%) with those of rotaviruses belonging to genotype G19 cluster. The phylogenetic tree of the VP4 gene revealed a high degree of nucleotide sequence homology (95.8% to 95.9%) with genotype P[30] rotaviruses isolated from chickens. The VP6 and NSP4 gene nucleotide sequences showed the highest identities with those of avian strains with 95.3% to 96.4% and 90.3% to 92.2%, respectively. Genetic characterization of the VP4, VP6, VP7 and NSP4 showed that AvRV-2 strain was most closely related to chicken rotavirus strains from Germany and Japan. Comparative nucleotide sequences and phylogenetic analysis indicated that avian rotavirus isolated from broilers belonged to genotype G19P[30] and it was the first report on avian rotavirus infection in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.5-12
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• 2011

Infectious bursal disease (IBD) caused by infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is a highly contagious viral disease in chicken. It causes heavy economic loss by immune suppression and high mortality. The IBDV, designated Avibirnavirus in the Family Birnaviridae, has a double-stranded RNA genome formed by two segments, segment A and segment B. Segment A encodes a 108 KDa polypeptide that is self-cleaved to produce pVP2, VP3 and VP4, and later pVP2 is cleaved to VP2. The VP2 contains the antigenic regions responsible for elicitation of neutralizing antibodies and VP3 is a major immunogenic protein of IBDV. In this study, monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific for IBDV were produced and characterized. All 15 MAbs were specific for IBDV and did not react with other viruses used in this study. The protein specificity of MAbs was determined by comparing the reactivity patterns of each MAb with IBDV VP2 and VP234 recombinant baculoviruses and Western blot analysis. As a result, 7 MAbs (1F5, 2C8, 2F4, 3C7, 4C3, 6F11, 6G5) and 5 MAbs (2A4, 2G2, 3F5, 3G2, 4F10) were specific for VP2 and VP3, respectively. The protein specificity of 3 MAbs (2B8, 3F7, 3F8) were not determined. Five (2C8, 2F4, 4C3, 6F11, 6G5) of the VP2-specific MAbs had a neutralizing activity against IBDV. Some MAbs reacted with IBDV-infected bursa of Fabricius by indirect fluorescence antibody (IFA) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay. The MAbs produced in this study would be used for diagnostic reagents for the detection of IBDV infection.