• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.146-149
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• 2002

To evaluate the protective effect of Ziziphi Jujubae Semen(ZJS) on 5-Fluorouracil(5-Fu) in cultured vestibular neurons(VN), neurotoxicity was assessed by XTT assay after VN was exposed to 3-24ug/ml 5-Fu for 48 hours. and also, the neuroprotective effect of ZJS was measured by XTT assay in these cultrures. Cell viability was remarkably decreased dose-dependently, after the treatment with 12ug/ml 5-Fu to cultured VN for 48 hours. In the neuroprotective effect of ZJS on the toxicity induced by 5-Fu, ZJS prevented the neurotoxicity induced by 5-Fu in these cultures. From above the results, it suggests that 5-Fu is toxic in cultured VN and herb extract, ZJS has protective effect over the neurotoxicity induced by 5-Fu.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제28권
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• pp.16.1-16.8
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• 2013

Objectives Fish vitellogenin (VTG) is produced in the female liver during oogenesis through the estradiol cycle and produced in the male liver by endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) such as alkylphenols. In this study, we propose that the VTG concentration in the pale chub could be detected using monoclonal antibodies and polyclonal antibodies against vitellin (Vn) in a VTG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system. Methods Monoclonal antibodies and polyclonal antibodies were produced using the Vn extracted from the matured ovum of the ovary. The VTG was extracted from the plasma of the male pale chub. The Vn and VTG were confirmed by measuring the molecular weight of their proteins using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and the specificity of the antibodies was checked through western blotting methods. The assay system was validated with respect to optimal assay concentrations, specificity, recovery, and intra- and inter-assay variations. Results The Vn consisted of two protein bands with apparent molecular weights of 64 and 37 kDa. The SDS-PAGE indicated protein weights of 146 and 77 kDa in the VTG. The assay range was 15.6 ng/mL to 2,000 ng/mL, and the value of the intra- and inter-assay variations were within 10.0% and 14.7%, respectively. The recovery rate was $99.5{\pm}5.5%$. Conclusions A sandwich ELISA was developed that could be used to qualify the VTG of pale chub in screening for EDCs. Pale chub is an ideal species for observing estrogen activity in the environment because of its extensive habitat and extensive food chain. The ELISA developed here would be more favorable than those for other species for determining the effect of long-term food chain accumulation of EDCs in aquatic environments.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.311-323
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• 2005

This study tested the effect of a trivalent (feline panleukopenia; FPV, feline viral rhinotracheitis; FHV, feline calicivirus infection; FCV) inactivated vaccine in cats. The vaccine was tested for the safety in guinea pigs, mice and cats. Also, it was tested for the efficacy in cats. The vaccine was inoculated to cats at 7~9 and 10~12 weeks of age (conventional schedule) and the serological response to vaccination was assessed and was compared to the unvaccinated group. All cats were bled by jugular venipuncture for FPV, FHV and FCV specific serological test (virus neutralizing antibody, VN) at 7~9, 10~12 and 13~15 weeks. After last bleeding, all cats were inoculated with each virus (FPV : orally $2ml\;10^{7.5}\;TCID_{50}/ml$, FHV : nasally $1ml\;10^{7.0}\;TCID_{50}/ml$ and FCV : nasally $1ml\;10^{7.0}\;TCID_{50}/ml$). The Vaccine verified excellent protective effect in guinea pigs, mice and cats. The VN antibody titers of the unvaccinated group cats against FPV, FHV and FCV were <2~16, on the other hand the vaccinated group cats were $512{\sim}{\geq}4096$, 64~1024 and 64~1024, respectively. When all cats were challenged with virulent viruses, the survival rates of the vaccinated group cats were over 80%, while the survival rates of the unvaccinated group cats were less 20%. The typical clinical signs were not observed in the vaccinated group cats, but the typical clinical signs and histopathological lesions were observed in the unvaccinated group cats. As the result of tests, the VN values obtained in this study appeared to be high enough to protect cats from viral challenges. The trivalent (FPV, FHV, and FCV) inactivated vaccine seemed to be very effective, for prevention of feline viral diseases (FPV, FHV, and FCV).

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.63.1-63.9
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• 2020

Background: Canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV-2) induces infectious laryngotracheitis in members of the family Canidae, including dogs. To date, no ELISA kits specific for CAV-2 antibody have been commercialized for dogs in Korea. Objectives: We aimed to develop new indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA) to perform rapid, accurate serological surveys of CAV-2 in dog serum samples. Methods: In total, 165 serum samples were collected from dogs residing in Chungbuk and Gyeongbuk provinces between 2016 and 2018. The Korean CAV-2, named the APQA1701-40P strain, was propagated in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells and purified in an anion-exchange chromatography column for use as an antigen for I-ELISA. The virus-neutralizing antibody titers of CAV-2 in the dog sera were measured by virus neutralization (VN) test. Results: We compared the results obtained between the VN and new I-ELISA tests. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of new I-ELISA were 98.6%, 86.4% and 97.0% compared with VN test, respectively. New I-ELISA was significantly correlated with VN (r = 0.91). Conclusions: These results indicate that new I-ELISA is useful for sero-surveillance of CAV-2 in dog serum.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.19-26
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• 2019

The paper aims to measure stock price volatility on Ho Chi Minh stock exchange (HSX). We apply symmetric models (GARCH, GARCH-M) and asymmetry (EGARCH and TGARCH) to measure stock price volatility on HSX. We used time series data including the daily closed price of VN-Index during 1/03/2001-1/03/2019 with 4375 observations. The results show that GARCH (1,1) and EGARCH (1,1) models are the most suitable models to measure both symmetry and asymmetry volatility level of VN-Index. The study also provides evidence for the existence of asymmetric effects (leverage) through the parameters of TGARCH model (1,1), showing that positive shocks have a significant effect on the conditional variance (volatility). This result implies that the volatility of stock returns has a big impact on future market movements under the impact of shocks, while asymmetric volatility increase market risk, thus increase the attractiveness of the stock market. The research results are useful reference information to help investors in forecasting the expected profit rate of the HSX, and also the risks along with market fluctuations in order to take appropriate adjust to the portfolios. From this study's results, we can see risk prediction models such as GARCH can be better used in risk forecasting especially.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권8호
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• pp.143-150
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• 2020

This study aims to investigate the effect of oil price and exchange rate on the two Vietnamese stock market indices: VN index and HXN index. This study uses the daily data from August 1^st 2000 to October 25^th 2019 of the two Vietnamese stock indices: VN index and HNX index, the two oil price indices: BRENT and WTI, and the two exchange rates: US dollar to Vietnamese dong and Euro to Vietnamese dong. Due to the presence of heteroskedasticity in our data, we use GARCH (1,1) regression model to perform our analysis. Our findings show that the oil price has a significant positive effect on the two Vietnamese stock market indices. In terms of the stock index volatility, both the VN index and HNX index volatilities are negatively impacted by the return of oil price. While the conclusion about the impact of oil price remained consistent through all three robustness tests, the effect of exchange rate on Vietnamese stock market indices is not consistent. We find thatchanges of the USD/VND exchange rate significantly impact the return and volatility of HNX index only in GARCH (1,1) setting. Our analysis also survives a number of robustness tests.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제1권6호
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• pp.603-611
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• 1997

The motor evoked potentials (MEPs) have been advocated as a method of monitoring the integrity of spinal efferent pathways in various injury models of the central nervous system. However, there were many disputes about origin sites of MEPs generated by transcranial electrical stimulation. The purpose of present study was to investigate the effect of major extrapyramidal motor nuclei such as lateral vestibular nucleus (VN) and medullary reticular nucleus (mRTN) on any components of the MEPs in adult Sprague-Dalwey rats. MEPs were evoked by electrical stimulation of the right sensorimotor cortex through a stainless steel screw with 0.5mm in diameter, and recorded epidurally at T9 - T10 spinal cord levels by using a pair of teflon-coated stainless steel wire electrodes with 1mm exposed tip. In order to inject lidocaine and make a lesion, insulated long dental needle with noninsulated tips were placed stareotoxically in VN and mRTN. Lidocaine of $2{\sim}3\;{\mu}l$ was injected into either VN or mRTN. The normal MEPs were composed of typical four reproducible waves; P1, P2, P3, P4. The first wave (P1) was shown at a mean latency of 1.2 ms, corresponding to a conduction velocity of 67.5 m/sec. The latencies of MEPs were shortened and the amplitudes were increased as stimulus intensity was increased. The amplitudes of P1 and P2 were more decreased among 4 waves of MEPs after lidocaine microinjection into mRTN. Especially, the amplitude of P1 was decreased by 50% after lidocaine microinjection into bilateral mRTN. On the other hand, lidocaine microinjection into VN reduced the amplitudes of P3 and P4 than other MEP waves. However, the latencies of MEPs were not changed by lidocaine microinjection into either VN or mRTN. These results suggest that the vestibular and reticular nuclei contribute to partially different role in generation of MEPs elicited by transcranial electrical stimulation.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.12-14
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• 1976

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국컴퓨터정보학회 2018년도 제58차 하계학술대회논문집 26권2호
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• pp.532-535
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• 2018

네트워크 커뮤니티 (NC)는 이종의 연결인 물리적 네트워크(PN)와 가상 네트워크(VN)를 망라하여 네트워크 내에서 나의 위치를 파악하고자 하는 분석방법으로서, 사용자가 NC 내에서 다른 노드에 얼마나 영향력이 있는지를 분석할 수 있다. 본 논문에는 NC 모델링 기법을 이용하여 실제 세계를 대변하는 PN과 VN을 방향성 있게 연결하여 '나'의 영향력이 실제로 변화하는 실험적 모델을 제시하였으며, 이 영향력 모델의 수치적 평가를 실험을 통해 제시하였다.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.10-14
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• 2016

Among the methods of treating tinnitus, the transcutaneous clectrical nerve stimulation (TENS) method of treating by electrical stimulation is common. However, there is a problem that surgical operation is required to stimulate the vagus nerve (VN) main trunk near most of the bronchus. Alternatively, we found that the same effect could be achieved by electrically stimulating the vagus nerve VN branch (Arnold's nerve) distributed in the outer ear. The TENS system for stimulation of vagus nerve has been developed, but it has not been able to implement to stimulate as a parameter optimized for the patient by simultaneously playing the sound of eliminating the tinnitus frequency. Therefore, in this paper, it is important to develop a safe and practical TENS device for tinnitus treatment based on a 32-bit microprocessor that simultaneously applies non-invasive and notched sounds and to develop optimal treatment methods for treating tinnitus.