• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.617-624
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• 2022

V2X를 탑재한 소형 전기운송차는 기존 자동차의 운전시스템에 더 많은 정보와 기능을 제공할 수 있다. V2X 기술의 주요 요소는 V2V(자동차 대 자동차), V2N(자동차 대 네트워크), V2I(자동차 대 인프라) 등이 있다. 본 연구는 외부장비와 연계되는 VI형 E-PTO를 설계하고 구현하는 것으로 E-PTO는 DC/DC 변환기, DC/AC 변환기, 배터리 양방향 충전시스템 등으로 구성된다. 또한 구동을 위한 기기와 제어시스템을 구현하였다. 기동/정지 및 정상상태 운전 통한 VI형 E-PTO 구성부품에 대한 시험결과는 100ms 이내 회복시간과 순간 전압변동율 10%의 허용 가능한 요건을 충족하였다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.123-130
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• 2021

Objectives: Control methods against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) aerosols have been introduced. Airborne spreading theories for SARS-CoV-2 were analyzed in this study. Methods: Control methods for airborne microorganisms were discussed. Studies on theoretical estimations for airborne spreading of SARS-CoV-2 were presented and analyzed. Analytic calculations were conducted for explaining control techniques for airborne microorganisms. Results: Control methods for SARS-CoV-2 aerosols can include physical or biological procedures. Characterization of SARS-CoV-2 aerosols and massive clustering infection cases of COVID-19 support the airborne spreading theories of SARS-CoV-2. It is necessary to consider the disadvantages of control methods for airborne microorganisms. Conclusions: A study on control methods against bioaerosols is necessary to prevent the spreading of viruses. Airborne spreading theories of SARS-CoV-2 were supported by the current evidence, but further studies are needed to confirm these theories.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.147-152
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• 1964

有機溶媒(benzene)에 의한 抽出法을 利用하고, 分光光度法에 의한 몰比法과 連續變化法을 써서, V(IV)-cupferrate와 V(V)-cupferrate의 化學沮成이 水溶液相에서 有機溶媒相으로 分配된 다음에도 雙하지 않을 것이라는 假定밑에서, 水溶液의 酸性度에 따르는 cupferrate 錯化合物의 化學組成을 決定하였다. V(IV)-cupferrate의 benzene 溶液에서의 最大吸光波長은 pH에 따라 445$m{\mu}$ 또는 450$m{\mu}$이고, V(V)-cupferrate의 그것은 pH 1.8以下에서는 pH에 無關하게 445$m{\mu}$이었다. V(V)-cupferrate의 化學組成은 沈澱이 形成되는 水溶液의 pH에 따라 다르며, pH 1.0 以下에서는 $VCupf_4$, pH 1.3∼1.7에서는 $HVOCupf_3$ 또는 $VCupf_4$와 $VOCupf_2$의 거의 같은 몰씩으로된 混合物이고, pH 1.8∼4.3에서는 $VOCupf_2$이었다. V(V)-cupferrate의 化學組成은 水溶液의 pH에 따라 變化가 없고, pH 1.8 以下에서는 $HVO_2Cupf_2$이었다.

• 한국재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국재료학회 2003년도 춘계학술발표강연 및 논문개요집
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• pp.131-131
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• 2003

Surface micromachined uncooled IR detector with the optimized VOx bolometric layer was fabricated based on sandwich structure of the V$_2$O$_{5}$V/V$_2$O$_{5}$. In order to improve the detectivity of the IR detector, we optimized a few factors in the viewpoint of bolometric material. Vanadium oxide thin film is a promising material for uncooled microbolometers due to its high temperature coefficient of resistance at room temperature. It is, however, very difficult to deposit vanadium oxide thin films having high temperature coefficient of resistance and low resistance because of process limits in microbolometer fabrication. In order to increase the responsivity and decrease noise, we increase TCR of bolometric material and decrease room temperature resistance based on the sandwich structure of the V$_2$O$_{5}$V/V$_2$O$_{5}$ by conventional sputter. By oxygen diffusion through low temperature annealing of V$_2$O$_{5}$V/V$_2$O$_{5}$ in oxygen ambient, various mixed phase vanadium oxide was formed and we obtained TCR in range of-1.2 ~-2.6%/$^{\circ}C$ at room temperature resistance of 5~100k$\Omega$.mega$.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.209-215
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• 1993

The aim of the present study was to derive regression equations for $\dot{V}o_{2max}\;vs.\;\dot{V}o_{2peak},\;and\;\dot{V}o_2\;vs.$ heart rate, exercise time, and other variables from maximal exercise tests on a treadmill using the Bruce and inclined protocols. Twelve male and 10 female Korean college students aged between 19 and 23 years voIunteered for this study. After the resting measurements, the subjects performed a maximal exercise on a treadmill according to the Bruce protocol. When the resting conditions were restored, the subjects performed another maximal exercise according to an inclined protocol where the speed was fixed at 8.05 $km{\cdot}h^{-1}$ and the grade was incremented starting from 09t by 2.5% for every 2 min. Peak $\dot{V}o_2$ observed during the Bruce exercise $(\dot{V}o_{2peak})$ was $37.7{\pm}2.4\;and\;31.7{\pm}1.8\;ml\;kg^{-1}\;min^{-1}$ in the male and female groups, respectively. Peak $\dot{V}o_2$ observed during the inclined exercise was higher than $\dot{V}o_{2peak}$ during the Bruce exercise. Maximum $\dot{V}o_2$ value observed during the tyro exercises $(\dot{V}o_{2max})$ was $43.0{\pm}2.8\;and\;36.2{\pm}1.4\;ml\;kg^{-1}\;min^{-1}$ in the male and female groups, respectively. Thus, $\dot{V}o_{2peak}$ by the Bruce protocol was about 12% (male) or 13% (female) lower than $\dot{V}o_{2max}$, and a linear relationship was found between $\dot{V}o_{2peak}$ and $\dot{V}o_{2max}$. The peak values of % $\dot{V}o_{max}$ with the Bruce protocol were $89.2{\pm}3.3\;and\;87.5{\pm}3.6%$ and those with the inclined protocol $97.7{\pm}1.8\;and\;96.9{\pm}2.0%$ in the male and female groups, respectively. In the female group, $%\dot{V}o_{2max}$ at a given workload was higher than in the male group, while $\dot{V}o_{2}$ per kg body weight was the same. Maximum HR observed during the two exercises was $204{\pm}2\;and\;195{\pm}3\;beat\;min^{-1}$ in the male and female groups, respectively. Linear relationships were found, excluding the last points, between 1) $\dot{V}o_{2}$ and exercise time, 2) $\dot{V}o_{2}$ and $%\dot{V}o_{2max}\;and\;%HR_{max}$.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제9권
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• pp.21-25
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• 1969

상엽의 수확고를 측정하기 위하여 상엽의 수량과 높음 상관관계가 있는 형질중 상전에서 쉽게 측정할수 있는 기조장(X$_1$), 기조직경(X$_2$), 엽수(X$_3$), 엽면적(X$_4$)의 4 개형질을 측정하여 이들 형질의 수량에 영향하는 가중치를 다중회분방정식에 의하여 계출하여 수량을 측정할수 있도록 여러가지 식을 유도하였다. 1. 기조장(X$_1$)과 기조직경(X$_2$)을 측정하여 수량을 측정하기 위하여는 개량서반에 었어서는 y$_1$v$_1$＝-115.760＋0.068X$_1$＋165.756X$_2$(g) 일지뢰에 있어서는 y$_1$v$_2$＝-221.500＋1.768X$_1$＋38.152X$_2$(g) 노상에 있어서는 y$_1$v$_3$＝-253.826-0.116X$_1$＋289.507X$_2$(g) 수원상 4호에 있어서는 y$_1$v$_4$＝ -157.559＋1.063X$_1$＋106.088X$_2$(g)의 식에 의해서 기조장(X$_1$)과 기조직경(X$_2$)의 측정치를 대입하면 수량을 견적할수 있다. 2. 기조장(X$_1$), 기조직경(X$_2$), 엽수(X$_3$)의 3 개형질을 측정하여 수량을 견적하는 데는 각품종별로 각각 y$_{7}$v$_1$＝-118.478-0.665X$_1$＋184.445X$_2$＋2.346X$_3$ y$_{7}$v$_2$＝-217.432＋2.062X$_1$＋35.668X$_2$-1.058X$_3$ y$_{7}$v$_3$＝-206. 249-0.739X$_1$＋268.08X$_2$＋2.770X$_3$ y$_{7}$v$_4$＝-153.383＋0.009X$_1$＋2.024X$_2$＋0.171X$_3$ 의 식에 의하여 수량을 견적할수 있다. 3. 기조장(X$_1$), 기조직경(X$_2$), 엽수(X$_3$), 엽면적(X$_4$)의 4개형질을 측정하고 수량을 견적하기 위하여는 각품종별로 각각 y$_{11}$v$_1$＝82. 567-1.283X$_1$＋15.501X$_2$＋0.640X$_3$＋3.511X$_4$ y$_{11}$v$_2$＝136.411＋0.311X$_1$＋1.921X$_2$-0. 217X$_3$＋0.214X$_4$ y$_{11}$v$_3$＝150.2Z7-0.139X$_1$＋11.788X$_2$＋0.143X$_3$＋0.381X$_4$ y$_{11}$v$_4$＝160.850＋0.323X$_1$＋66.076X$_2$-0.794X$_3$＋2..614X$_4$등의 식에 의하여 수량을 견적할수 있다.의하여 수량을 견적할수 있다.

• 한국정보처리학회논문지
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• 제6권8호
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• pp.2124-2132
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• 1999

Given a graph G=(V,E), Ld(2,1)-labeling of G is a function f : V(G)$\longrightarrow$[0,$\infty$) such that, if v1,v2$\in$V are adjacent, $\mid$ f(x)-f(y) $\mid$$\geq$2d, and, if the distance between and is two, $\mid$ f(x)-f(y) $\mid$$\geq$d, where dG(,v2) is shortest distance between v1 and in G. The L(2,1)-labeling number (G) is the smallest number m such that G has an L(2,1)-labeling f with maximum m of f(v) for v$\in$V. This problem has been studied by Griggs, Yeh and Sakai for the various classes of graphs. In this paper, we discuss the upper-bound of ${\lambda}$ (G) for a chordal graph G and that of ${\lambda}$(G') for a permutation graph G'.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.436-442
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• 1994

Aspergillus terreus NRRL 1960에 의한 이다콘산의 생산에 관해 연구하였다. pH, 접종량, 배지조성 등의 최적조건을 확립하였다. 이타콘산의 최대생산 량은 37°C, pH 2.5의 조건에셔, 5% (w/v) glu­c cose, 0.5 % (w/v) $NH_4Cl$, 0.2 % (w/v) yeast ex­tract, 0.1 % (w/v) $MgSO_4$, 0.2 % (w/v) NaCI을 포함하는 배지에서 7일만에 $19.18g/\ell$를 얻을 수 있었다. 종균배양 배지로서 2 % malt extract가 적합하였다. 교반식 반응기에서 유리균체에 의한 이타콘 산의 회분식 생산은 플라스크 배양에 비해 비효율적 이었다.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.661-677
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• 2015

In this paper, we consider the following Kirchhoff-type Schr$\ddot{o}$dinger system $$\{-\(a_1+b_1{\int}_{\mathbb{R^3}}{\mid}{\nabla}u{\mid}^2dx\){\Delta}u+{\gamma}V(x)u=\frac{2{\alpha}}{{\alpha}+{\beta}}{\mid}u{\mid}^{\alpha-2}u{\mid}v{\mid}^{\beta}\;in\;\mathbb{R}^3,\\-\(a_2+b_2{\int}_{\mathbb{R^3}}{\mid}{\nabla}v{\mid}^2dx\){\Delta}v+{\gamma}W(x)v=\frac{2{\beta}}{{\alpha}+{\beta}}{\mid}u{\mid}^{\alpha}{\mid}v{\mid}^{\beta-2}v\;in\;\mathbb{R}^3,\\u,v{\in}H^1(\mathbb{R}^3),$$ where $a_i$ and $b_i$ are positive constants for i = 1, 2, ${\gamma}$ > 0 is a parameter, V (x) and W(x) are nonnegative continuous potential functions. By applying the Nehari manifold method and the concentration-compactness principle, we obtain the existence and concentration of ground state solutions when the parameter ${\gamma}$ is sufficiently large.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제19권8호
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• pp.856-862
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• 1998

Vanadium oxide catalyst supported on ZrO2-WO3 was prepared by adding the Zr(OH)4 powder into a mixed aqueous solution of ammonium metavanadate and ammonium metatungstate followed by drying and calcining at high temperatures. The characterization of prepared catalysts was performed using solid-state 51V NMR and FTIR. In the case of calcination temperature at 773 K, for the samples containing low loading V2O5 below 18 wt % vanadium oxide was in a highly dispersed state, while for samples containing high loading V2O5 equal to or above 18 wt % vanadium oxide was well crystallized due to the V2O5 loading exceeding the formation of monolayer on the surface of ZrO2-WO3. The ZrV2O7 compound was formed through the reaction Of V2O5 and ZrO2 at 873 K and the compound decomposed into V2O5 and ZrO2 at 1073 K, which were confirmed by FTIR and 51V NMR.