• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.35 no.10
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• pp.3030-3034
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• 2014

Bis-chloroethylnitrosourea (BCNU) is currently used as an anti-cancer drug for glioblastoma therapy. In this study, BCNU was loaded into the hydrophobic cores of R3V6 amphiphilic peptide micelles for efficient delivery into brain tumors. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) study showed that the BCNU-loaded R3V6 peptide micelles (R3V6-BCNU) formed spherical micelles. MTT assay showed that R3V6-BCNU more efficiently induced cell death in C6 glioblastoma cells than did BCNU. In the Annexin V assay, R3V6-BCNU more efficiently induced apoptosis than did BCNU alone. Furthermore, the results showed that R3V6 was not toxic to cells. The positive charges of the R3V6 peptide micelles may facilitate the interaction between R3V6-BCNU and the cellular membrane, resulting in an increase in cellular uptake of BCNU. In vivo evaluation with an intracranial glioblastoma rat model showed that R3V6-BCNU more effectively reduced tumor size than BCNU alone. The results suggest that R3V6 peptide micelles may be an efficient carrier of BCNU for glioblastoma therapy.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.263-272
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• 2002

A total of 616 observations (308 in B, 308 in V) to. V523 Cas was made on three nights from October 19 to 21 in 1999 using the 1.8m telescope with 2K CCD camera of the Bohyunsan Optical Astronomy Observatory of KAO. With our data we constructed the BV light curves and determined 4 times of minimum light. We also obtained physical parameters of the system by combined analysis of both light and radial velocity curves using the Wilson-Devinney code.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.12.1-12.6
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• 2020

Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is an emerging swine enteric coronavirus that causes diarrhea in piglets. However, the biological characteristics of PDCoV are unclear. In this study, the hemagglutination (HA) abilities of two PDCoV strains (CH-01 and HNZK-04) were investigated. Our results showed that PDCoV has the ability to agglutinate rabbit erythrocytes after virion pretreatment with trypsin or neuraminidase. Additionally, the HA assay results showed a significant positive correlation with the infectious viral titer. Our results suggest that assessing the HA activity of PDCoV may be a useful diagnostic method for investigating and surveilling PDCoV infections.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1.1-1.16
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• 2021

The emergence of a new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has become a significant health concern worldwide. Undoubtedly, a better understanding of the innate and adaptive immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 and its relationship with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pathogenesis will be the sole basis for developing and applying therapeutics. This review will summarize the published results that relate to innate immune responses against infections with human coronaviruses including SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 in both humans and animal models. The topics encompass the innate immune sensing of the virus to the dysregulation of various innate immune cells during infection and disease progression.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Energy Engineering kosee Conference
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• 2010.04a
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• pp.172-172
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• 2010

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.175-180
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• 2011

In this study, the $TiO_{2}/V_{2}O_{5}$ hybrid semiconductors were prepared by mixing $TiO_{2}$ and $V_{2}O_{5}$, and a subsequent smash process to reduce the recombination of electron and improve the efficiency of solar cells. Dye-sensitized solar cells were constructed using the resultant hybrid semiconductor, and their electrochemical properties were also investigated. The photocurrent-voltage curve obtained with the cells indicated a significant increase in the efficiency from 2.9 to 5.7% by the factor of 2 compared to the result obtained only with $TiO_{2}$. It is believed that the introduction of $V_{2}O_{5}$ effectively transport electrons in the $TiO_{2}$ conduction band to FTO glass and suppress recombination with the dye and/or the electrolyte, thus yielding an efficient performance of the dye sensitized solar cell. The impedance values also indicated a decrease of resistance in the interface of $TiO_{2}$/dye/electrolyte supporting the constructive contributions of the smashed $TiO_{2}/V_{2}O_{5}$ hybrid semiconductors for the efficiency.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.16-21
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• 1967

This report describes actual fabrication mehod of Li drifted Ge detector. The gamma-ray spectrum from Cl(n, r) reaction measured by this Li drifted Ge detector are also shown. Energy resolution(FWHM) of this Li drifted Ge detector is 4.5KeV at the 122KeV( ), and 10KeV a the 1333KeV( ) respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.79-86
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• 2008

As a basic research for developing 600 MPa yield strength reinforcing steel bars, the strengthening of 0.25 wt.% carbon steel by vanadium addition was studied. The changes of microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated for the specimen V0 (0.00 wt.% V), V1 (0.03 wt.% V) and V2 (0.06 wt.% V) processed by various heat treatments. To set the heat treatment conditions, the continuous cooling transformation (CCT) curves were drawn for austenitizing temperatures of $900^{\circ}C$ and $1100^{\circ}C$. For specimens tempered at $600^{\circ}C$ after quenching from $900^{\circ}C$ and $1100^{\circ}C$, yield strength was increased by 19 MPa and 21 MPa for 0.01 wt % V addition, and tensile strength was increased by 25 MPa and 28 MPa for 0.01 wt % V addition, respectively. Also, for 0.06 wt.% V added specimens tempered after quenching and normalized, tensile strength was increased by 50 MPa and 30 MPa for increasing austenitizing temperature of $100^{\circ}C$, respectively.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.2.1-2.11
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• 2021

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an ongoing pandemic disease. In the current review, we describe SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T-cell responses in acute and convalescent COVID-19 patients. We also discuss the relationships between COVID-19 severity and SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell responses and summarize recent reports regarding SARS-CoV-2-reactive T cells in SARS-CoV-2-unexposed individuals. These T cells may be cross-reactive cells primed by previous infection with human common-cold coronaviruses. Finally, we outline SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell responses in the context of vaccination. A better understanding of SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell responses is needed to develop effective vaccines and therapeutics.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.3.1-3.16
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• 2021

Coronavirus disease 2019 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been spreading worldwide since its outbreak in December 2019, and World Health Organization declared it as a pandemic on March 11, 2020. SARS-CoV-2 is highly contagious and is transmitted through airway epithelial cells as the first gateway. SARS-CoV-2 is detected by nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal swab samples, and the viral load is significantly high in the upper respiratory tract. The host cellular receptors in airway epithelial cells, including angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and transmembrane serine protease 2, have been identified by single-cell RNA sequencing or immunostaining. The expression levels of these molecules vary by type, function, and location of airway epithelial cells, such as ciliated cells, secretory cells, olfactory epithelial cells, and alveolar epithelial cells, as well as differ from host to host depending on age, sex, or comorbid diseases. Infected airway epithelial cells by SARS-CoV-2 in ex vivo experiments produce chemokines and cytokines to recruit inflammatory cells to target organs. Same as other viral infections, IFN signaling is a critical pathway for host defense. Various studies are underway to confirm the pathophysiological mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Herein, we review cellular entry, host-viral interactions, immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 in airway epithelial cells. We also discuss therapeutic options related to epithelial immune reactions to SARS-CoV-2.