• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.22-29
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• 2006

We demonstrate highly manufacturable Multi-channel Field Effect Transistor (McFET) on bulk Si wafer. McFET shows excellent transistor characteristics, such as $5{\sim}6 times higher drive current than planar MOSFET, ideal subthreshold swing, low drain induced barrier lowering (DIBL) without pocket implantation and negligible body bias dependency, maintaining the same source/drain resistance as that of a planar transistor due to the unique feature of McFET. And suitable threshold voltage ($V_T$) for SRAM operation and high static noise margin (SNM) are achieved by using TiN metal gate electrode.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.12
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• pp.1790-1797
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• 2002

Lactic acid bacteria were isolated from piglets and chicken and characterized. Lactic acid bacteria showing resistance to low pH and bile, adhesion to intestinal epithelium cells, and the inhibition of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. were identified as Lactobacillus acidophilus. L. acidophilus PF01 survived for 2 h in MRS broth adjusted to pH 2. L. acidophilus CF07 was less resistant than L. acidophilus PF01 to pH 2, but survived at pH 2.5 for 2 h. Both of isolates were able to grow in MRS broth containing 0.3% (w/v) bile, with L. acidophilus CF07 being more tolerant to bile than L. acidophilus PF01. L. acidophilus PF01 and CF07 adhered specifically to the duodenal and jejunal epithelium cells of piglet, and the cecal and duodenal epithelium cells of chicken, respectively. Both of isolates did not adhere to the epithelium cells of the various animal intestines from which they were isolated. When L. acidophilus was cultured with E. coli and Salmonella spp. in MRS broth, MRS broth containing 2% skim milk powder or modified tryptic soy broth at $37^{\circ}C$, L. acidophilus PF01 and CF07 inhibited the growths of E. coli K88 and K99, and S. enteritidis and S. typhimurium, respectively. Both of isolates were found to possess the essential characteristics of probiotic lactic acid bacteria for piglet and chicken.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.309-314
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• 2006

The present investigation was undertaken to study the milkability characteristics of Holstein cows. Out of 6,660 initial records 4,607 records were finally included in the analysis after deleting some records with an abnormal range of values for the traits considered. These 4,607 Holstein cows belonged to a total of 122 herds located in a province in Korea. The 'LactoCorder' instrument was used to electronically record the milkability traits at the milking parlor. A total of 19 traits were studied which were broadly classified into milk yield, milking speed, milking time and the electrical conductivity related traits. The SAS 9.1 statistical software was used to carry out analyses. The average maximum milk flow per minute was 3.21 kg/min, while the average milking speed during the main milking process (DMHG) had a mean value of 2.30 kg/min. The total milk yield was 14.14 kg, 62% of which was milked during the first three minutes of the milking. The average total milking time was 8.23 min. Among the three phases of the main milking process, the time of stable milk flow had the longest time (2.97 min) followed by the time at the decline phase (2.62 min). The average time taken to reach the plateau phase was 1.08 min, which can still be reduced further through improved managemental practices. Among milk yield traits, milk yield during the first two (MG2) and three (MG3) minutes of milking had high positive correlation with milking speed traits and negative correlations with almost all the milking time traits except time of incline in milk flow from 0.5 kg/min till the attainment of the plateau phase (tAN). Milking speed traits had negative correlations with total milking time, time at main milking process, time at plateau and with the time at decline. Since there was medium to high negative correlation between the milking speed and the time at plateau, there is a need for selection of cows which have intermediate milking speed so that it could require less milking time and also the optimum (higher and longer) plateau time. Proper pre-stimulation and avoiding over milking will help in further reducing the milking time and thus will add to the net profit of the farmer.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.201-207
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• 2000

The traditional ripening method of clay was analyzed. An advanced refining method of clay using enrichment cultures of iron r reducing bacteria was developed. After the traditional ripening, the whiteness of the clay was increased due to removal of | iron impurities by inhabitant dissilmaltien with iron reducing bacteria. Other characteristics of the refined clay such as v viscosity, plasticity, and strength were also improved by iron reducing bacteria. An advanced method of clay refinement with a anaerobic enrichment cultivation of iron reducing bacteria supplemented with an extra carbon source such as glucose was s suggested. When the clay was treated by the advanced method. the refinement time could be reduced to 1/6 of that r required by the traditional method. The physical properties of the refined clay by the advanced method were better than t those of the traditionally refined clay.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.501-516
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• 2017

Skin colors of females between the ages of 25-35 from Korea, China, and Vietnam were measured in Seoul, Beijing, and Hanoi using the Minolta CM-600d spectrophotometer. CIE Lab and Munsell HVC data of the face (forehead and both cheeks) and body (neck and arm) were analyzed using t-test, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Duncan's Multiple Range Test, Linear Regression Analysis, and K-Means Cluster Analysis using SPSS software. Korean females showed the highest L and V values for the face and body; Vietnamese females showed the highest b value in the face and the highest a value in the body. Higher L and b values for the face were related to higher L and b values of the body; this relationship was more prominent in Korean females. The younger age group (25-29) showed higher L values and lower b values than the older age group (30-35). Females from Korea, China, and Vietnam were grouped into Type 1 and Type 2 based on skin color. Type 1 had darker skin with more redness and yellowness and Type 2 had lighter skin with less redness and yellowness. A total of 88.2% of Korean females belonged to Type 2, 80.4% of Vietnamese females were Type 1, and Chinese females indicated an even distribution of Type 1 and Type 2.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.155-162
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• 2013

The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of Cynanchum wilfordii (CW) on cell viability, anti-oxidant activity, volatile fatty acid (VFA) production and methane gas production. Collected rumen fluid incubated with CW powder (1% w/v) for 12 and 24 hours were analyzed for pH, VFAs and methane. Alamar blue assay showed no significant difference on the viability of 3T3-L1 and C2C12 cells treated with CW for 24 hours. TBARS data showed a dose dependent increase on the antioxidant activity of CW. VFAs increased in the CW-treated groups compared to the control group. In addition, propionate increased more than other VFAs by the treatment with CW. There was a significant decrease in methane gas production in batch culture treated with CW in 12hrs. In conclusion, it was suggested that Cynanchum wilfordii could manipulate rumen fermentation considered by increasing VFA production and inhibition of methanogenesis.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.457-466
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• 2013

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of breastfeeding education experience on knowledge, control beliefs, and future intention toward breastfeeding to consider the needs of breastfeeding education program of university students. The breastfeeding knowledge, control beliefs and related habits of 445 male and female college students were evaluated between September 1, 2011 to April 30, 2012. Data were collected from self-administered questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS for Window V.17.0. ${\chi}^2$-test, t-test and ANOVA were used for the calculation of differences between groups. The percentage of students who intended to breastfeed their baby was 80.7% (male: 73.6%, female: 84.2%). Only 21.6% of students experienced breastfeeding education. Students planned to get information related to breastfeeding from their mothers (32.4%), breastfeeding experts (23.8%) and Medical doctors & nurses (10.6%). breastfeeding education group showed higher knowledge level (14.46 vs 10.56) and control beliefs (3.48 vs 3.16) to breastfeeding than non-education group (p < 0.001). General attitude toward breastfeeding was similar between groups; the specific intention to breastfeed for 6 months was higher in the education group (83.3% vs 58.2%) (p < 0.01). Percentage of students who gave correct answers to knowledge questions related to breastfeeding was also higher in the breastfeeding education group than non-education group (72.3% vs 52.8%). Among 20 questions, only 2 questions showed no significant differences between the groups. These findings suggested that breastfeeding education was effective in encouraging or improving breastfeeding practices.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.124-127
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• 2002

LC aligning capabilities and the variation of pretilt angles with ion beam irradiation on the a-C:H thin films, and electro-optical (EO) performances of the ion beam aligned twisted nematic (TN)-liquid crystal display (LCD) with oblique ion beam exposure on the a-C:H thin film were studied. A high pretilt angle of $3.5{^{\circ}}$ via ion beam irradiation on the a-C:H thin film was measured. Also, the LC pretilt angle decreased due to the increase in surface roughness at over 2 min of IB exposure time. It is considered that this roughness increase due to increasing IB exposure time that generated destroy of oriented rings of atoms related to LC alignment. An excellent voltage-transmittance (V-T) curve of the ion beam aligned TN-LCD was observed with oblique ion beam exposure on the a-C:H thin film for 1 min. Also, a faster response time for the ion beam aligned TN-LCD with oblique ion beam exposure on the a-C:H thin film for 1 min can be achieved. Finally, the residual DC property of the ion beam aligned TN-LCD with ion beam exposure of 1 min on the a-C:H thin film is almost same as that of the rubbing aligned TN-LCD on a PI surface.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.153-170
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• 2013

This study examined awareness and information acquisition behavior regarding food hygiene and safety of university students to improve safe dietary practices and to get basic information to develop educational materials for food safety. It was conducted among 276 university students of Qingdao University and Liaocheng University in Shandong province, China through a self-administered questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS Windows V.19.0. To describe characteristics of the respondents, frequency distributions were used. In addition, t test, one-way analysis of variance and Duncan's multiple range tests were conducted. The results were as follows: The respondents were generally interested in food hygiene and safety. However, the level of awareness regarding the food hygiene and safety system in China was not high. Almost forty-five percent of the respondents did not think that foods produced and distributed in China were safe. For the reasons for their distrust, most of the students replied that they did not trust the safety 'because of distrust for hygiene of the food process', followed by 'because of distrust for food distribution' and 'because of excess or illegal use of food additives on food process'. The respondents answered for the concern level toward food hygiene and safety foodborne disease threatened food safety the most, followed by heavy metal contamination and endocrine disruptors. The respondents acquired most information from electronic media including TV and radio. Most of the students wanted to participate in food hygiene and safety education. Finally, when they found hazardous or foreign materials in food the most frequent reaction was 'paying attention in the next purchase', followed by 'notifying others', and 'letting it go this time but never buying that product in the future'.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.1153-1159
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• 2013

A novel solid-contact indium(III)-selective sensor based on bis-(1H-benzimidazole-5-methoxy-2-[(4-methoxy-3, 5-dimethyl-1-pyridinyl) 2-methyl]) thiosulfinate, known as an omeprazole dimer (OD) and a neutral ionophore, was constructed, and its performance characteristics were evaluated. The sensor was prepared by applying a membrane cocktail containing the ionophore to a graphite rod pre-coated with polyethylene dioxythiophene (PEDOT) conducting polymer as the ion-to-electron transducer. The membrane contained 3.6% OD, 2.3% oleic acid (OA) and 62% dioctyl phthalate (DOP) as the solvent mediator in PVC and produced a good potentiometric response to indium(III) ions with a Nernstian slope of 19.09 mV/decade. The constructed sensor possessed a linear concentration range from $3{\times}10^{-7}$ to $1{\times}10^{-2}$ M and a lower detection limit (LDL) of $1{\times}10^{-7}$ M indium(III) over a pH range of 4.0-7.0. It also displayed a fast response time and good selectivity for indium(III) over several other ions. The sensor can be used for longer than three months without any considerable divergence in potential. The sensor was utilized for direct and flow injection potentiometric (FIP) determination of indium(III) in alloys. The parameters that control the flow injection method were optimized. Indium(III) was quantitatively recovered, and the results agreed with those obtained using atomic absorption spectrophotometry, as confirmed by the f and t values. The sensor was also utilized as an indicator electrode for the potentiometric titration of fluoride in the presence of chloride, bromide, iodide and thiocyanate ions using indium(III) nitrate as the titrant.