• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.903-909
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• 2003

For the last two decades, energy utilization of growing chicks has been studied more and more. This paper focuses on the energy utilization estimated by the metabolizable energy (ME) values and the efficiency at which ME is used for growth of chicks under various nutritional environment. Degree of saturation of dietary fats is responsible for nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn) of fats. The effect of dietary fat sources on heat production depends on the kind of unsaturated fatty acids as well as the degree of saturation. Medium chain triglyceride shows lower AME and net energy than long chain triglyceride. Phytase as feed additives increases the AME values of the diet along with improvement of the phosphorous utilization. Ostriches have higher ability to metabolize the energy of fiber-rich foodstuffs than fowls. Their higher ability seems to be associated with fermentation of fiber in the hindgut. Proportions of macronutrients in the diets have influenced not only the gain of body protein and energy but also the oxidative phosphorylation of the chicken liver. Essential amino acids deficiency reduces ME/GE (energy metabolizability) little, if any. Growing chicks respond to a deficiency of single essential amino acids with the reduction of energy retained as protein and increased energy retained as fat. Thus, energy retention is proportional to ME intake despite deficiency, and efficiency of ME utilization is not affected by deficiency of amino acids. Effect of oral administration of clenbuterol, a beta-adrenergic agonist, on the utilization of ME varies with the dose of the agents. Although the heat production related to eating behavior has been estimated less than 5% of ME, tube-feeding diets decreases HI by about 30%.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.65-84
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• 2012

Because of the rising healthcare costs, there is a growing need for developing efficiency indicators for medical resources use and measuring efficiency of healthcare providers and healthcare systems using them. In this study, we aimed to develop efficiency indicators for medical resources use by means of Delphi technique. We systematically reviewed the existing measures of medical resource use. Thirty nine indicators were selected as a candidates across the six domains: medical personnel, medical equipment, medical facilities, ethical management, resource efficiency, and drug use. To develop efficiency indicators with professional consensus, a 2-round Delphi survey was conducted among 29 professional experts. The following indicators were selected based on the Delphi survey results: adjusted number of the patient per day and level of the nurse number medical personnel in medical personnel domain; the number of the scan a professional physician and the quality of the scan in medical equipment domain; bed utilization rate in medical facility domain; drug price reported pharmaceutical price by medical institutions, medical fee billing transparency, and medical care appropriateness in ethical management domain; costliness index in resource efficiency domain; and utilization of high cost drug and items per prescription in drug use domain. The efficiency indicators could provide valid information about efficiency of healthcare providers and healthcare systems with respect to their resources use and facilitate policies to improve their efficiency.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.10 no.7
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• pp.3026-3049
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• 2016

Cloud computing promises high performance and cost-efficiency. However, most cloud infrastructures operate at a low utilization, which greatly adheres cost effectiveness. Previous works focus on seeking efficient virtual machine (VM) consolidation strategies to increase the utilization of virtual resources in production environment, but overlook the under-utilization of backup virtual resources. We propose a heuristic time sharing policy of backup VMs derived from the restless multi-armed bandit problem. The proposed policy achieves increasing backup virtual resources utilization and providing high availability. Both the results in simulation and prototype system experiments show that the traditional 1:1 backup provision can be extended to 1:M (M≫1) between the backup VMs and the service VMs, and the utilization of backup VMs can be enhanced significantly.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.173-181
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• 2016

In this paper, a new technique for harmonic optimization in cascaded H-bridge 7-level inverters is proposed. The suggested strategy is based on minimizing an objective function which simultaneously optimizes the converter utilization and Total Harmonic Distortion (THD). The Switch Utilization Ratio (SUR) is formulized for both the phase and line-line voltages of a 7-level inverter and is considered in the final objective functions. Based upon the SUR formula, utilization ratio enhancement will reduce the value of feeding DC links, which improves the efficiency and lifetime of the circuit components due to lower voltage stresses and losses. In order to achieve more effective solution in different modulation indices, it is assumed that the DC sources can be altered. Experimental validation is presented based on a three-phase 7-level inverter prototype.

• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.200-215
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• 2023

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the Korean government's investment priorities for the establishment of a supercomputer joint utilization system using AHP. The AHP model was designed as a two-layered structure consisting of two areas of specialized infrastructure, a one-stop joint utilization system service, and four evaluation items for detailed tasks. For the weight of each evaluation item, a cost efficiency index considering the annual budget was developed for the first time and applied to the weight calculation process. AHP analysis conducted a survey targeting supercomputer experts and derived priorities with 22 data that had completed reliability verification. As a result of the analysis, the government's investment priority was high in the order of dividing infrastructure for each Specialized Center and building resources in stages. In the future, the analysis results will be used to select economic promotion plans and prepare strategies for the establishment of the government's supercomputer joint utilization system.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.100-103
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• 2017

Motion estimation occupies the largest computation in the video compression. Multiple processing elements are often exploited in parallel to meet processing speed. More processing elements increase processing speed, but they also increase hardware area. therefore, it is important to optimize the number of processing element. HEVC (high efficiency video coding) usually exploits multi-stage motion estimation algorithms for low computation and high performance. Since the number and position of search points are different in each stage, the utilization of the processing elements is not always 100% and the utilization is quite different with the number of processing elements. In this paper, the optimizing method is proposed on the number of processing elements. It finds out the optimal number of the processing elements for the given multi-stage motion estimation algorithm by calculating utilization and execution cycle of the processing elements.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.137-147
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• 1989

• 대한임상약리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.25-25
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• 2003

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2013.01a
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• pp.570-575
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• 2013

Enhancing utilization of buildings is gaining in importance in response to a challenging economy; thus, there is a need for a method that analyzes space, user, and user activity in an integrated way to provide project stakeholders with utilization information to support their decision-making about buildings. Conventional methods, such as architectural programming and post-occupancy evaluation, lack a formal relationship between user activity and other information, and therefore, are coarse-grained. This relationship has been formalized by two relatively new methods that provide fine-grained utilization information: workplace planning and space-use analysis. We characterize these two methods with focuses on their usage in different phases (i.e., planning, design, occupancy), required information that needs to be gathered, and the achievement and limitations in terms of three criteria, i.e., consistency, efficiency, and transparency. This characterization would not only help project stakeholders select and use a method that best meets their purposes for enhancing utilization of their buildings, but also provide researchers with promising research topics regarding enhancing utilization of buildings.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.686-693
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• 2000

Biomass yield, nutritive value and nutrient utilization efficiency of different genera of duckweed (DW, Lemnaceae) under the same nutritional and management conditions were studied. Three genera of DW namely: Lemna perpusilla, Spirodela polyrhiza and Woljfia arrhiza, were cultivated in 18 plastic sinks each of $59{\times}54{\times}35cm^3$ size. Each sink contained approximately 80 L of water and was charged once with 6.648 kg of anaerobically fermented cow dung effluent. The seed rate for Spirodela, Lemna and Wolffia were 600, 400 and $600g/m^2$ respectively. Duckweed were harvested at 48 hours intervals. Media total N concentration for Lemna and Wolffia gradually increased with time. Growth of duckweed was measured by subtracting the inoculum from the total biomass production. Growth of Spirodela ceased within 4 days but Lemna and Wolffia continue to grow up to 34 days. Bio-mass yield was significantly (p<0.05) higher in Wolffia (906 kg/ha/d) than Lemna (631 kg/ha/d). Dry matter (DM) yield was very similar in Lemna (14.80 kg/ha/d) and Wolffia (14.57 kg/ha/d). The N content was non-significant higher in Lemna (5.45%) than Wolffia (5.00%) and Spirodela (4.6%). The crude protein (CP, $N{\times}6.25$) yield was non-significantly higher in Lemna (4.83 kg/ha/d) than Wolffia (4.32 kg/ha/d). The acid detergent fibre (ADF) content was the highest in Wolffia (28.59%), followed by Spirodela (19.47%) and Lemna (12.39%). Utilization efficiency of CP was 273 and 314% respectively for Wolffia and Lemna. However, similar efficiency values for Spirodela was only 1.5%. Considering the bio-mass yield, nutritive value and nutrient utilization efficiency, production performance of DW were in the order of Lemna>Wolffia>Spirodela under the present experimental conditions.