• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제38C권9호
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• pp.764-774
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• 2013

4세대 셀룰러 네트워크의 데이터양이 증가하면서, 사업자들은 이를 수용하기 위한 네트워크의 용량 문제에 직면하였다. 따라서, 이 문제를 해결하고자 저렴하고 낮은 전력으로 동작하는 펨토셀이 제안되었는데, 이것은 실내 음영지역의 해소 및 사용자의 서비스 품질을 향상시키는 장점을 갖는다. 그러나 펨토셀 네트워크는 소수의 셀에 많은 부하 (Load)가 집중될 가능성이 있다. 이를 해결하고자, 부하 분산 (Load balancing) 알고리즘 중 하나인 MLB (Mobility Load Balancing) 알고리즘이 제안되었다. 이 알고리즘은 부하 분산을 위해 셀 외곽의 사용자를 인접한 셀로 강제 핸드오버한다. 본 논문에서는 주기적으로 동작하는 MLB 알고리즘에서, 주기가 변했을 때 네트워크 성능 지표들이 어떻게 변화하는지를 확인한다. 실험 결과, 짧은 주기로 동작할 때 데이터 차단율이 낮고, 긴 주기로 동작할 때 핸드오버의 빈도가 낮으며 시간당 처리량 (Throughput)이 높은 것을 확인하였다. 이 결과를 바탕으로, 본 논문에서는 적응적 (Adaptive) 주기의 MLB 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 제안된 알고리즘은 긴 주기와 짧은 주기로 동작하는 알고리즘의 장점을 모두 포함하는 것을 실험적으로 확인하였다.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2002년도 하계학술대회 논문집 D
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• pp.2718-2720
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• 2002

The algorithm that can estimate frequency in real-time by using the resampling of a signal which was known frequency band like biological signals, was suggested in this study. A sinusoid signal is simulated as a practical measured signal. The sinusoid signal is sampled by using the impulse-train, and is subtracted the backward sample from forward by the sampled signals. The continuous sign, such as positive, negative or zero is counted from the calculation result of the subtraction, and those is stored. Therefore, the measured frequency is estimated by using the magnitude of continuous sign and the sampling period. The algorithm designed in this study is proven through the computer simulation.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.447-457
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 초과확률 또는 비초과확률이 시간에 따라 변화한다는 비정상성을 가정하여 재현기간 산정에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 비정상성을 고려한 2가지 재현기간 산정 방법에 대해 검토하고 비정상성 Gumbel 모형을 이용한 빈도해석을 수행하여 초과확률및 비초과확률을 구한 뒤비정상성을 고려한 재현기간 정의에따른 우리나라 재현기간의 변화에 대해서 살펴보았다. 적용 대상으로는 자료기간 30년 이상을 보유하면서 일 강우 자료의 경향성이 나타나는 서귀포, 인제, 제천, 구미, 문경, 거창 등 6개 지점을 선정하였다. 적용결과 비정상성을 고려한 재현기간 산정 시 기존의 재현기간 산정방법과는 재현기간이 다르게 산정됨을 알 수 있었고, 재현기간이 커질수록 정상성 가정하의 재현기간과 비정상성 가정하의 재현기간 값의 차이가 더 커지는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 비정상성을 고려한 재현기간의 2가지 정의 중 기대 대기시간(expected waiting time) 정의에 의한 방법이 기대 초과사상 수(expected number of exceedance event) 정의에 의한 방법보다 작은 재현기간이 산정 되었다.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.71-76
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• 2017

Recently, there are various researches using inaudible high frequencies like as wireless communication based smart devices, data transmission algorithm, indoor positioning trace technologies. However, when they use high frequencies of inaudible range, they have a problem that the accuracy of data transmission with high frequencies was low because of interference from ambient noise in our real life. To solve this problem, in this paper, we proposed an application based on smart phone and server system for collection of ambient noise and detection of robust high frequency range. The server system could detect the robust high frequency range from statistical analysis of collected noise and the robust high frequency could avoid interference from ambient noise. We tested the proposed application's ability to gather noise and high frequencies for a certain period of time to evaluate performance. According to the testing results, we confirmed that the proposed application and server system could detect a robust high-frequency range via noise analysis in real life. Therefore, the proposed application and server could be a useful technology for future research on inaudible high frequencies.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 1988년도 한국자동제어학술회의논문집(국제학술편); 한국전력공사연수원, 서울; 21-22 Oct. 1988
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• pp.943-946
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• 1988

A simple method is proposed for determining the frequency response function G(j.omega.) of a system using a pair of characteristic M-sequences (maximum length linear feed back shift register sequence). When a characteristic M-sequence is sampled with q$_{1}$ and q$_{2}$ both of which are coprime with N, where N is the period of the M-sequence, the obtained pair of sequences have conjugate complex frequency spectrum. Making use of this fact, two charcteristic M-sequences having conjugate complex frequency spectrum are applied to a system to be measured. Since the magnitude of spectrium of M-sequence is known, the gain of G(j.omega.) is directly obtained from the Fourier transform of the system output. The phase of G(j.omega.) is obtained simply by taking the average of the two phases of output spectrum.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.69-78
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• 1986

This studies were established to find out the characteristics of frequency distributiom for the number of occurrence and magnitude, probable flood flows according to the return periods, design floods, and design frequency factors for the studying basins in relation to the risk levels which can be correlated with design return period and the life of structure in the non-annual exceedance series. Eight watersheds along Han, Geum, Nak Dong and Seom Jin river basin were selected as studying basins. The results were analyzed and summarized as follows. 1. Poisson distribution and Exponential distribution were tested as a good fitted distributions for the number of occurrence and magnitude for exceedance event, respectively,at selected watersheds along Han, Geum, Nak Dong and Seom Jin river basin. 2.Formulas for the probable flood flows and probable flood flows according to the return periods were derivated for the exponential distribution at the selected watersheds along Han, Geum, Nak Dong, and Seom Jin river basin. 3.Analysis for the risk of failure was connected return period with design life of structure in the non-annual exceedance series. 4.Empirical formulas for the design frequency factors were derivated from under the condition of the return periods identify with the life of structure in relation to the different risk levels in the non-annual exceedance series. 5.Design freguency factors were appeared to be increased in proportion to the return periods while those are in inverse proportion to the levels of the risk of failure. Numerical values for the design frequency factors for the non-annual exceedance series ware appeared generally higher than those of annual maximum series already published by the first report. 6. Design floods according to the different risk levels could be derivated by using of formulas of the design frequency factors for all studying watersheds in the nor-annual exceedance series.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.25-35
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• 2009

Climate change due to global warming possibly effects the agricultural water use in terms of evapotranspiration. Thus, to estimate rice evapotranspiration under the climate change, future climate data including precipitation, minimum and maximum temperatures for 90 years ($2011{\sim}2100$), were forecasted using LARS-WG. Observed 30 years ($1971{\sim}2000$) climate data and climate change scenario based on SRES A2 were prepared to operate the LARS-WG model. Using these data and FAO Blaney-Criddle method, reference evapotranspiration and rice evapotranspiration were estimated for 9 different regions in South Korea and rice evapotranspiration of 10 year return period was estimated using frequency analysis. As the results of this study, rice evapotranspiration of 10 year return period increased 1.56%, 5.99% and 10.68% for each 30 years during $2011{\sim}2100$ (2025s; $2011{\sim}2040$, 2055s; $2041{\sim}2070$, 2085s; $2071{\sim}2100$) demonstrating that the increased temperature from the climate change increases the consumptive use of crops and agricultural water use.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.21-28
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• 1980

In order to investigate the effect of cholinergic substance on the electrical and the mechanical activities of the stomach muscle, 10 isolated cat stomachs were studied. At various sites of a stomach muscle preparation, the electrical activity was monopolarly recorded by using capillary electrodes containing chlorided silver wires, and the isometric contractile activity was recorded simultaneously at the terminal portion of the antrum in Krebs solution$(36^{\circ}C)$ which was aerated with a gas mixture consisting of 95% $O_2$ and 5% $CO_2$. The recording of these activities were performed before (control period) and after acetylcholine$(10^{-5}M)$ and atropine $(10^{-6}M)$ administrations serially. Following results were obtained: 1) The mean frequency of the slow wave was $4.36{\pm}0.22\;cycles/min$ at all the various sites of the cat stomach. The slow wave was propagated caudad in sequence and its velosity of propagation increased as the slow wave approached the pylorus in normal Krebs solution. 2) After acetylcholine administration, the frequency of the slow wave increased transiently and the increase of slow wave frequency was followed by the isometric contraction of antral muscle in association with the second potential which succeeded the slow wave. 3) By atropine administration, the stimulatory effect of acetylcholine on the antral muscle contraction was abolished completely, and the frequency of the slow wave decreased significantly compared with that of the control period, which tendency was more prominent in the antrum. The above results suggest that the transient increase in the frequency of gastric slow wave by acetylcholine may have some influence upon the contraction mechanism of the cat antral muscle.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제30권9호
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• pp.763-777
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• 2021

The spatial characteristics of typhoon-class strong wind during the non-typhoon period were analyzed using, a cluster analysis of the observational data and of special strong wind advisories and, warnings issued by the Korean Meteorological Administration. On the Korean Peninsula, strong winds during non-typhoon periods showed a wide variety of spatial characteristics. In particular, the cluster analysis showed that strong winds could be classified into six clusters on the Korean Peninsula, and that the spatial distribution, occurrence rate of strong winds, and strong wind speed in each cluster were complex and diverse. In addition, our analysis of the frequency of issuance of special strong wind warnings showed a significant difference in the average frequency of strong wind warnings issued in metropolitan cities, with relatively high numbers of warnings issued in Gyeongsangbuk-do and, Jeollanam-do, and low numbers of warning issued inland and in other metropolitan cities. As a result of the changing trend in warnings issued from 2004 to 2019, Ulsan and Busan can be interpreted as having a relatively high number of warnings; the frequency of strong wind warnings issuances and strong wind occurrences in these cities is increasing rapidly. Based on the results of this study, it is necessary to identify areas with similar strong wind characteristics and consider specific regional standards in terms of disaster prevention.

• 천문학논총
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.595-597
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• 2015

LMC X-4 is an eclipsing high-mass X-ray binary exhibiting a superorbital modulation with a period of ~ 30:5 days. We present a detailed study of the variations of the superorbital modulation period with a time baseline of ~ 18 years. The period determined in the light curve collected by the Monitor of All-sky X-ray Image (MAXI) significantly deviates from that observed by the All Sky Monitor (ASM) onboard the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE). Using the data collected by RXTE/ASM, MAXI, and the Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) onboard Swift, we found a significant period derivative, $\dot{P}=(2.08{\pm}0.12){\times}10^{-5}$. Furthermore, the O{C residual shows complex short-term variations indicating that the superorbital modulation of LMC X-4 exhibits complicated unstable behaviors. In addition, we used archive data collected by the Proportional Counter Array (PCA) on RXTE to estimate the orbital and spin parameters. The detected pulse frequencies obtained in small time segments were fitted with a circular orbital Doppler shift model. In addition to orbital parameters and spin frequency for each observation, we found a spin frequency derivative of $\dot{v}=(6.482{\pm}0.011){\times}10^{-13}Hz{\cdot}s^{-1}$. More precise orbital and spin parameters will be evaluated by the pulse arrival time delay technique in the future.