• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.47-54
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the smartphone use patterns of smartphone-dependent children. Methods: The study design was a cross-sectional descriptive study. The data were derived from the 2017 survey on smartphone over-dependence conducted by the Ministry of Science and ICT and the National Information Society Agency. The study sample was 595 elementary school students identified as being smartphone-dependent. The data were analyzed by frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, the independent t-test, the x² test, the Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis. Results: The frequency of smartphone use was the factor strongly associated with more severe smartphone dependence in participants. Games were the most commonly used application type among participants, regardless of their degree of dependence. More severe smartphone dependence was associated with greater use of applications such as learning and television/video. Conclusion: As smartphone dependence becomes more severe, children tend to use their smartphones more frequently and to use applications that involve solitary play for the purposes of entertainment and pleasure. The findings suggest that the parents should attentively monitor their children's smartphone use patterns and provide consistent discipline in a way that ensures appropriate smartphone use.

• 한국정보시스템학회지:정보시스템연구
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.225-246
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• 2014

With the recent establishment of a ubiquitous environment and the paradigm shift to a smart society, the use of mobile devices, such as smart phones and tablet PCs, has become widespread. Thus, the trend is gradually shifting from using Web-based Instant Messenger to using Mobile-based Instant Messenger. Mobile Instant Messenger refers to a service that allows instant messaging as well as data sending and receiving between individuals with exclusive application programs(mobile Apps), which can be used in portable devices-such as smart phones-with wireless Internet access. Korea's portal sites, telecommunication companies, and even big companies have all rushed into the MIM market to join the competition. The reason so many companies are showing interest in the MIM business is because it is rising as a core platform to substitute portal sites in the mobile society, and MIM is perceived as the best means to attract and secure users. The intention to reuse or use continually was considered an important factor in maintaining a dominant position amidst such fierce competition, and consequently, most research thus far has reflected such thought. However, the frequent or long-term use of a system alone cannot indicate the definite success of the system, nor guarantee its dominant position in the market. On the contrary, MIM dependence, which goes beyond simple repetitive use and indicates a state where users actually or emotionally depend on a specific system, can better explain the user action. However, not much research has been conducted on dependence. The research results showed that lively message, concise message, message responsiveness, and social belonging significantly affected perceived usefulness. Message responsiveness, Link, and social belonging significantly affected flow. Flow significantly affected MIM dependence, and perceived usefulness did not affect MIM dependence. This study has proven that lively message, concise message, message responsiveness, Link, social belonging and perceived usefulness are important antecedents and mediating factors of MIM dependence. Moreover, this study is significant in that it explains the overall process of MIM dependence, and expands on the variety and scope of research that can be applied to MIM-related studies.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.111-121
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• 2017

스마트폰의 사용은 청소년뿐만 아니라 장, 노년층에서도 일상의 한 부분이 되고 있는 것에 비해 이들을 대상으로 한 스마트폰 과의존 관련 연구는 찾아보기 어렵다. 따라서, 본 연구는 전국의 장 노년층을 대상으로 스마트폰 과의존과 관련된 변인들을 탐색하기 위해 인구사회학적 변인, 스마트폰 사용 양, 스마트폰 사용 유형과 심리 정서적 변인이 장 노년층의 스마트폰 과의존에 미치는 영향을 확인하였다. 본 연구에서는 한국정보화진흥원의 2016년 인터넷 과의존 실태조사 자료 중 50대와 60대에 해당하는 5627명의 자료를 분석하였다. 위계적 다중회귀분석 결과, 스마트폰 주중사용횟수, 주말 사용횟수, 주중사용시간이 많을수록 그리고 정보추구와 게임을 위한 스마트폰 사용이 증가할수록 스마트폰 과의존이 높았다. 반면, 오락추구와 커뮤니케이션 유형은 스마트폰 과의존에 영향을 미치지 못했다. 또한, 외로움과 불안이 증가할수록 스마트폰 과의존이 증가한 반면, 사회적 자본이 클수록 스마트폰 과의존이 낮았다. 본 연구를 통해 장, 노년층의 스마트폰 과의존과 관련된 특성들을 이해하고, 이러한 지식을 장, 노년층의 스마트폰 과의존 문제를 해결하는데 활용할 필요가 있다. 향후 연구에서는 장, 노년층의 스마트폰 과의존에 영향을 미치는 예측변인들 간의 인과관계에 대한 가설검증도 필요해 보인다.

• 경영과학
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.11-29
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• 1997

This paper presents the better efficient evaluation of the Small and Medium Enterprises by use of fuzzy multi-criteria decision making methodology under intersectional dependence relations. The five Small and Medium Enterprises alternative will be evaluated by Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process(FAHP) based on entropy weight in this study. A case study is presented to illustrate the use of entropy weight measurement with intersectional dependence problems. These problems are evaluated seven criteria : market criteria, thchnology criteria, management ability criteria, planning criteria, propulsion ability criteria, project propulsion basis criteria, propulsion result criteria.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제19권39호
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• pp.265-274
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• 1996

This paper presents the intersectional dependence relations for the better efficient evaluation of the three tactical missile system(T.M.S) by use of multi-criteria decision making methodology. T.M.S alternatives A, B and C will be evaluated by Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) based on entropy weight in this study. A numerical example is presented to illustrate the use of entropy weight measurement with intersectional dependence problems. This problems are evaluated five criteria : tacticals criteria, technology criteria, maintenance criteria, economy criteria, advancement criteria.

• 의료법학
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.231-267
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• 2008

Tobacco has become the world's leading cause of deaths and diseases. And !be tobacco use and dependence itself is a kind of diseases, so-called "mental and be-havioural disorders due to use of tobacco" in "International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems(ICD-10)" and "Korean Standard Classification of Diseases". The tobacco use and dependence is a chronic disease that requires repeated clinical interventions and multiple attempts to quit. But effective treatments to the tobacco use and dependence are developed and exist that can significantly increase the rate of long-tenn smoking abstinence. So the physicians should warn smoking patients about the dangers of smoking to the health and the life, and the clinicians ought to provide one of more of the treatments which have been proven effective in helping smokers quit to smoke. It has been concluded that if a doctor failed to provide effective treatment for smokers, and the smokers subsequently died of the smokers-related conditions(tobaccosis) or became incapacitated by the tobaccosis the smokers were considered in the medical malpractice. Thus the smokers could sue the physician for medical malpractice, claiming that the doctor's legal responsibility of appropriate treatments including smoking-cessation which the physician deliberately or negligently breached.

• 한국초등수학교육학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.31-49
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 교육과정 속에서 수학교구의 구체적인 활용방안과 그 과정에 대해 연구하여 현행 교육과정에서의 수학교구 활용 수업에 도움을 주는데 목적을 두고, 수학교구를 수학수업에 활용한 후, 학습 능력 수준에 따른 학생들의 반응과 수학교구와 관련된 문제해결 과정에서 학습 능력 수준에 따른 교구 활용 의존도를 분석하였다. 그 결과, 수업이 진행되는 동안 모든 학습 능력 수준에서 높은 흥미도가 관찰되었고, 학습 능력 수준별로 교구를 활용하는 모습이 조금씩 다르게 나타났다. 또한, 학습 능력 수준이 낮을수록 높은 교구 활용 의존도를 나타내었으나, 교구에 대한 전적인 의존은 하 수준의 학생들에게 나타나는 무조건적인 현상이 아님이 관찰되었다.

• 한국통계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국통계학회 2003년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.269-273
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• 2003

We consider an efficient parametric estimation method of spatial dependence in weak stationary processes. Spatial dependence is modeled through variogram and correlogram. Most of parametric estimation methods of correlogram use two step method; nonparametric estimation and parametric integration. We bind these two steps into one step by using GEE method instead of least squares type optimization. Our one step method is more efficient statistically and gives a clear interpretation of related concepts used in traditional two step methods.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.355-363
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• 2014

본 연구는 Agnew의 GST에 기반하여 중학생의 휴대폰 의존에 미치는 영향을 알아보려 하였다. 연구대상은 한국아동청소년패널 2010 중1 패널 1차년도 데이터를 이용하여 총 2,151명을 최종 연구에 이용되었다. 연구의 분석방법은 AMOS 21 Ver.를 사용하여 구조방정식으로 검증하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 최종모형의 적합도 지수는 $X^2=1398.997$, df=144, GFI=.937, NNFI(TLI)=.902, CFI=.918, RMSEA=.061으로 나타나 GST이론을 통해 중학생의 휴대폰 의존에 대해 검증하는데 타당한 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 중학생의 긴장요인이 부정적 삶의 만족도를 형성하는데 통계학적으로 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 나타내는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로, 중학생의 부정적 삶의 만족도는 휴대폰 의존에 통계학적으로 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 중학생의 휴대폰 의존에 관한 프로그램 개발, 중재적 방안을 모색하는데 기초적 자료로 제공하려 한다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제53권11호
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• pp.3675-3684
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• 2021

Human reliability analysis (HRA) is a proactive approach to model and evaluate human systematic errors, and has been extensively applied in various complicated systems. Dependence assessment among human errors plays a key role in the HRA, which relies heavily on the knowledge and experience of experts in real-world cases. Moreover, there are ofthen different types of uncertainty when experts use linguistic labels to evaluate the dependencies between human failure events. In this context, this paper aims to develop a new method based on linguistic hesitant fuzzy sets and the technique for human error rate prediction (THERP) technique to manage the dependence in HRA. This method handles the linguistic assessments given by experts according to the linguistic hesitant fuzzy sets, determines the weights of influential factors by an extended best-worst method, and confirms the degree of dependence between successive actions based on the THERP method. Finally, the effectiveness and practicality of the presented linguistic hesitant fuzzy THERP method are demonstrated through an empirical healthcare dependence analysis.