• 인간식물환경학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.153-167
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• 2021

Background and objective: With the revision of the Act on Urban Parks, Green Areas, Etc. in 2013, the "urban agricultural park" was newly established under the subcategory of "themed park," thereby establishing the institutional basis for the creation of urban agricultural parks. However, urban agricultural parks are still in the early stages of their introduction. There is a lack of research on direction setting and specific operation management that considers urban residents' needs and the city's physical infrastructure. Methods: We utilized the public service design process suggested by the Ministry of the Interior and Safety of the Republic of Korea in 2019 to identify problems and develop directions for urban agricultural parks. The process consisted of the following four steps: Understanding, Discovering people's needs, Defining real problems, and Developing ideas. Results: As four types of ideas for revitalizing urban agricultural parks, 'information users want to know,' 'user participation in design,' 'venue for local communities,' and 'urban agricultural parks as health and rest areas' were derived. This means that urban agricultural parks must provide the information users want; users must plan, decide, and implement such information by directly participating in the creation and efficient management and operation of urban agricultural parks; and urban agricultural parks must be used as a venue for local communities. Urban agricultural parks should also be spaces for health and relaxation. Conclusion: Urban agricultural parks should avoid the unified space and passive participation patterns of existing urban parks, and become real spaces for resident participation that can satisfy all the production, leisure, landscape, ecology, and psycho-social needs of the users of urban agricultural parks. Furthermore, it is necessary to introduce a more systematic and diverse operating system so that it can work to revitalize the local community and connect organically with the function of the city.

• 인간식물환경학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.545-555
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to analyze land use plans of 61 residential complexes and identify the factors that caused the variation of urban parks and green space ratio depending on the land ownership processing method. The ratio of urban parks and green space of expropriation districts was higher than that of replotting districts. Within the same city and country as well as other regions, the parks and green space ratio of land expropriation districts increased higher than 7% compared to that of replotting districts. The variation of urban parks and green space ratio was mainly related to the ratio of road. Small housing complexes such as detached house and quasi-residential sites resulted to expand space for road construction, thus, the areas of urban parks or green space came to reduce. The average urban parks and green space ratio in the urban development by the expropriation method and replotting method are 24.5% and 16.8% respectively. In order to prevent the reduction of urban parks and green space ratio according to the preference of detached house sites or quasi-residential sites in development zones, it is necessary to make systematic adjustment such as adjusting the urban parks and green space ratio securing standard.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2020

In order to improve the urban thermal environment, efforts are being made to increase green areas in cities that include park construction, planting, and green roofing. Among these efforts, urban parks play an important role not only in improving the urban thermal environment, but also in terms of ecosystem services (serving as resting places for citizens, providing cleaner air quality, reducing noise, etc.). Therefore, the purpose of this study is to suggest planning and management guidelines for urban parks that are effective in improving the thermal environment, by analyzing the urban surface temperature reduction performance of urban parks. To do this, first, land surface temperature was calculated by using Landsat 8 images. Second, the PCI (Park Cool Island) index was calculated to identify the temperature reduction performance of urban parks. Third, the characteristics of parks (area, shape, vegetation) and the surrounding spatial characteristics (land cover, building-related variables, etc.) were identified. Finally, the relationship between the PCI indices (PCI scale, PCI effect, PCI intensity) and the characteristics of the parks and their surroundings were analyzed. The results revealed that the parks consisting of a larger area, simple shape, and higher tree coverage ratio had increased PCI performance, and were advantageous for improving the urban thermal environment. Meanwhile, PCI performance was found to have decreased in areas with a higher impermeable area ratio and building coverage ratio. The outcomes of this study can be used to identify priority areas for planning and management of urban parks and can also be utilized as planning and management guidelines for improving urban thermal environment.

• 농촌계획
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.81-90
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• 2012

Urban parks are progressing but are in chaos in the twenty-first century. Therefore the purposes of this study are to consider critically and classify the new paradigm of urban parks. Urban parks are one of the space products, and progressing aspects can be divided into three parts; supply, demand and market aspects. In the abstract, urban parks' progress represents process, openness or voidness, general and cultural ecology, productivity, experience program, identity or sense of place, carriers of urban regeneration, urban infrastructure, community space, multi-layered activity, active space, communication with urban space, tool of low carbon strategy and consilience. But urban parks have come under increased criticism about the long period development on trees growth, covering open space, limitation of general and cultural ecology, production, activity programs, identity and community space, visible urban regeneration, economic validity, urban sprawl, not using as the low carbon strategy, and finally negative consilience with contiguous fields. We collected these critical consideration about progressing urban parks, and proposed urban agricultural park as one of the alternative urban parks. This is closely connected with sustainable region development, low-carbon society, local food, well-being, Lohas paradigm and amenity of urban life.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2012

The objective of this study is to analyze the distribution of urban parks and its problems in a city in Gyeonggi-do where new towns and old towns are mixed. The study will also analyze and understand the unbalanced deployment of urban parks - rest areas and carbon absorbers of an entire city - between old towns and new towns, suggest improvement opportunities and examine and suggest plans to create and expand urban parks in old cities that lack urban parks. Findings showed that first, new towns were 1.2~1.6 higher than old towns in the number of parks, park area, and per capita park area, indicating that parks were unbalanced across towns. Second, as for a plan for improving the unbalanced deployment of urban parks, when the use area needs to be changed in an urban development project, it was suggested to donate 10% of the project site to the city to create it into a park and it was suggested to identify and proactively improve alternative park resources that can replace parks such as rivers and recreational sites. Third, regarding a plan for improving urban parks in old towns, it was suggested to secure urban parks by attracting various urban development projects to old town areas. The amendment of related laws was proposed to double required park area to $6m^2$ per household. Amendments were also suggested for one law and four guidelines to specifically define the location of urban parks as well.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.98-127
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• 1991

This study has purposes of not only establishing urban community park systems and index for designing the parks, which were reviewed from Korean urban community parks, but also finding the relation and the enticing area according to the catchment of urban community parks. This paper suggested two hypotheses. a. The strength of the catchment force of urban community parks can be represented to the usetimes or visitors of the parks, related with the distance for reaching the parks. b. The strength of the catchment force of the parks can be found to express the idiosyncratic one according to the qualitative differences between the parks. The suggested hypotheses were testified from Korean 9 urban community parks in Seoul., Suwon, Chongju, and Chonan, conforming the multiregressions of the variables, distance and usetime in the case of the first hypothesis, scale, the ratio of green space, population, the budget for the park, facilities and the function of the city in the case of the second hypothesis. All the correlation coefficients of usetime with distance except one were over about 0.8. The second hypothesis was testified with multiregressions for the variables. Therefore, the enticing area could be divided into three zones ; a closed aone to parks, a good used aone for parks, a possible zone for using parks.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.16-31
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• 2007

This study is aimed at classifying different types of parks in Gwang-Ju city and providing efficient Planning and guidelines to satisfy the needs of park users. The first stage of this study was accomplished by site surveys of neighborhood parks in Gwang-Ju where park types, locations, neighboring conditions, park layout, and other physical environments were surveyed for the specific status of parks. With those basic data, urban neighborhood park types were classified into different categories: 1) urban neighborhood parks; 2) riverside neighborhood parks; and 3) natural(mountain side) neighborhood parks. For the second stage of this study, behavior patterns and satisfaction were investigated to provide empirical data on the relationship between the physical environment and human behavior. The main findings of this study can be summarized as follows: 1. The highest level of satisfaction for the users of urban neighborhood parks in Gwang-Ju city is the accessibility of the parks which are small but located in neighborhoods, The users tend to visit the nearby parks regardless of size. 2. The users have relatively high levels of satisfaction for urban neighborhood parks which have a lot of green zones or park facilities. Therefore, the park planner should consider the natural environment in the park area and should reconsider the type of park in the planning process. 3. The different types of urban neighborhood parks in Gwang-Ju city do not affect the level of satisfaction and the motivation of park visits. However, the accessibility of the parks is the most important factors of users' satisfaction regardless of the type of the park. 4. The level of user satisfaction for all of the urban neighborhood parks in Gwang-Ju city indicates that the users have a relatively low level of satisfaction. Especially, 26.2% of the users have a high level of dissatisfaction. The new parks, which have recently been developed, have a higher level of satisfaction than the old parks which have a lack of facilities, insufficient maintenance, and poor management planning in the park. 5. As a result of factor analysis, all city neighborhood parks showed a similar tendency with urban type parks, but showed a tendency that was different from the other park types.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제15권12호
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• pp.1163-1170
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• 2006

This study aims to examine what factors park users value in urban parks and to find ways to elevate user satisfaction for the creation and usage of an urban park. To achieve this, the study relied on two methods: the descriptive method of researching publications and related scholastic writings, and the empirical study method including a survey of present condition and interviews with users. The result shows that the 'sense of nature' is more important than 'functional facilities' in urban natural parks and 'management part like safety and cleanliness of park' is more important than 'utilizing facilities' in urban neighborhood parts. Generally, the importance rating of urban parks visitors felt in them were higher than the satisfaction rating, in terms of living surroundings. Factor analysis resulted in six factors in a natural park and in eight factors in a neighborhood park. Regression analysis in a natural and a neighborhood park showed a positively correlated factor: benefits sought, suggesting that people recognize the importance of urban parks through the benefits they gain in them and the satisfaction they find in urban parks depends on utilizing facilities. Therefore, in urban natural parks, people will find greater satisfaction through pursuit of the benefits they are seeking; improvements to park facilities should address the benefits that park users are seeking.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.71-83
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• 2007

This study aims to provide basic data for planning the supply and demand of urban parks and setting up facilities in urban parks that reflect the use patterns of visitors. The study was conducted by surveying the total number of urban park users and the number of users for different time zones and analyzing their use patterns through on-site surveys at 17 urban parks located in seven cities/counties in Gyeonggi province. The result showed that as for distribution of urban park users by time zone, the number of users was highest in the afternoon. Between 7 and 9 o'clock in the morning in weekdays, many users came to urban parks for their morning exercises. There was hardly no difference between male and female. When the number of users of 17 urban parks was surveyed, a park was used by 734 people per day on weekdays in average. When the total number of users per year was estimated, a resident nearby a park visited the place 4.7 times a year in average. In addition, the analysis showed that the number of users of man-made parks was twice as high as that of natural parks. The number of users did not vary depending on the size of a park. As for use patterns by time zone, no difference was found in activity types between parks larger than 100,000 $m^2$ and those less than 100,000 $m^2$. Usually, in the morning, users came for exercises In the afternoon, users visited the parks for more diverse purposes. In the evening, they tended to visit parks to work out and wrap up a day. Going forward, the outcome of this study should be utilized as important data for analyzing the demand and supply of urban parks. In addition, the number of users by time zone and their use patterns should be fully considered when introducing facilities in parks.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.20-33
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• 2020

본 연구는 국제적으로 도시공원의 유산 가치를 인정하고 보존하려는 움직임에 주목하여 국제사회에서 논의되고 있는 도시공원의 보존 동향을 살펴보고자 했다. 국제적으로 '역사적 도시공원' 개념이 등장하게 된 배경과 추진상황을 확인하고, 도시공원의 보존과 관리를 이미 수행하는 영국, 미국, 일본의 사례를 분석하였다. 문화유산의 보전·관리를 중시하는 국제 전문가집단인 ICOMOS에서는 최근 ICOMOS-IFLA 문서를 통해, 역사적 도시공원의 사회적·무형적 가치, 심미적 가치, 생태적 가치, 시민 사회적 가치를 지속하고, 공간 구성, 지형, 빛, 환경과 같은 공원 요소를 보존해야 한다고 하였다. 영국과 미국, 일본은 역사적 도시공원 보존 동향이 나타나게 된 배경, 실제 보존 체계, 보존 대상으로 고려하는 도시공원, 공원 내 보존 요소에 저마다의 특성이 있다. 영국은 시기별로 나타나는 공원의 디자인을 존중하고, 각 시기를 대표하는 공원의 형태 요소를 보존하고자 한다. 미국은 공원의 의미를 물리적 형태뿐 아니라, 문화, 기념성, 사회적 가치 등 다양한 각도에서 파악하여 보존할 공원을 선정하고 관리한다. 일본은 보존 가치가 있는 근대공원을 조사해 선별하고, 공원의 보존 관리를 정책적으로 시행하기 시작했다. 전문가들은 역사적 도시공원의 보존은 기존 정원이나 공원과는 다른 방향으로 이루어져야 한다고 주장한다. 그럼에도 각국 사례를 보면 아직은 문화유산과 도시공원을 다루는 행정과 법제에 따라 물리적 요소를 보존하는데 다소 한정되어 있었다. 변화하는 유산의 개념과 정의의 맥락에서 도시공원의 보존 기준과 방법 또한 발전하고 정교해질 것이다. 도시공원은 역사적으로 여러 가치가 축적된 공간이며, 공원과 도시민의 기억에 많은 역사적 의미를 내재하고 있다. 국제적으로는 이러한 공원의 역사적 가치를 존중하고 보존하는 방향으로 관리가 진행되고 있음을 확인하였다. 도시공원의 가치를 보존하고자 하는 국제 동향은 운영과 관리 문제에 직면한 우리의 도시공원에 시사하는 바가 크다.