Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.13087/kosert.2020.23.5.1

Heat Mitigation Effects of Urban Space based on the Characteristics of Parks and their Surrounding Environment  

Suh, Jung-Eun (Dept. of Urban Planning and Engineering, Hanyang University)
Oh, Kyu-Shik (Dept. of Urban Planning and Engineering, Hanyang University)
Publication Information
Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology / v.23, no.5, 2020 , pp. 1-14 More about this Journal
Abstract
In order to improve the urban thermal environment, efforts are being made to increase green areas in cities that include park construction, planting, and green roofing. Among these efforts, urban parks play an important role not only in improving the urban thermal environment, but also in terms of ecosystem services (serving as resting places for citizens, providing cleaner air quality, reducing noise, etc.). Therefore, the purpose of this study is to suggest planning and management guidelines for urban parks that are effective in improving the thermal environment, by analyzing the urban surface temperature reduction performance of urban parks. To do this, first, land surface temperature was calculated by using Landsat 8 images. Second, the PCI (Park Cool Island) index was calculated to identify the temperature reduction performance of urban parks. Third, the characteristics of parks (area, shape, vegetation) and the surrounding spatial characteristics (land cover, building-related variables, etc.) were identified. Finally, the relationship between the PCI indices (PCI scale, PCI effect, PCI intensity) and the characteristics of the parks and their surroundings were analyzed. The results revealed that the parks consisting of a larger area, simple shape, and higher tree coverage ratio had increased PCI performance, and were advantageous for improving the urban thermal environment. Meanwhile, PCI performance was found to have decreased in areas with a higher impermeable area ratio and building coverage ratio. The outcomes of this study can be used to identify priority areas for planning and management of urban parks and can also be utilized as planning and management guidelines for improving urban thermal environment.
Keywords
Urban parks; Temperature reduction; Characteristics of Parks; PCI(Park Cool Island);
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 6  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Kim, E. . Lee, D. . Yoon, E. and Park, C. 2019. Exploration of Optimal urban green space using unused land -To improve green connectivity and thermal environment-. Journal of the Korea Society of Environmental Restoration Technology. 22(5): 45-56. (in Korean with English summary)
2 Kim, GH. . Kim, SB and Jung, EH. 2004. A Study on Green Net-Work Construction for Urban Heat Island Mitigation in Dalseo District, Daegu Metropolitan City. Journal of the environmental Sciences. 13(6): 527-535. (in Korean with English summary)   DOI
3 Kwon YA. 2002. The influence of urban green areas on ambient air temperature in seoul. Ph.D dissertation, University of Konkuk. (in Korean)
4 Li, J. . Song, C. . Cao, L. . Zhu, F. . Meng, X. and Wu, J. 2011. Impacts of landscape structure on surface urban heat islands: A case study of Shanghai, China. Remote Sensing of Environment. 115(12): 3249-3263.   DOI
5 Lee, K and Hong, W. 2008. A Study on the Urban Heat Environment Pattern Analysis and Alleviation Plan. Architectural institute of Korea. 24(9): 253-260. (in Korean with English summary)
6 Lee, S. . Lee, K. . Zheng, H. . Jin, W. . Shin, D. and Woo, C. 2008. Cooling Effects of Botanical Garden in Urban Campus during Summer. Journal of the Korea Society of Environmental Restoration Technology. 11(5): 72-78.(in Korean with English summary)
7 McGarigal, K. and Marks, B.J. 1995. FRAGSTATS: spatial pattern analysis program for quantifying landscape structure. General Technical Report. United States Department of Agriculture.
8 Oh, K. and Hong, J. 2005. The relationship between urban spatial elements and the urban heat island effec. Urban Design Institute of Korea. 6(1): 47-63. (in Korean with English summary)
9 Park, JH. and Cho, GH. 2016. Influence of park size on the park cooling effect - Focused on Ilsan new town in Korea. Journal of Korea Planning Association. 51(5): 247-261. (in Korean with English summary)   DOI
10 Onishi, A. . Cao, X. . Ito, T. . Shi, F. and Imura, H. 2010. Evaluating the potential for urban heat-island mitigation by greening parking lots. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. 9(4): 323-332.   DOI
11 Rinner, C. and Hussain, M. 2011. Toronto's Urban Heat Island-Exploring the Relationship between Land Use and Surface Temperature. Remote Sensing, 3(6): 1251-1265.   DOI
12 Stewart, I.D. and Oke, T.R. 2012. Local Climate Aones for Urban Temperature Studies. American Meterological Studies. 93(12): 1879-1900.   DOI
13 Seo, J. and Sung, H. A Study on the User-driven Urban Park Development Plan Awareness Survey - Focusing on Lawns.Grass Area-. Journal of the Korea Society of Environmental Restoration Technology. 12(2): 61-72. (in Korean with English summary)
14 Smith, R. and Oke, T. 1998. The thermal regime of urban parks in two cities with di erent summer climates. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 19: 2085-2104.   DOI
15 Song, B. and Pakr, K. 2013. Air Ventilation Evaluation at Nighttime for the Construction of Wind Corridor in Urban Area. Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies, 16(2): 16-29. (in Korean with English summary)   DOI
16 Sun, R. and Chen, L. 2012. How can urban water bodies be designed for climate adaptation? Landscape and Urban Planning. 105: 27-33.   DOI
17 USGS, 2016. Landsat8(L8) data users handbook. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey.
18 https://kostat.go.kr/portal/korea
19 Xu, D.. Zhou, D.. Wang, Y.. Xu, W. . Yang, Y. 2019. Field measurement study on the impacts of urban spatial indicators on urban climate in a Chinese basin and static-wind city. Building and Environment. 147: 482-494   DOI
20 Zolch, T. . Rahman, M.A. . Pfleiderer, E. . Wagner, G. and Pauleit, S. 2019. Designing public squares with green infrastructure to optimize human thermal comfort. Building and Environment. 149: 640-654.   DOI
21 https://map.kakao.com
22 https://www.suwon.go.kr/intro.jsp
23 Landsberg, H.E. 1981. The urban climate. Academic press.
24 Feyisa, G.L. . Dons, K. and Meilby, H. 2014. Efficiency of parks in mitigating urban heat island effect: An example from Addis Ababa. Landscape and Urban Planning. 123: 87-95   DOI
25 Alavipanah, S.․Wegmann, M.․Qureshi, S.․ Weng, Q. and Koellner, T. 2015. The Role of Vegetation in Mitigating Urban Land Surface Temperatures: A Case Study of Munich, Germany during the Warm Season. Sustainability. 7(4): 4689-4706.   DOI
26 Bowler, D. E.․Lisette, B.․Knight, T. M. and Pullin, A. S. 2010. Urban greening to cool towns and cites: A systematic review of the empirical evidence. Landscape and Urban Planning. 97: 147-155.   DOI
27 Ca, V. T.․Asaeda, T. and Abu, E.M. 1998. Reductions in air conditioning energy caused by a nearby park. Energy and Buildings. 29: 83-92.   DOI
28 Cao, X.․Onishi, A.․Chen, J. and Imura, H. 2010. Quantifying the cool island intensity of urban parks using ASTER and IKONOS data. Landscape and Urban Planning. 96: 224-231.   DOI
29 Chang, C.․Li, M. and Chang, S. 2007. A preliminary study on the local cool island intensity of Taipei city parks. Landscape and Urban Planning. 80: 386-395.   DOI
30 Demuzere, M.․Orru, K.․Heidrich, O.․ Olazabal, E.․Geneletti, D.․Orru, H.․ Bhave, A.G.․ Mittal, N.․Feliu, E. and Faehnle, M. 2014. Mitigating and adapting to climate change: Multi-functional and multi-scale assessment of green urban infrastructure. Journal of Environmental Management. 146:107-115.   DOI
31 Howard, L. 1833. The climate of London: deduced from meteorological observations made in the metropolis and at various places around it electronic resource. Harvey and Darton.
32 IPCC, 2014. Climate Change 2014. Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland.
33 Jaurecui, E. 1990. Influence of a Large Urban Park on Temperature and Convective Precipitation in a Tropical City. Energy and Buildings. 15: 457-463.   DOI