• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.81-90
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• 2002

Remote Sensing has been very useful tool in monitoring of cities and updating of GIS database compare to traditional methods due to its benefit; wide range covering on low cost and advanced data collection. However it had come to a limited method in limited researches because of its relatively poor spatial resolution in scanning. Recently launched satellites are able to produce improved imageries, and new commercial services have been commenced for the use of general public with higher spatial resolution up to $1m{\times}1m$. This study tackled a potential use of these improved satellite imageries in urban planning based on the Multi-temporal satellite imagery with particular reference to monitoring on urban areas, for example urbanization and its expanding. i) Portion of individual features and elements in each pixel of satellite imagery was computed based on 'Endmember' of targeted elements. ii) Urbanized areas were categorized based on the 'Fraction imagery' derived from the 'SMA algorithm'. iii) Alterations and expanding of urban areas were identified based on the Multi-temporal satellite imageries. Tested method showed a strong potential to produce more advanced monitoring skills of urban areas.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.21 no.4 s.55
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• pp.323-330
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• 2006

The aim of current study was to evaluate the toxicity of nonylphenol(NP) on soil nematode, Caenorhabditi elegans. The stress-related gene expression, growth, reproduction and development have been employed to monitor soil toxicity. The 24-h median effect concentrations $(LC_{50s})$ of NP was $0.15mg/L$. The expressions of vitellogenin-6, vitellogenin-2, cytochrome P450 family protein 35a2 and apoptosis enhancer-1 genes were upregulated in C. elegans by NP exposure. Alterations in growth, reproduction and development were also observed in NP-exposed group and especially hatching failure was observed. The overall results indicate that C. elegans has considerable potential as sensitive markers for NP toxicity monitoring.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.83-94
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• 2003

All the urban planning process require land use informations, which should be obtained after through intensive investigation and accurate analysis about the past and current situations and conditions of a city. Until now, the generation of land use informations from remotely sensed imagery has had many limitation because of its spatial resolution. It is now expected that the availability of high resolution satellite imagery whose spatial resolution less than 10m will reduce these limitations. For the purpose of urban growth monitoring we must first establish a urban land use classification nomenclature. In this study, we would like to establish a land use nomenclature for land use classification using remotely sensed data, especially using KOMPSAT EOC imagery.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.133-142
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• 2001

Growth of cities and an increase in population result in the development-oriented policy, urban streams to lose their natural characteristics and functions by channelization, parking lot construction, and so forth. The streams fall into urban drains, which is the current status of urban streams. Recently, the interest in the stream environment and the ecosystem has been increased, and the efforts have been made to improve the traditional maintenance program for small streams. These efforts lead to the application of the natural recovery systems. This study applied the 240-meter model reach along the Oncheon stream, which locates in Dongrae-gu, Busan city. to analyze the natural recovery system. The efficiency of each system has been analyzed and the future improvements for the systems are presented. The results show that the stream maintenance program should consider the ecological environment. thereby minimizing the environmental effects. When the changes are inevitable, the maintenance program should adopt the methods. which closely simulate the original environmental elements. or are more favorable to the ecosystem.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.101-105
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• 2007

Lammas growth, a rare phenomenon for Korean red pine (Pinus densiflora), occurred in 2006. Lammas shoots showed higher frequency and longer length in Seoul's hotter urban center than in urban boundary or suburban forest sites. Frequency and length showed a close correlation with urbanization density and vegetation cover expressed in NDVI. Air temperature in the late summer of 2006 was more than $1^{\circ}C$ higher than an average year. Of the predominant environmental signals that modulate bud flush, only temperature changed significantly during the year. Differences in temperature between the urban centers, urban boundaries and suburban forests correlated with varying land-use density. The rise in temperature likely spurred lammas growth of the Korean red pine. Symptoms of climate change are being detected throughout the world, and its consequences will be clearer in the future. Considerate interest in the responses of ecological systems to the variable changes is required to prepare for unforeseeable crises. Monitoring of diverse ecological phenomena at Long Term Ecological Research sites could offer harbingers of change.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.13 no.4 s.34
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• pp.59-65
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• 2005

It is very important to detect land cover/land use change from the past and to use it for future urban plan. This paper investigated the application of Landsat satellite imagery for detecting urban growth and assessing its impact on surface temperature in the region. Land cover/land use change detection was carried out by using 30m resolution Landsat satellite images and hierarchial approach was introduced to detect more detail change on the changing area through high resolution aerial photos. Also, surface temperature according to land cover/land use was calculated from Landsat TM thermal infrared data and compared with real temperature to analyze the relationship between urban expansion and surface temperature. As a result, the urban expansion has raised surface radiant temperature in the urbanized area. The method using remote sensing data based on GIS was found to be effective in monitoring and analysing urban growth and in evaluating urbanization impact on surface temperature.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.325-337
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to analyze the soil environment of urban neighborhood parks and to use them as basic data for evaluating the ecological functions of urban parks such as groundwater regeneration, flood control, microclimate regulation, adsorption and purification. The landscape design criteria were generally evaluated as advanced, and further monitoring and studies are needed to evaluate the various ecological functions. It is also necessary to improve the phosphoric acid and nitrogen contents, which tended to be low. In addition, continuous monitoring is needed to assess the proper soil environment according to the biological species, and to evaluate the ecological functions. The results of this study can be used to evaluate the groundwater recharge of urban parks. In particular, when the land of the neighboring park is used for various purposes, the level of access of the user may be increased. Therefore, factors that may adversely affect the user's health, such as heavy metals and organic matters, should be selected and selected as management criteria. In addition, follow-up studies considering fertilization standards suitable for trees and growth of introduced vegetation, etc. are needed urgently to improve the soil environment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.15-25
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• 2015

The growth of impermeable layers in the city center due to today's urban development is emerging as a major cause of urban heat island effects as well as recurring inland flood damages. In order to cope with such disasters caused by climatic changes, an artificial ground afforestation system is suggested as a fundamental solution that addresses both water environment and heat environment. For the afforestation system to replace the current disaster prevention facilities, quantitative performance verification through related numerical analysis models and actual survey monitoring is necessary. Therefore, this study seeks to propose the performance predication method for the heat environment of the afforestation system by looking into correlations between measurements by physical vegetation indicators such as LAI and FVC and forecasts from FASST, a vegetation canopy model used by US Corps of Engineers.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.11 no.2 s.25
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• pp.17-28
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• 2003

Since 1970s, Seoul Metropolitan Area has been growing in physical and demographic aspect. A number of new urban fringes, New City, had been particularly developed from the early of 1990s. To examine the urban growth, the population density maps are generally used to the efficient urban management tool. The density maps from political boundaries, however, were traditionally used to estimate an urban concentration, there is problems to apply directly to urban management decision making due to (i) the abrupt changes between boundaries and (ii) the inclusion of green areas and forests in these areas. The mass-preserving interpolation method, the Pycnophylactic interpolation, could provide more realistic density maps. In addition, the classified urban areas from satellite images corresponding years would turn out to be more reliable results since populations were only applied to urbanized areas. Even though the Pyconophylactic method makes the density larger, it would be useful to produce a general urban growth trend at large scale. Consequently, four different density maps are compared and reviewed for this study, and the cross-sectional analysis provided to glimpse of population density around the city center.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture International Edition
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• no.1
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• pp.13-25
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• 2001

Recently there have been increasing demands and desire for the urban open space due to urban development or environmental deterioration. Urban natural parks in Seoul provide citizens with comfortable open space and thus play an important role as learning spaces to experience nature and understand the environment. Accordingly, this study aims to analyze existing vegetation and provide basic data for the conservation and management plans of urban natural parks and education programs. The contents of the study encompass natural environment such as topography, altitude, slope and aspect and botanical ecosystem including the structure of plant communities and tree growth. According to the result of topography analysis, the overall altitude was not high but the slope was relative steep. Vegetation of Seoo Royal Tomb, a urban natural park has been classified into 12 types, and they include; Quercus acutissima community(lowland type), Quercus acutissima community(valley type), quercus variabilis community, Quercus mongolica community, Castanea crenata community, Capinus laxiflora community, Pinus densiflora community(lowland type), Pinus densiflora community(slope type), Robinia pseudo-acacia community, Populos$\times$albaglandulosa community, Pinus rigida community, and Pinus koraiensis community. Based on the survey and analysis results, we have classified the study area into conservation, buffer, and utilization zones for the effective management. This study provides basic data to support the establishment of master plans for urban natural parks by analyzing vegetation conditions at Seoo Royal Tomb, an urban natural park, Based on the results presented in the study, consistent monitoring work needs to be conducted, and elaborate management plans also should be prepared.