• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.157-161
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• 2004

Urban transit is system that offer target Performance and function because various lower part system such as vehicles, signaling, power supply, rail track is consisted as complex. It is important first of all that describe correctly system requirement until configuration of system, design, manufacture, installation and test verification so that the complicated urban transit system is to act safety and reliable and to display target Performance and function properly. The system requirement assist the system developer to comprehensive the performance and function of system in basic design. Therefore, In this paper wishes to study way to analyze system of system requirement and apply to Urban transit.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.199-207
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• 2020

Against the backdrop of frequent weather disasters such as floods, droughts, and heat waves worldwide, urban parks should provide functions for the safety of urban residents as well as rest, culture, and ecological functions. In this study, a classification system for urban disaster prevention parks is proposed for the safety of the urbanites with the aim of securing a complex function in a green space in response to climate changes in the city. Analytical indicators were extracted through literature research, and the classification system was verified through on-site surveys of the target sites and interviews with those involved. The large class for evaluation was divided into three types: location, spatial composition, and disaster prevention complex facilities of urban parks; the direction of improvement was proposed for problems identified through empirical analysis.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.329-334
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• 2002

In order to compare the lead and cadmium levels, studies of heavy metal accumulation of feral pigeons from rural (Deokjeok island), central urban (Seoul city), and industrial complexes (Ansan, Busan, Ulsan, and Yochon) were conducted. The outstanding result of this study is that feral pigeons in urban and industrial complex areas contain high Pb and Cd concentrations in kidney, bone, liver, and lung tissues compared to those of rural areas. Such a trend was prominent in the target organs, bone and kidney, about 10 times greater than in rural areas. On the other hand, the lead levels of the Yochon Industrial Complex were noticeably lower than those of other industrial complex areas. Not only feral pigeons habit of street and ground feeding, but also atmospheric metal concentration offers an explanation for the heavy metal concentration differences in the study areas.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.273-281
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• 2009

Kimpo international airport logistics complex had been the most busiest airfreight gateway in Korea during last century but, after the grand open of Incheon international airport in 2001, it had lost its major role as a national airfreight hub facilities. However, owing to its locational advantages in Seoul metropolitan area. Kimpo airport logistics park still acts like an urban logistics distribution center in these days. Caused by the KAC's profit oriented policies, the Kimpo airport logistics park's public function as an urban distribution center might be curtailed in the future. Therefore, several laws and ordinances related to national and regional logistics strategies should be modified to prevent it.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.231-238
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• 2013

As the technical medium evolves, the method of accepting information is changing. The technical medium also appears in various ways through the combination with art. This study aims to conduct research on how hypermedia, appearing from this, will reveal itself in the urban public design in terms of its expression mode. First, this study looks at the characteristics for expression representation of hypermedia art through theoretical considerations on the hypermedia. Second, this study identifies how hypermedia art is introduced in the urban public design through art cases. Third, this study reveals the characteristics depending on the expression mode of hypermedia art shown in the urban public design based on the analyzed cases. As a result, first, hypermedia appeared in various image lighting expression modes that use 'light' in the urban public design and interacted with the public. Second, hypermedia reacted to 'motion' and was the expression mode of using bodies in the urban public design and using peripheral devices and external environment and characterized by having complex patterns of multi-layered structure through multi-media. It also applied sight, hearing, and touch partially or integratedly to attract synesthesia from the public and checked mutual interaction rapidly in an improvised way. Third, such a complex digital technology was the network expression mode beyond space and time by medium of urban public design and characterized by the new experience of virtual space expansion through the world wide network and the communication mode of participation. With such a role change of media and combination with art, hypermedia has been achieving varied extended representations. It is considered to change our monotonous urban environment, restore our relationship with the public, and open a new field of communication. Accordingly, the significance of this study can be identified through how it aimed to display the expression method of hypermedia which caused its extension in the field of urban public design as well as through the derivation of relevant characteristics.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.339-351
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• 2011

This study investigates the potentials of satellite, ground measurement data, and geo-spatial information within an urban area for the mapping of the Urban Environmental Quality (UEQ) parameters. The UEQ indicates a complex and various parameters resulting from both human and natural factors, which are greenness, climate, air pollution, the urban infrastructure, and etc. Multi-spectral remote sensing data from the Landsat ETM and TM sensors for the mapping of air pollution by the Haze Optimized Transform (HOT) technique, Urban Heat Island (UHO using the emissivity-fusion method in Seoul from 2000 to 2006 in fine resolution (30m) were analyzed for the estimation of UEQ index. Although the UHI values are similar ($8.4^{\circ}C{\sim}9.1^{\circ}C$) during these years, the spatial coverage of "hot" surface temperature (> $24^{\circ}C$) significantly increased from 2000 to 2006 due to the rapid urban development. Furthermore, high correlations between vegetation index and land surface temperature were achieved with a correlation coefficients of 0.85 (2000), 0.81 (2001), 0.84 (2002), and 0.89 (2006), respectively. It was found that the proposed method was successfully analyzed spatial structure of the UEQ and the scenarios of the best and worst areas within the city were also identified. Based on the quantifiable fine resolution satellite image parameters, UEQ can promote the understanding of the complex and dynamic factors controlling urban environment.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.104-108
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• 2009

Rapid urbanization resulted in expansion of urban area and increase of population bringing deepened housing shortage. Supply-oriented housing policy made apartment a representative residential space in Korea in spite of the short history of apartment. This study analyzed the shape and arrangement of main building by year and the microclimate in the complex depending on the number of floors. The purpose of this study was to present the basic data in developing apartment complex to solve problems like the stagnation of pollution source and the rise of temperature due to the declined ventilation in apartment complex, and the worsened urban heat island phenomenon due to the impeded flow of wind. This study rearranged the shape and arrangement of main building by year and the tendency of the number of floors by year in the process of change, by generalizing the process of change of apartment complex, a representative modern residential space through preliminary research. Based on it, 8 object lot by age was selected and simulated by using Envi-met. Simulation identified that the change of apartment complex takes place having a positive effect on microclimate in the apartment complex and the microclimate in the apartment complex is influenced a lot by the shape of complex. If in future apartment complex plan, a systematic legal criteria of design is made about the shape and arrangement of main building, it might have a positive effect on the improvement of microclimate in the apartment complex, a representative residential space in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.1-17
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• 2004

The focus of this study is the promotion of green area volumes and their naturalness, water circulation system, decline of entropy, creation of biological habitats and linkage of separated urban green space. Re-presentative urban biotope survey sites were categorized as urban biotope, semi-natural biotope, and natural forest. In the urban biotope, a residential biotope was constructed near the Han river and in mountain areas. The green-area ratio at the housing complex was about 25%. GVZ(Grunvolumenzahl) was 0.35m$^3$/m$^2$ at the 5∼10-story housing complex, and 1.53m$^3$/m$^2$ over the 11-story. As for the green-area structure of the housing complex, canopy layer, understory layer, and shrub layer were not differentiated and the green-area volume was not high enough. The green-area ratio of school areas as a public area biotope was 5∼20%. GVZ was 1.12m$^3$/m$^2$ at Myungduk High School, and 1.78m$^3$/m$^2$ at Jeonggok Elementary School. In order to convert the urban biotope into an ecological area, green areas around the buildings should be connected to urban buffer green areas, and multi-layer structures should be established with natural plant species. In the semi-natural biotope, neighbor parks were created park in the vicinity of the natural forests. GVZ was 0.28m$^3$/m$^2$, and plantation was established with single layer structure and was definitely insufficient for the area. The urban buffer green areas have been established in strip corridors with the width of 20∼123m. In those areas, GVZ was 0.16∼0.27m$^3$/m$^2$ and had a deficient canopy layer, understory layer, and shrub layer. Soil conditions were not favorable for tree growth. In the natural biotope, GVZ of the plantation was 1.03∼1.5m$^3$/m$^2$ but the high crown closure of this area reduces the chance of species change and succession. GVZ of natural forest was 2.53∼2.57m$^3$/m$^2$. It is desirable to plant diverse plants and the natural forest should be succeeded by broad-leaf deciduous tree species. To improve the value of biotope at Kangseo-Gu, building height needs to be limited to reduce the environmental deterioration in the city. In order to maintain the water circulation system, water-permeable material is recommened when the urban surface areas are paved. The establishment of a water circulation system will improve ground water levels, soil moisture, water quality, and habitats. In order to improve biological diversity, it is desirable to have multi-layer structures in urban green areas with native species.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.21-28
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• 2018

This study analyzed the physical characteristics and change characteristics of urban detached residential area. In the reality of South Korea in which the history of modern urbanization is not long, the densification that progressed together with sudden population growth without any consideration of city plans became to reveal many problems. Thereafter, apartment-centered large scaled development plans have been implemented until now as an alternative for the foregoing. As the residential environments of old downtown areas that were excluded from the development have been gradually deteriorated, large scaled re-development and reconstruction projects have been adopted as ways to solve the problems of the old downtown areas. On one hand, the development methods that damage the history of the detached housing areas have been resisted. With such a background, this study attempted the analysis of the change characteristics of the Kookmin Housing Complex in Suyu 1-dong, Seoul with a view to playing the role of evidentiary materials for the disappearing urban detached housing areas or those urban detached housing areas that may be revived. This author hopes and the results of this study will lead to careful development that presents measures to maintain and develop modern urban residential areas where the history of past residential areas and culture are disappearing due to full-scale redevelopment.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.125-147
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• 2021

Being one of the municipality belonging to a large metropolitan city, there are areas with a special environment of rural characteristics that are different from general urban areas. Gijang-gun of Busan Metropolitan City is a good example. Although it maintains the highest level of the number of patrons per public library and the number of books per capita in Busan, and is also promoting various projects to strengthen the knowledge and cultural competitiveness, in Gijang-gun, a Complex Area where rural and urban areas coexist, most of the resources are concentrated in urban areas, and cultural facilities that provide public services are lacking in relatively few rural areas. In this regard, this research strives to enhance the vision and strategy of the Gijang-gun's public libraries, reflecting the characteristics and needs of the patrons as viewed through their urban-rural complex environment.