• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.164-173
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• 2021

Recently, as underground space safety issues such as sink hole, ground subsidence and damage to old underground facilities have been increasing in urban areas, the precise management of underground facilities ins more required. Thus, this study developed a function to that, visualize on Integration Map of Underground Geospatial Information a real-time survey data of underground facilities acquired on site or underground facility survey data acquired through on-site survey after underground facility exploration and developed a function convert to surveying-results. In addition, using the on-site survey performance utilization function in connection with the Integration Map of Underground Geospatial Information developed through this study, the surveying -results obtained with the Total-station at the water pipeline burial construction site in Eunpyeong-gu, Seoul are visualized on the Integration Map of Underground Geospatial Information and On-site verification was performed by converting spatial-information performance files and transmitting the Integration Map of Underground Geospatial Information to the mobile center. Based on this, it was possible to verify the work procedure using the surveying-results in the area where the Integration Map of Underground Geospatial Information was built, and to review the direction of future improvement directions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.359-364
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• 2022

The change detection in remote sensing results in errors due to the camera's optical factors, seasonal factors, and land cover characteristics. The inclination of the building in the image was simulated according to the camera angle using the Cycle Generative Adversarial Network method, and the simulated image was used to contribute to the improvement of change detection accuracy. Based on CycleGAN, the inclination of the building was similarly simulated to the building in the other image based on the image of one of the two periods, and the error of the original image and the inclination of the building was compared and analyzed. The experimental data were taken at different times at different angles, and Kompsat-3A high-resolution satellite images including urban areas with dense buildings were used. As a result of the experiment, the number of incorrect detection pixels per building in the two images for the building area in the image was shown to be reduced by approximately 7 times from 12,632 in the original image and 1,730 in the CycleGAN-based simulation image. Therefore, it was confirmed that the proposed method can reduce detection errors due to the inclination of the building.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.22 no.12
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• pp.33-40
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• 2021

The deterioration of underground facilities, disturbance of the ground due to underground development activities, and changes in ground water can cause ground subsidence accidents in the urban areas. The investigation on the geotechnical and hydraulic factors affecting the ground subsidence accident is very significant to predict the ground subsidence risk in advance. In this study, an analysis DB was constructed through 3D ground modeling to utilize the currently operating geotechnical survey information DB and ground water behavior information for risk prediction. Additionally, using these results, the relationship between the actual ground subsidence occurrence history and ground conditions and ground water level changes was confirmed. Furthermore, the methodology used to visualize the risk of ground subsidence was presented by reconstructing the engineering characteristics of the soil presented according to the Unified Soil Classification System (USCS) in the existing geotechnical survey information into the internal erosion sensitivity of the soil, Based on the result, it was confirmed that the ground in the area where the ground subsidence occurred consists of more than 40% of sand (SM, SC, SP, SW) vulnerable to internal erosion. In addition, the effect of the occurrence frequency of ground subsidence due to the change in ground water level is also confirmed.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.104-115
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• 2022

Safety accidents in the construction industry account for the highest percentage of all industries; and thus, it is encouraged to introduce a virtual reality (VR)-based experiential education system into the basic occupational safety and health training for construction as a way to solve the problem. However, there are some limitations such as a lack of competent workforce, and insufficient content and equipment for VR-based construction safety education. In this background, this study aimed to analyze the difference in learning effect between the CG-based experiential VR education (direct method, type B) and the existing photo-based audiovisual VR education (indirect method, type A), in which a CAMIL (Cognitive & Affective Model of Immersive Learning) theory was used as objective assessment tool. The learning effect of the direct education method (type B) was found to be superior to that of the indirect education method (type A) in terms of all areas in the CAMIL theory. It is expected that the VR-based experiential construction safety education will increase the learning effect of construction workers.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.55 no.11
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• pp.855-863
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• 2022

In this study, the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) was used to mapping air temperature in Seoul. MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiomter (MODIS) data was used as auxiliary data for mapping. For the ANN network topology optimizing, scatterplots and statistical analysis were conducted, and input-data was classified and combined that highly correlated data which surface temperature, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), time (satellite observation time, Day of year), location (latitude, hardness), and data quality (cloudness). When machine learning was conducted only with data with a high correlation with air temperature, the average values of correlation coefficient (r) and Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) were 0.967 and 2.708℃. In addition, the performance improved as other data were added, and when all data were utilized the average values of r and RMSE were 0.9840 and 1.883℃, which showed the best performance. In the Seoul air temperature map by the ANN model, the air temperature was appropriately calculated for each pixels topographic characteristics, and it will be possible to analyze the air temperature distribution in city-level and national-level by expanding research areas and diversifying satellite data.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.87-95
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• 2023

Recently, redevelopment of the original downtown area is underway, the necessity of construction in adjacent location is increasing. However, excavations in dense urban areas are prone to ground problems due to various causes, so it is necessary to use materials and methods that can minimize such problems. As a general earth retaining method, various methods such as diaphragm wall and CIP method are applied using cement. However, since a large amount of cement is used for the installation of earth retaining method, it is necessary to conduct research on the development of new cement substitute materials to significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions. In this study, we utilized the hardening reaction of blast furnace slag powder, desulfurized gypsum and high calcium fly ash by alkali activation and applied it to the SCW method. As a result, it was analyzed that the compressive strength of solidified soil using development solidification material was 96.2 ~ 106.3% of OPC at 28 days of curing. In addition, the strength increment ratio was 2.06 for sandy soil and 2.41 for clayey soil, which was higher than 1.85 of OPC. It seems an advantageous in terms of long-term strength. In addition, from the environmental point of view, it was analyzed that there is no elution of heavy metals and that greenhouse gas emissions can be dramatically reduced. Therefore, if further studies are conducted, it can be applied to the SCW method.

• Journal of International Area Studies (JIAS)
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.315-338
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• 2009

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the situation of bi-polarized consumption in China before and after the global financial crisis, to find the factors causing bi-polarized consumption, and to suggest some policies for Korean enterprises. The findings are as follows. First, before the global financial crisis, in China, there were bi-polarized consumption among classes, and between urban and rural areas, and bi-polarization of individual consumption. The sales of both low price goods and high price goods increased more than that of middle price goods. Second, after the global financial crisis, the trend of bi-polarized consumption in China is stronger than those of other countries. The sales of both low price goods and high price goods in China increase more than in other countries. Third, the factors causing bi-polarized consumption are bi-polarized income, black and grey incomes, "Mianz" culture, the increase of unemployment, and the changing form of family. Especially, the level of formal income is not only high, but the level of black and grey income is also very high. And "Mianz" culture means the conspicuous consumption. The degree of the conspicuous consumption of China is very high in comparison with other countries because "Mianz" culture is strong. Finally, the paper suggests strategies appropriate for bi-polarized consumption with Chinese characteristics.

• Journal of International Area Studies (JIAS)
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.135-156
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• 2010

While there are a few ways of giving meanings to the term, "Altai" ranging from a language family to a national residing around the Altai Mountains in Russian Federation, and to the people speaking the language or the whole area where they live, there have been controversial debates whether it is a meaningful categorization. This paper argues that the basic cause lying beneath the controversies is the underdevelopment of the subject that identifies itself as a representative of the whole area where the Altaic language family is spoken. It might be true, as some Korean and Russian scholars insist, that what deserves to be called Altaic culture (or civilization) has provided a common culture and mutual interactions with the people. However, the Altaic people failed to constitute themselves as a meaningful modern group, that is a nation, and they did not fully develop national consciousness, As a result, although their way of life may be regarded as an origin of various cultures across North-East Asia, Altaic culture is not sufficient to give a momentum to claim for cultural initiative in the region. This comes at least partly from the reconfiguration of ethnic identity through a Soviet type of modernization and its geopolitical situation surrounded by super-powers such as China and Russia, as well as belated import of religions such as Buddhism and Christianity. From a wide perspective, the trouble about delimiting an area is not unique in Altai, but universally found in anywhere, as far as area studies are concerned. The delimitation of an area is not a natural outcome of physical environment but an artificial production of how cultural-political relationships have been distributed. Therefore, while the case of Alai has its own specificities, its implications that a national or regional boundary in area studies should not be taken for granted may be applied to other areas.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.295-303
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• 2023

South Korea has recently witnessed an increasing number of seismic events, leading to a surge in studies focusing on seismic earth pressures, as well as the attributes of geological layers and ground where foundations are established. Consequently, earthquake-resistant design has become imperative to ensure the safety of subterranean structures. The slurry wall method, due to its superior wall rigidity, excellent water resistance, and minimal noise and vibration, is often employed in constructing high-rise buildings in urban areas. However, given the separation between panels that constitute the wall, slurry walls possess limited resistance to seismic loads in the longitudinal direction. As a solution, several studies have probed into the possibility of interconnecting slurry wall panels to augment their seismic performance. In this research, we developed and evaluated a method for linking slurry wall panels using mechanical joints, including concrete-confined steel pipes and headed bars, through mock-up tests. We also assessed the constructability of the suggested method and compared it with other analogous methods. Any challenges identified during the mock-up test were discussed to guide future research in resolving them. The results of this study aid in enhancing the seismic performance of slurry walls through the development of an interconnected panel method. Further research can build on these findings to address the identified issues and improve the efficacy and reliability of the proposed method.

• Korea Science and Art Forum
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• v.19
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• pp.405-415
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• 2015

Recently the development of China has attracted all over the world, many scholars of different areas are interested in Chinese Culture and Chinese Market. After sixties of last century development of the economic of the South Korea closer to modernization, but there are many problems, one of them is the urban living style boasts of the features of concentration. Because of this phenomenon the lack of housing space become more serious. It also come to be a social problems. Therefore narrow residential area become inevitability. At the same time, effective utilization of housing space become a demand. Especially for those families with limited living space, it's meaningful for them. Between the China and the South Korea. Chinese have the same situation too, the different is kitchen space of chinese is closed. It means they have to cook in limited space. With increased supplies and more small appliances, an inevitable requirement is opening out the kitchen space, but unreasonable furnishings and living space reduces the efficiency of the kitchen, which has led to the discontent of users. From this, base on the investigation and analysis of diet&living space of most chinese apartment, and through differences kinds and places of storage items. With them I would combine the food culture and feature of storage space of China to solve problems of the efficiency of the kitchen.