• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.167-180
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• 2011

This paper investigates the changes of diurnal temperature range (DTR) by season and region in South Korea using daily maximum temperature and daily minimum temperature from 1954 to 2009. It also attempts to find what causes these changes. The daily minimum temperature distinctively increased during the latter half of the research period (1988~2009) than the first half of the year (1954~1987) leading decreases in DTR, while the rise in daily maximum temperature was not distinct during the research period. The DTR shows slightly increasing trend in spring. but decreasing trend in fall. The DTR is decreasing in urban region while it is increasing in rural area. The degree of the DTR decrease is bigger in large urban region than in medium-small urban region. The DTR in urban region is affected by the amount of clouds in spring and tile duration of sunshine in fall. The DTR in rural area is affected by the amount of clouds in spring and the number of days with precipitation in fall.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.9 no.2 s.19
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• pp.39-47
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• 2003

This study was carried out to find out the time-dependent change of central functions in the depopulated rural areas. Three county areas were selected for the case study ; Haenam(as a remote flat area), Goksung(as an intermediate mountainous area), and Hwasun(as a peri-urban area). For each district area administered by each county, service facilities stock was surveyed at both the present('02) and the past('89 or '94)time, and its functional index checked. From the study results, table-tennis rooms, oil shops and inns were ascertained to be disappeared now in the absolute or real terms, while beer halls, restaurants and bakeries to be sharply increased. Generally, in spite of the substantial depopulation in the past decade, service facilities stock has been increased in and concentrated to the highest order center of rural area (county office seated district). However, where this center leans to the outer side of its county area and to the opposite direction against the regional center, the dependent level of service function on the highest center have decreased.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.99-108
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the levels of stress, social support, and marital satisfaction between married immigrant women living in urban areas and women living in rural areas to identify ways to improve their mental health. Methods: Two hundred married immigrant women were recruited from multicultural familysupport centers located in Daejeon City and Chungcheong Province. From July, 2009 to January, 2010, data were collected using self- administered questionnaire. Study instruments were scales for acculturative stress, housewives life stress, support from spouse, and marital satisfaction. Results: Urban married immigrant women had lower levels of acculturative stress and higher levels of support from spouse and more positive marital satisfaction compared to rural women. Both groups reported similar levels of stress in life as a housewife. Factors influencing marital satisfaction in both group were lower levels of acculturative and housewives life stress, higher levels of support from spouse, and living with parents-in-law. Conclusion: Rural married immigrant women may have more problems in adjusting to Korean culture and marriage compared to urban women. Therefore, to improve the physical and psychological wellbeing and marital adjustment of married immigrant women, development of nursing strategies according to area of residence is needed.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.281-287
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• 1986

Atmospheric mercury was collected by gold amalgamation method and analyzed by cold flameless atomic absorption spectrometry. The distribution of atmospheric mercury was investigated at seven location (rural I, II, industrial I, II, University and the center of urban) The amount of atmospheric mercury collected at the rural area I (Mt. Seolack) ranged from 0.7 to 1.8ng/$m^3$, and mean value was 1.2ng/$m^3$ (n=4), at the rural area II (Buyeo) ranged from 0.8 to 5.1 ng/$m^3$, and mean value was 2.0ng/$m^3$ (n=8), at the area of the center of urban (Jong-ro 3 Ga, Seoul) ranged from 22.7 to 43.1ng/$m^3$, and mean value was 35.1ng/$m^3$ (n=12), at tae residential area I (Galak Dong, Seoul) ranged from 2.2 to 5.1ng/$m^3$, and mean value was 3. 5 ng/$m^3$ (n=6) at the Chung-Ang University (Heukseok Dong, Seoul) ranged from 2.2 to 176.2 ng/$m^3$, mean value was 36.8 ng/$m^3$ and median value was 16.0 ng/$m^3$ (n=188), at the residential area II (Goowal Dong, Inchon) ranged from 6.4 to 20.7 ng/$m^3$, and mean value was 13.1 ng/$m^3$ (n=10), and at the industrial area (Songhyun Dong, Inchon) ranged from 13.9 to 88.3 ng/$m^3$, and mean value was 38.9 ng/$m^3$ (n=12). The behavior of atmospheric mercury concentration at Chung-Ang University showed high in day time and summer, but low in night-time and winter.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.20 no.2 s.22
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• pp.352-361
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• 1987

During the period of May 10 to June 6, 1987, we have conducted the survey about the number of the food daily taken and the intake of nutrition of the 83 pregnant women who have registered at Sudong Myun and Mikum-myun, Yangchu-gun which are demonstration area of the public health and medicine of the College of Medicine, Ewha Women's University, and of the 100 pregnant women who have been to the University Hospital attached to the above School. The result of the survery is as follows: 1) Among the above pregnant women, primigravida constituted 91 women and multigravida 92 women. As for the month of pregnancy, those who have been pregnant for ten months numbered 43 women (23.5%), which was the highest number. As for age, those who were 25 to 29 years old constituted 63.9% , which was the highest in percentage. 2) As for the level of education, those who graduated from high school constituted 49.2%, which was the highest in percentage. As for occuptation, those who were entirely in charge of household affairs as housewives were 89.6% , which comprised most of the jobs held by the above women. 3) As for the composition of a family in environmental food and nutrition, one generation was 68.3%, and two member family was 42.6% which was the highest. As for those taking rare of cooking and serving meals, housewives constituted 95.1%. 4) As for the economic situation of dietary life, those who were in the highest level (A level), were 47.0% in an urban area and 41.0% in a rural area, which were the highest in percentage. 5) The food which the above people selected after being pregnant was fruit not only in an urban area, but also in a rural area. And in terms of the percentage of fruit, an urban area and a rural area showed 44.0% and 54.2% respectively. As for milk, and urban area and a rural area showed 28.0% and 8.4% respecitively, which disclosed that the rate of a rural area was much lower than that of an urban area. 6) As for the number of food intake, 10-14 was 54.0% in an urban area, which was the highest. And 5-9 was 73.5% in a rural area, which was the highest. 7) As for the composition of food taken according to the number of food taken, meat showed the lowest rate in 5-9 group. (p<0.05) As the number of food taken increased, the rate of food taken (points) increased (2.4). Milk and milk products showed a low rate in 5-9 group and 15-19 group (p<0.05). Fruit intake showed a similar rate in all groups. As for vegetables, the rate of intake was high, as the number of food taken increased. Cereals showed a similar rate in all groups. Ans the points of intake was high. As for fat, the rate of intake was high, as the number of food taken increased. 8) In 5-9 group in the number of food intake, energy was 79.9% of RDA, protein was 64.9%, fat was 90.0%, carbohydrate was 81.6%, iron was 83.0%, calcium was 71.1%, vitamin A was 94.3%, vitamin $B_1$ was 77.8%, vitamin $B_2$ was 79.2%, and vitamin C was 88.2%, so that it showed the lowest sufficiency rate RDA. 15-19 group maintained the balance in energy and all nutrients nealy. In 20-24 group, fat was 142.4%, vitamin $B_2$ was 105.6% and vitamin C was 102.2%, so that it exceeded RDA.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.568-576
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• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate the food habit, nutrition knowledge and health status of elementary school students in Kyung-buk area. As for dietary Pattern, 65.8% of students ate breakfast and 82.9% ate dinner on a daily basis. Their main dish for the meal was boiled rice with soup and this combination accounted for 60.3% of the breakfast items and 67.8% of the dinner items. Students in both rural and urban areas had dinner more regularly than breakfast. Overall knowledge on nutrition was 7.31 points out of 10. Urban students earned 7.33 while rural students did 7.29. Out of the maximum of 20 points, the overall grades on physical health were 15.57. (15.44 in rural areas and 15.70 in urban areas). As a result of their spiritual health condition, rural children recorded 6.63 point and urban children recorded 6.81 point on a 10 point scale. Furthermore, 32.8% of the children of the respondents had spiritual awareness phenomenon. The better the understanding of nutrition, the sounder mind and physical health stemed from the good dietary habits. Also the data showed that relatively young Parents had better dietary habits than the older ones.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.115-120
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• 1996

Recent patterns of Enterobius vermicularis infection in some kindergarten children was per-formed in Taegu and Kyongbuk Area from June 1, 1993 through August 30, 1995. A total of 1,087 children (male 611 and female 476) were examined by Graham's scotch tape method. Of 643 urban children,62(9.6%) were infected by E. vermicularis, and of 444 rural children,45(10.1%)were infected. Of 354 male children in urban area 40(11.3%) were E. vermicularis positive and of 257 male children in rural area,28(10.9%) were E. vermicularis positive. Of 128 children in the age of 7 years old in urban area,7(5.1%) were E. vermicularis positive but of 87 children in the same age group in rural area,21(24.1%) were E. vermicularis positive (P〈0.01). Of 354 male children in urban area,40(11.3%) were E. vermicularis positive and of 289 female children in the same area 22(7.6%) were infected by E. vermicularis. The E. vermicularis infection rates in the children in the age group of 4,5, and 6 were 6.3%, 8.4% and 19.3% respectively, and the rate for 7 year old children was 5.5% (P 〈0.01). In rural area, 28(10.9%) of 257 male children had E. vermicularis and 17(9.1%) of 187 female children had E. vermicularis. The E. ver-micularis infection rates in the age groups of 4, 5, 6 and 7 were 2.3%, 7.0％ 9.8% and 24.1% respectively and the difference in rates were statistically significant (P 〈0.01).

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.10 no.3 s.24
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• pp.41-51
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• 2004

This study aims to develop a potential evaluation method for urban spatial expansion using remote sensing (RS) and geographic information system (GIS). A multi-criteria evaluation method with several criteria and their weighting values was introduced to evaluate the score and quantification of the potential surface around the existing cities. The six criteria with one geographic factor, slope, and five accessibility factors, time distance from center of the city, national road, interchange of expressway, a big city, and station, were defined for the potential. RS techniques were applied for classification of the actual urban expansion maps between two periods, and GIS functions were used for score of accessibility criteria with a distance decay function from geographic, road and several point maps, which was developed in this study. The new methodology was applied to a test area, Suwon, between 1986 and 1996. In order to optimize the six weighting values, this study made new findings to search the optimal combination of the weighting values from new methodology, weighted scenario method for intensity order (WSM), combined with intensity order and AHP method, including a trial and error method for sensitivity analysis to make the intensity order. The optimal combination of the weighting values by the new method generated the optimal potential surface, considering spatial trend of urban expansion in the test area.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.41-52
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• 2013

Objectives: Rural-urban differences in suicide have been observed in many settings. However, there has been little research addressing what factors can explain these differences. The purpose of this study was to analyze which compositional factors and contextual factors in local areas might be related to local suicide. Methods: The study design was cross-sectional. The data for 251 primary local governments on their age-standardized suicide mortality and their predefined indicators of compositional factors and contextual factors were obtained from Korean Statistical Information Service as of year 2010. Bivariate analysis including one-way ANOVA and chi-square test were used to identify the differences in local features by area type. Seven poisson regression models for each of total, males, and females were used to analyze which compositional and contextual factors were related to suicide. Results: There were differences in suicide between gu and goon in total, male, and female groups. For total, compositional factors including divorce and smoking rate, and contextual factors including financial independency, water and waterwaste coverage, and number of wastewater discharge factories were found to explain the urban-rural differences. Conclusions: This study provided some evidence that contextual factors at the local level as well as compositional factors are useful for predicting local suicide mortality.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.61-69
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• 2022

This study categorizes and identifies the characteristics of the living areas of rural dwellers through cluster analysis using mobile floating population data. As a result, rural areas in Korea were classified into 34 rural living areas, and 5 types of rural living areas were derived. Although the 'Suburban in Mega City Areas' and 'Suburban in Regional City Areas' derived through this study have advantages in terms of accessibility to large cities, they are important for rural space management as they can undermine the unique values of rural areas due to urban expansion. In addition, 'Unclassified areas' have low accessibility in the national space, and there is a need to provide their own settlement environment. The population of rural areas in Korea exhibited a phenomenon of widespread migration. This means that rural residents who depend on metropolitan areas are provided with SOC beyond administrative boundaries. Therefore, there is a need to move away from establishing a homogeneous regional plan that does not consider population movement. Through this study, it was possible to understand the rural living area formed by the population movement occurring in the rural area. This is different in that the existing studies classified the national space based on the interconnectedness between regions, beyond the limitations of categorizing regions with homogeneous characteristics based on endogenous indicators. At this point in time when the need for a rural space plan is emphasized, it is important to understand the living area of rural dwellers and to design an appropriate rural plan. Therefore, the establishment of a rural plan suitable for the region using the results of this study can increase the efficiency of the project for revitalization of the rural area and contribute to the creation of an attractive national space.