• Land and Housing Review
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.225-240
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• 2012

The aim of this study is to discuss ways to improve Korea's housing survey by comparatively analyzing the housing surveys being carried out in six other countries. The subject countries are the United States, the United Kingdom, France, the Netherlands, Australia, and Japan-the countries that conducts large-scale surveys for more than 20,000 households on a national level and where data collection is easily available. The comparative analysis items include survey history, purpose, subject, project owner, survey item, data collection method, and the use of survey outcome. The comparative analysis results showed that each of the six countries are conducting national housing condition surveys on a regular basis considering each nation's characteristics of housing stock and policy goals, and the survey results are being used as the basis for setting policy guidelines including the selection of policy targets and the determination of appropriate rent standards, and the basis for housing assistance budget planning. Korea's housing survey has been conducted three times up until now since 2006. There should be efforts to systemize and standardize the survey components, establish standards for monitoring the changing trend of national housing stock, standards for determining policy targets, and measures to open data and provide feedback considering the preceding studies of overseas countries in order to better utilize the housing survey data for policy development.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.317-332
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to survey the community support program of Green Belt from 2001 to 2011 and propose the improvement of the institution. For research method, the projects were analyzed by year, area, and category using statistical data. The improvement of the institution was drawn through the opinion survey of the interest group such as residents and public servants. For 10 years, 2007 community support projects were carried out and the total amount of government expenditure was 583.9 billion won. Among the support items, life convenience projects comprise 96.7%. For area, metropolitan area comprise 32.5%. There is a bias in items and areas. According to the survey of the residents and public servants, the satisfaction for the community support program is increasing. But it is necessary to enlarge the direct life cost support, activate community involvement and develop new project type. Proposed new projects are such as making characteristic village for income creation, planning for the landscape preservation using historic and traditional resources, making leisure space for nearby residents, and projects for the aged people. And it is proposed to give incentive to the characteristic village projects through competition.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.493-498
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• 2014

Purpose: This study utilized the Geographic Information System (GIS) which is one of the representative methods for describing visual distribution, to show the distribution of visions of middle and high school students in 16 cities or provinces in Korea. Method: The data of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were analysed from 2009 to 2011 and designed a population-based cross-sectional study. The subjects were total 1,049 students at the age of 13 to 18 and uncorrected vision was provided. Male subjects were 549 (52.3%) and female subjects were 500 (47.7%). Subjects were divided into 16 cities or provinces and average vision of regions were analysed. the differentials of vision among the regions were analysed by as a spatial analysis method. Results: The average uncorrected vision were significant difference by sex (p=0.001). However male and female student groups' average vision indicated no statistically significant difference by region in those 16 cities and provinces. In order to show the differentials of middle and high school students' vision by region with a visual distribution method, the GIS was utilized for mapping. Conclusions: The differentials of vision among regions by GIS provide a visually effective distribution map.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.644-657
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• 2020

As the development of urbanization has cause some environmental problems and natural disasters such as natural earthquakes and floods have brought about impact, designers have turned their attention to the independent prevention ability of urban ecosystems in face of environmental pollution and natural disasters, as well as its ability to adapt to the future. This study introduces 'elasticity theory' to discuss the practical application of elasticity design in landscapes and to solve the problem of lack of elasticity in space, which can provide more scientific reference meaning to create economic, cultural, and social values for space. After selecting 'The High Line' as the object, this paper investigates the previous theories and practical cases, and infers ecology, sustainability, diversity, and adaptability. And then this paper applies five components and analyzes the specific application of these five components of the landscape spatial elasticity strategy, and summarizes the application characteristics and influencing factors of elasticity design in 'The High Line' landscape planning. It can be known from the research that elasticity strategy which is reflected in the design process is the systematic management of landscape space. Elasticity design itself can strengthen environment quality and satisfy the requirements of the environment to defense external shocks so as to adapt to environment changes. Therefore, the elasticity design can strengthen the sustainable development of the city and establish a periodic recycle system.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.132-138
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• 2009

The energy efficiency and environment-friendly aspect of the railway system would be superior to other on-land transportation systems. In a preliminary feasibility study stage and selection of optimal railway corridor, the energy efficiency and problems related to environment are usually not considered. For the selection of optimal railway corridor, geographical features and facility of management are generally considered. Environment effect factors for the selection of environment-friendly railway corridor are focused and studied in this paper. In this study, various analysis of opinion of specialists (railway, environment, transport, urban planning, survey) and the guideline for construction of environment-friendly railway were accomplished. From these results of various analysis, 7 major categories (topography/geology, flora and fauna, Nature Property, air quality, water quality, noise/vibration, visual impact/cultural assets) were extracted. To select environment friendly railway corridors, many alternatives should be compared optimal corridor must be selected by a comprehensive assessment considering these 7 categories. The investment for railway systems can be encouraged by the considering of main environmental effect factor evaluated with the modified environmental weight factors for environment-friendly railway construction.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.39-49
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• 2017

Standards suitable for local conditions on deciding one-way road are desperately required to solve traffic congestions at the backside roads in the old downtown areas which were not designated as a road by urban planning. Therefore, this study intends to re-establish a standard to decide one-way road which is regarded to be of the greatest effect among traffic system control methods in order to control one-way road system more efficiently. Also, this paper suggests a standard for such decision to improve efficiency of using backside roads and expand designation of one-way road. AHP (analytic hierarchy process) was carried out among the traffic experts to find out the factors to decide one-way road system. Its result reveals that importance of causing accident to walking quantity and traffic was high. 10,000 cases out of all the possible scenarios of accident by combining detailed evaluation items and scales were extracted to draw the outcomes of analyzing the scenarios, which were schematized in a graph. As a result, division by three sections of point of inflection was verified into $1{\leq}$ section A<1.91, 1.9$1{\leq}$ section B<2.08, and $2.08{\leq}$ section C<3. In other words, priority of deciding one-way road should be given to section C, the highest total point, while posterior to section A, where relatively low points are distributed. The standard on deciding one-way road suggested in this paper may be used for designating one-way road and basic data to re-establish the relevant system in the future.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.249-262
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• 2004

This study was conducted to suggest alternatives for the effective use of national park visitor centers, by evaluating their functionality. Visitor centers in Naejangsan National Park and Pukhansan National Park, which are deliberately composed and managed, were investigated for this purpose. First, I clarified the concept, function and type of a visitor center through literature review, and then, analyzed visitors' post-visiting evaluation based on McManus's Communication Theory. The results of the analysis shows that visitors have not enough time to understand the contents of visitor centers, and facilities and guide sign system to support visitors are insufficient, which seem to disturb the proper communication between visitors and exhibits. Visitors' short visiting time caused by their little interest in exhibits and their low degree of understanding show the difficulties in the communication between visitors and exhibits. The following alternatives are suggested to improve these problems: first, the improvement of the guide sign system; second, the provision of exhibition rooms specialized for different visitor groups; third, the display of exhibits connected with visitors' experiences; Forth, the utilization of various media proper for each subject.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.52-63
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• 2012

This study empirically investigated some problems with the criteria for subdividing the management zone in a rural area through a case study of Cheongsong-gun, Gyeongbuk and provided some suggestions for their improvement. To do this, the subdivision criteria in the guideline for developing urban management planning were firstly compared with those of Cheongsong-gun. Next, geographic information system(GIS) was used to do the cross-check analysis between the results from land suitability assessment and those from the subdivision in the management zone and to grasp the spatial relationships of a zone with its neighboring zones by analyzing the zoning inventory and comparing the areas. Finally, map analysis and field survey were conducted to examine the relevance to the actual situation of land use and focus interviews were done to analyze the civil complaint cases resulted from the subdivision in the management zone. This study found out three major categories of problems with the criteria for subdividing the management zone in Cheongsong-gun: the incomplete formalization of zoning, the inadequate decision criteria on the availability of land for development, and the biased consulting of the departments concerned. Some suggestions for their improvement were then provided in this study. The empirical results from this study can be used as the preliminary information for suggesting the right direction of the subdivision in the management zone within the rural areas in the near future.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.13-20
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• 2017

Soil nailing is ground reinforcement method using the shear strength of ground and the pullout shear resistance force of nail. It is mainly used for reinforcement of cut slopes, earth retaining structures and retaining walls, etc. It may be designed considering the pullout resistance of nail in the case of earth retaining structure and retaining wall, but it should be designed considering not only pullout resistance but also shear and bending resistance in the case of slope. However, conservative designs considering only pullout resistance are being done and most of the studies are about increasing pullout resistance by improving of material, shape and construction method of nail. Actually, Shear bending deformations occur centering on the active surface in ground reinforced with the nail. The grout with relatively low strength is destroyed and separated from the reinforcing material. As a result, the ground is collapsed while reducing the frictional resistance rapidly. Therefore, it is necessary to develop the method to increase the shear resistance while preventing separation of nail and grout body. In this study, an experimental study was conducted on new soil nailing method which can increase shear resistance by forming protrusions through pressurized grouting after installing a packer on the outside of deformed bar.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 1989

^x As mentioned above, I consider the change of role that is related with Japanese thought of Natural Environmental Conservation, and I divide each part of periods into forest, farmland, open space, urban planning, environmental conservation etc. To summary the content of each period of Natural Environmental Conservation thought is as follows. 1) Previous period before formation(before 1919) In the previous period of Meiji, it could be said that the consciousness of the Natural Environmental Conservation was coming to existence. In this, so called, Natural Environmental Conservation, the thought of Forest Preservation was the main current and it was the thought of territorial integrity for the security of resource, the forestry conservancy and flood control in the forestry farmland. Since the age of Meiji, the theory of Natural Conservation appears from the theory of Japanese landscaping and systematic management about public parks was enforced, but the regular theory of Natural Environmental Conservation did not attain full growth. 2) The period of formation(1919~ 1954) In the period of formation, the base of Natural Environmental Conservation had been established. Parks and Open spaces were admitted as a public facilities in each city, and legislations which supported it had been continuously enacted and so on. In this period, the afforestation counter plan was emphasized on the side of territorial integrity. In the mountainous district. tree planting was emphasized to recover the forest which had been destroied by war. 3) The period of development(1955~ 1974) In the period of development, varied policies was institutionalized for the Natural Environmental Conservation. However, all sorts of development policy had performed simultaneously, thus development had complicated relation with preservation. But after 1970's the framework of system of Natural Environmental Conservation improvement was constituted to control the many kinds of development, and the spontaneous campaign of nature preservation by private lead was being taken root. This is the more progressive period. 4) The pried of root(after 1975) After the latter of 1970's, the role of Natural Environmental Conservation began to take root not in the direction of control but inducement, and, getting out of development - oriented policy, aimed at relation between human being and natural environment and the side of amenity of human environment. Besides, the current of Natural Environmental Conservation had been seperately progressed in the cities and forests. Since this period, it was the character that cities and forests began to be unified as 'amenity'space of man.