• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.26-31
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• 1988

An epidemiological study was undertaken to evaluate the prevalence of E. vermicularis infestation among children in primary schools and orphanages. A total of 2,966 children in primary schools and orphanages was examined for F. vermicularis by means of cellotape anal swab technique. The purpose of the present studies is to determine the prevalence of enterobiasis among children and to make a comparison with the rate of infestation by survey areas. The result could be summarized as follows : 1) The egg positive rate of cellotape anal swab method was 16.3% out of 2,966 children. 2) The egg positive rate of urban area was 6.9% out of 1,144 children and the egg positive rate of rural area was significantly higher than that of urban area. 3) The egg positive rate of boys and girls were 15.7% out of 1,528 children and 16.9% out of 1,438 children. 4) The egg positive rate of primary schools, orphanages and mental retardation child group was 11.3% (out of 2,412), 32.7% (out of 416) and 55.1% (out of 138) respectively. There was noted a tendency of decrease in prevalence by increase of the age.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.40 no.5 s.110
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• pp.584-593
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• 2005

The spatial and temporal variations of heating degree-days (HDDs) and cooling degree-days (CDDs) are closely related with the temperature field. The spatial distribution of 30-year mean HDDs shows that the higher values locates in the northern part of South Korea while the lower values locates in the southern part. The 30-year mean CDDs shows a more randomized distribution than the HDDs. The changing trends of HDDs and CDDs show a different feature: HDDs have a distinct decreasing trend while CDDs have an insignificant change. The decreasing trends of HDDs are consistent over South Korea and most of stations have experienced the statistically significant change. As significant changing areas of HDDs are much broader than those of annual mean temperature, HDDs can be more useful than annual mean temperature to detect the climate change impact on a regional level. In other words, an insignificant change on the mean temperature field can induce the significant change of thermal climatology in a region. The temporal pattern of climatic departure index (CDI) for South Korea HDDs series shows a general decreasing, but a sharp increase during recent years. The drastic decrease of HDDs induces higher CDI indicating larger variability among stations. However, the decrease of South Korea HDDs series cannot totally attribute to the global warming due to urban effects. By the early 1980s, there were no big differences of HDDs between urban and rural series, but later the differences are getting larger. This was expected to be with the intensification of urbanization in South Korea. However, still there is a decreasing trend of HDDs for rural stations.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.1-10
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• 1979

This study was conducted to abbess dietary intake and eating habits of low-income persons aged 60 years or elder. 212 persons were surveyed between July 10 and August 17, 1978 ; 105 from the farming village of Yang-ju, Kyunggi province; and 107 from Karakdong, an area of redevlopment in the suburbs of Seoul. Results were as follows : 1 ) Family environment 84% of elderly persons surveyed, lived with their children; 13.2%, together as a couple; and 1.9%, widowed, lived alone. More than half on the households had an average monthly income of \50,000 to \30,000. The average Engel index was 61.2%. As for pocket money, 56.4% of male subjects had \l,000 to \7,000 per month, whereas 74% of female had less than \1,000. 2) Anthropometric measurements 59.9% of subjects were $70{\sim}90%$ of standard weight, 93% had an arm circumference only $60{\sim}80%$ of the standard. 3) Food and nutrient intake Carbohydrate provided 73.4 to 79.4% of total energy intake, whereas protein and fat accounted for 10.4 to 10.5% and 8.3 to 7.8%, respectively. Those over 65 years of age showed a somewhat greater dependence on carbohydrates for energy, than those under 65. Protein intake was only $42{\sim}52%$ of the recommended allowance. and the proportion of animal protein to total protein was only $2.1{\sim}9.3%$ far below the recommended allowance. Thus the protein nutrition of the subjects was proven to be inadequate qualitatively as well as quantitatively. Intake of energy and of all nutrients except vitamin A and ascorbic acid, were lower than recommended. 4) Correlational assessment The correlation coefficient between poor dental health, clinical sign score, appetite index, dietary balance and nutrient intake, was significant (0<0.01). Poor teeth, illness, and poor appetite were always associated with inadequate intake of energy and nutrients. The results of this survey reveal that many of elderly of the rural and urban poor show evidence of general malnutrition, The authours hope that this study will provide a back. ground and indicate the direction that community health and welfare programs may take to assure proper nutrition for the elderly.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.38 no.5 s.154
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• pp.379-390
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• 2005

This study is to trace the change of stream shape using the past series of aortal photographs and topographic maps, and to compare the land use changes of inland along the stream. For the Gyeongan first & second class of local stream, aerial photographs of 1966, 1981 and 2000 were selected and ortho photographs were made with interior orientation and exterior orientation, respectively. In addition, topographic maps of 1914 - 1915 were used to compare with stream of 1966, 1981 and 2000. As apparent changes of the stream, the consolidated reaches of stream with levee construction were straightened and their stream width widened. Especially the stream width of inlet part of Paldang lake was widened almost twice because of the rise of water level by dam construction in 1974. The land use maps (1966, 1981, 2000) of riparian areas were also made, respectively and classified into 6 categories (water, forest, agricultural land, urban area, road, sandbar) by digitizing, The main changes of land use were agricultural land, urban area, road and sandbar.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.550-560
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• 2013

This study was investigated the morphological characters, secondary sexual dimorphism, and habitat patterns of Korean Rattus animals collected on Jeju Island from April 2005 to October 2012. Two wild rat species, namely R. norvegicus and R. tanezumi were identified on Jeju Island based on morphological characteristics and molecular data; however, R. rattus, which had recorded formerly, was not found in this study. Individuals of R. norvegicus were captured from urban, rural, and natural habitats, while those of R. tanezumi were specially found in animal farms and the surrounding areas. Comparing of morphological characters of two species, R. norvegicus had a shorter tail and ears than R. tanezumi (p<0.05), and the ratios of tail length and ear length to those of head-body length showed significantly differences between two species (p<0.05). The body weights (BW) of urban populations of R. norvegicus were significantly heavier than those of rural populations (p<0.05). No secondary sexual dimorphism was found in R. norvegicus, but females of R. tanezumi showed heavier BW than those of males (p<0.05). These findings suggest that it is necessary to revise the records for the existence of R. tanezumi and to confirm the animal fauna and elucidate the distribution and ecological characteristics from further studies using extensive sampling and detailed investigations on Jeju Island and also on the Korean Peninsula.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.17 no.1 s.50
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• pp.15-25
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• 2007

In general, the life and asset casualties that occur due to landslide or slope failure in urban areas are larger than that in rural areas. In order to reduce the casualties, a slope management program is necessary to categorize slopes based on properties and to manage them systematically. The slope management system is the establishment of the data base for the geological and geotechnical factor according to slope stability, and the utilization of the data base to manage slopes. The suitable system must develop to slopes in urban area through the survey, analysis and evaluation process. Based on the above necessity, the slope management program which is applicable to slope management in an urban area has been developed at Hwangryung Mt. in Busan as a target area. The developed slope management program has various functions such as slope ID number of each slope or sub-region of a mountain, making a slope data sheet, analysis and grouping of slope stability, and establishment of a data base. The slope management program is constructed by use of GIS, and the survey, test and analysis data according to all slopes can be input and edited into the program. The program can also be utilized practically by end users due to the convenient input, edition printing, management and operation of slope data. Therefore, the slope management system has been established on the application of the developed program in Busan which is located in slope area. As the system is widely applied to other cities, the slope in urban area can be managed systematically and the slope hazards can be minimized.

• 한국노년학
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.551-567
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• 2018

Demographic and socio-structural information is useful to identify potential welfare recipients who are in need of disease-prevention and intervention services. Thus, the present study aims to explore the differences in grip strength among middle and old-aged adults by living conditions and by living area. The 5th wave data of Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging was utilized. The dependent variable was grip strength, and the independent variables were living alone (living alone or not) and living area (city or non-city). Covariates were age, education, log-transformed household income, spouse existence, body mass index, self-rated health conditions, depressive symptoms, cognitive function, smoking, regular exercise, frequency of meeting with friends, and the number of social participation. Regression analysis was performed for middle-aged men, middle-aged women, old-aged men, and old-aged women, respectively. ANOVA and Chi-test were additionally used to specifically discuss significant results. Cross-sectional weight was applied to all analyses. According to the results, living alone and living area did not have significant effects on grip strength among middle-aged men, old-aged men, and old-aged women. In middle-aged women, however, living alone and living area were significantly associated with grip strength. To be specific, middle-aged women who lived alone in rural areas had the lowest grip strength compared to other middle-aged women. Additional analysis showed that middle-aged women who lived alone in rural areas had risk factors, such as low education level, low income, or high depressive symptoms. It implies that middle-aged women living alone in rural areas may have physical health risks, so they might be in need of disease prevention. This study is meaningful in that it can provide reliable information on the latent welfare recipients by using representative panel data and applying weight values.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.13-26
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to select the study area, which will be formed into Daegu Science Park as an national industrial complex, and to assess the landscape value based on biotop classification with different polygon forms, and to develop and computerize Biotop Value Assessment Tool (B-VAT) based on GIS. The result is as follows. First, according to the result of biotop classification based on an advanced analysis on preliminary data, a field study, and a literature review, total 13 biotop groups such as forrest biotop groups and total 63 biotop types were classified. Second, based on the advanced research on landscape value assessment model of biotop, we development biotop value assessment tool by using visual basic programming language on the ArcGIS. The first application result with B-VAT showed that the first grade was classified into 19 types including riverside forest(BE), the second grade 12 types including artificial plantation(ED), and the third class, the fourth grade, and the fifth grade 12 types, 2 types, and 18 types respectively. Also, according to the second evaluation result with above results, we divided a total number of 31 areas and 34 areas, which had special meaning for landscape conservation(1a, 1b) and which had meaning for landscape conservation(2a, 2b, 2c). As such, biotop type classification and an landscape value evaluation, both of which were suggested from the result of the study, will help to scientifically understand a landscape value for a target land before undertaking reckless development. And it will serve to provide important preliminary data aimed to overcome damaged landscape due to developed and to manage a landscape planning in the future. In particular, we expect that B-VAT based on GIS will help overcome the limitations of applicability for of current value evaluation models, which are based on complicated algorithms, and will be a great contribution to an increase in convenience and popularity. In addition, this will save time and improve the accuracy for hand-counting. However, this study limited to aesthetic-visual part in biotop assessment. Therefore, it is certain that in the future research comprehensive assessment should be conducted with conservation and recreation view.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.38 no.6 s.155
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• pp.495-504
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• 2005

The objective of this study is to estimate the impacts of land cover change on the runoff behavior using Hydrologic Simulation Program-Fortran (HSPF) model and Landsat images. Land cover maps were prepared using three every ten years from 1980 to 2000 of the upper watershed ($258\;km^2$) of Gyeongan stream. Hydrologic parameters of HSPF were calibrated using observed data (1999 - 2000) and validated using observed data (2001, 2003) at Gyeongan gauge station. The simulation results showed that runoff volume and peak rate increased as $15.0\;km^2$ forest areas decreased and $19.3\;km^2$ urban areas increased for 20 years land use changes. The runoff volume showed a higher rate of increase in wet year (2003, 1709.4 mm) than in dry year (2001, 871.2 mm). The peak runoff increased $13.3\;\%$ in normal year (2000, 1257.3 mm) because the year has the highest rain intensity (241.3 mm/hr) among the test years. The runoff volume of a dry season and a wet season (May - September) in normal year 2000 increased $4.4\;\%$ and decreased $8.1\;\%$, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.120-139
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• 2020

This study is to assess the future agricultural land use and climate change impacts on irrigation water requirement using CLUE-s(Conversion of Land Use and its Effects at Small regional extent) and RCP(Representative Concentration Pathway) 4.5 and 8.5 HadGEM3-RA(Hadley Centre Global Environmental Model version 3 Regional Atmosphere) scenario. For Nonsan city(55,517.9ha), the rice paddy, upland crop, and greenhouse cultivation were considered for agricultural land uses and DIROM(Daily Irrigation Reservoir Operation Model) was applied to benefited areas of Tapjeong reservoir (5,713.3ha) for Irrigation Water Requirement(IWR) estimation. For future land use change simulation, the CLUE-s used land uses of 2007, 2013, and 2019 from Ministry of Environment(MOE) and 6 classes(water, urban, rice paddy, upland crop, forest, and greenhouse cultivation). In 2100, the rice paddy and upland crop areas decreased 5.0% and 7.6%, and greenhouse cultivation area increased 24.7% compared to 2013. For the future climate change scenario considering agricultural land use change, the RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 2090s(2090~2099) IWR decreased 2.1% and 1.0% for rice paddy and upland crops, and increased 11.4% for greenhouse cultivation compared to pure application of future climate change scenario.