• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.69-79
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• 2012

Importance of the work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) has been increasing in the hospital industry such as health care industry and financial industry. This study investigated in order to identify the factors like general, occupational and ergonomically characteristics of the subjects related to musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) of physical therapists (PTs). Ergonomic tools of rapid upper limb assessment (RULA) were used for evaluation workload of the tasks. Prevalence of MSDs were 13 PTs (26.0%) for neck, 31 PTs (62.0%) for shoulder, 9 PTs (18.0%) for arm/elbow, 27 PTs (54.0%) for hand/wrist, 28 PTs (56.0%) for back, 14 PTs (28.0%) for leg/foot. The analysis of the rate of the pain intensity showed that 53.5% subjects experience moderate pain and 14.0% subjects experience severe pain. Factors which were general characteristics, for example, height, ergonomically characteristics such as 'Posture Score A' were related musculoskeletal subjective symptoms in logistic analysis (p<.05). Among physical therapists, action level of RULA were action level 2 (6.0%), action level 3 (52.0%), action level 4 (42.0%). Physical therapists were estimated one of the highest risk factor in this study. This study suggested that the need of preventive education and program for PTs (physical therapists). Comprehensive and systematic management plans should be established to include both ergonomic and sociopsychological aspects.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.46-56
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• 2015

Objectives : Cold hypersensitivity has been regarded to be associated with Autonomic Nervous System (ANS). This study aims to investigate the indicator of cold hypersensitivity of hands and evaluate the correlation between indicator of coldness of hands and Heart Rate Variability (HRV). Methods : We studied 55 patients with cold hypersensitivity of hands who visited in SeMyung University Hospital from 17 August 2015 to 21 August 2015. Thermometer and VAS scale were used for the diagnosis of cold hypersensitivity. After careful examination to rule out other disease which may affect thermometer and HRV data, patients were taken thermometer, those with thermal difference between upper arm (L4) and palm(P8), also asked to answer a VAS scale of cold hypersensitivity of hands, VAS more than 4 were enrolled for evaluation. Results : There was significant correlation between L4-P8 temperature difference and VAS score of cold hypersensitivity. In HRV data, normalized high frequency (HF normal) was significantly correlated with L4-P8 temperature difference, which was objective indicator of cold hypersensitivity of hands. Conclusions : L4-P8 temperature difference using thermometer is objective indicator of cold hypersensitivity, based on VAS scale. Cold hypersensitivity is highly related with ANS, regulating body heat and temperature. HRV is considered to be widely used in cold hypersensitivity in hands for evaluation of ANS.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.203-215
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate current garment sizes of women's formal jackets, targeting plus-size women in online shopping malls, and to identify effective size information involved in online apparel purchase behaviors to overcome the short comings of current garment sizes from the perspectives of consumers. Basic 88 size formal jackets from the seven companies found on the 22 websites were collected and analyzed. The data were collected from March to October 2007, and analyzed using SPSS 14.0. The results were summarized as follows. First, there was no website using standard garment size labeling with 'bust-hip-height' set up by KS K 0051 among the 22 websites. Instead, all 22 websites used garment size labeling with figures such as 88, 99, 100, 110, and 120 or with letters such as L, XL, and XXL. The websites presented no body size, but listed garment size. Furthermore, the size information was presented differently, ranging from three items of bust circumference, upper arm length, and jacket length to six items of shoulder width, bust circumference, waist circumference, sleeve width, sleeve length, and jacket length. In addition, no website presented basic information for hip circumference, despite the jacket length covering the hips. Second, a total of 85.7% the websites listed bust circumferences in 88 garment sizes collected as 100cm. Shoulder widths were presented as 39cm or 37cm. Sleeve circumferences were addressed the same, 36cm, in all websites. Third, comparing the differences between guidance sizes and measurement sizes, only 28.5% of the web sites posted guidance sizes of shoulder widths the same as those of the measurement sizes. All web sites presented guidance sizes of bust circumstances as 1 to 5cm smaller than those of the measurement sizes.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.81-91
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• 1998

The subjects in this research were 368 girls in high school for survey, and wearing sensation and physiological responses were investigated through wearing trials on human body in climatic chamber based on these results from the survey. The results are as follows : 1. They enjoyed wearing t-shirts, jackets, vests, and blouses in order for the upper clothes, and they preferred t-shirts to blouses. For the lower clothes, they enjoyed slacks much more than skirts. The weight of clothes was significantly heavier in the group where they wore the uniforms(U-group) than in the group where they wore the free styles(F-group). When they chose the school wear, activity was the most important of all, and the maintenance was the least. 2. As the classes were a little cool and dry, most of them dissatisfied the environment. The degree of the satisfaction of the class environment and properties to it were higher in the U-group than in F-group. 3. In the textiles, colors, styles, activity, static electricity, seasonal property, and easiness of putting on and taking off the clothes, F-group was more satisfied than U-group. U-group was more satisfied than F-group in the soil of the clothes. 4. The thermal comfort, thickness, and tightness of the clothes were not significantly different between the groups. The clothes of U-group was heavier than those of F-group, and the tactile sensation in U-group was worse than F-group. In U-group the students felt the skirts very inconvenient when they acted. 5. The weight of the clothes influenced the wearing sensation, therefore the heavier the clothes were the less satisfied they felt. 6. The inside temperature of clothes was significantly higher in U-group than in F-group. The skin temperatures of abdomen and arm were significantly higher in U-group than in F-group, while the skin temperatures of thighs and legs were significantly lower in U-group than in F-group. U-group felt heavier than F-group in wearing the clothes. Therefore the improvement of the clothes weight is needed.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.11-16
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• 2015

Objective: Prone bridge exercise is one of the core strengthening exercise for improving abdominal, lower and upper extremity muscles. In addition, coactivation of the trunk muscles and extremities is important for treatment of low back pain. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the thickness, cross-sectional area of the target muscle, and endurance during prone bridge exercise. Our hypothesis was that an increase in muscle thickness is positively related to the hold time for the static prone bridge exercise. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Fourteen healthy university students (8 men and 6 women) voluntarily participated in the study at Sahmyook University. Hold time for the prone bridge with one and both legs was measured. The resting and contracted thickness of the lateral abdominal, rectus femoris, and triceps muscles was measured using rehabilitative ultrasound imaging. The correlation between muscle thickness and endurance for maintenance time was evaluated. Results: The prone bridge with both legs and the contraction thickness of the triceps muscle showed a positive correlation (r=0.692, p<0.05); the prone bridge with one leg and the contraction thickness of the internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles showed a positive correlation (r=0.545, 0.574, p<0.05, 0.05, respectively). Conclusions: Endurance for the prone bridge exercise with a stable support surface is correlated with the contraction thickness of arm muscles; the prone bridge exercise with an unstable support surface is correlated with the contraction thickness of the deep abdominal muscles.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.412-423
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• 2002

Currently, health promotion is an important issue in health policy for world citizens. Aerobic workout may be one way to attain health promotion. In recent years, there ave been many studies to evaluate the effects of exercise on obese people and various patients. However, there are few studies in which both physiological and psycho-perceptual aspects of health romotion for healthy people have been evaluated. Purpose: This study focused on evaluating the holistic effect of an 8 week aerobic workout for health promotion in young women. Method: This quasi-experimental study was designed as a nonequivalent control group pre-post test study. Forty healthy college women, aged between 20 and 25 volunteered for the study. Twenty women took 30 minutes of exercise a day for five days a week over 8 weeks with Jane Fonda's aerobic workout program. Twenty women participated as controls. The aerobic workout program consisted of warm-up for arms, waist, abdominal, leg, hips, buttocks and cool down exercises. Result: After the eight weeks of aerobic exercise, changes in health related fitness components through the In Body Test, skin fold, circumference of body, Body image, Self concept, Mood and Self-efficacy were compared. The results areas follows ; 1. Following the 8 week aerobic workout, health related body components, and fitness scores, increased significantly (P < 0.05) and skin fold for four sites (right upper arm, scapular, abdomen, supra ilium), and circumference of mid thigh decreased significantly (P<0.05, p<0.005, P<0.001) compared to the control group. 2. Following the 8 week aerobic workout, there was a significant increase in Self-concept and Mood (P<0.005 and 0.001) compared to the control group. Conclusion: According to these results, it is concluded that 8 weeks of aerobic workout have a positive effect on young women's holistic health promotion.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.298-306
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine satisfaction and dissatisfaction factors with the method of testing practice in Fundamentals of Nursing with the students using checklists. Method: Subjects were 251 students doing three month practice. Checklists by K Publishing were used to assess skill in measuring blood pressure and sterilized. Measure for satisfaction and dissatisfaction factors were developed by researcher through a literature review. Collected data were processed using SAS. Results: 1. Average score for satisfaction was $3.49{\pm}0.68$ for theoretical subjects of basic nursing, $3.44{\pm}0.72$ for practical subjects and $3.29{\pm}0.74$ for practice. Average score for interest was $3.71{\pm}0.73$, 2. Average score for general satisfaction was $3.52{\pm}0.56$, and the satisfaction factor with the highest score was 'It was helpful in improving practical skills after the test'(average $3.78{\pm}0.78$). Average Score for general dissatisfaction was $3.13{\pm}0.59$, and dissatisfaction factor With the highest score was 'As I did not think deeply, I don't know exactly what mistakes I made'(average $3.41{\pm}0.94$). 3. Students who wanted to study further in the future appeared to be satisfied with practical tests using checklists(F=2.04, p=.038), and students appeared to be dissatisfied with them when they didn't have enough time for practice(F=3.38, p=.010). Conclusion: Students' satisfaction was relatively high, particularly as the tests were seen as helpful in improving practical skills after tests.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.14 no.3 s.62
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• pp.387-403
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to develop a new torso pattern for the schoolgirl of a tween generation who had different somatotype from children and teenagers. The subjects in this study were female elementary school students of fifth or sixth grade. Through a sensory evaluation of four existing torso patterns, the first research torso pattern was developed. Drafting methods of each item, which closed to the optimum value three, were selected. The differences between the values of the selected drafting methods and the optimum three were verified through a Wilcoxon's ranked sum test. The final research torso pattern was developed through adjusting the drafting methods according to the deviation from the optimum value three. The schoolgirl of a tween generation is at the time to show the remarkable breast development compared with a waist circumference, so the bust drafting was defined as B/4+ 1.25cm separately front and back. The drafting of a waist circumference was defined as W/4+1cm separately front and back which taken the ease amounts of the somatotype into consideration of the schoolgirl of a tween generation. A princess line was used instead of a waist dart because their hip circumference was more developed than a waist circumference. The crossed amount of a front hemline was 0.3cm and that of a back hemline was 0.7cm. and the princess line of the position was drawn with a straight line at a right angle of the back waistline. The armhole depth was determined B/4-1cm in consideration of the aesthetic and the trend, although the effective movement of upper arm was required.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.184-194
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is twofold: it suggests appropriate sizes in menswear slim-fit jackets according to brand zones and number of buttons, as well as jacket patternmaking methods according to jacket styles by surveying and comparing the overall present status of patternmaking and production for both men's slim-fit and classic-fit jackets. The researcher conducted interviews with patternmakers of sixteen brands with prepared questionnaires. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics using SPSS 12.0. The results of this study are as follows: first, for the production ratios of jacket style, the jacket styles' respective proportions differ distinctly according to brand zone. Second, for a jacket with the same number of buttons according to brand zone, the size in character-casual brand zone (character casual can be defined as high quality brands producing designer style clothes) is slightly bigger than the men's formal suit. As the number of buttons increases, there are increases in the chest, waist and hip circumference; on the other hand, the front neck width and the distance from the shoulder neck point to the bottom of the lapel both decrease. Furthermore, the amount of wearing ease in the chest, waist, upper arm circumference, and sleeve curve is less in slim-fit jacket styles than in classic-fit jacket styles. Fusible interfacing alone is used in slim-fit jackets, while sew-in interfacing is used in combination with fusible interfacing in classic-fit jackets. This research concludes that when slim-fit men's jackets are manufactured, appropriate patternmaking and manufacturing methods should be considered.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.173-179
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• 2007

Brown tumor is tumor like lesion resulted from hyperparathyroidism, and it has been rarely reported recently. We evaluated a 29-year-old woman who had brown tumor on proximal humerus caused by primary hyperparathyroidism. She first had presented pain and swelling over the upper arm, and was suspected as giant cell tumor in biopsy combined with hyperparathyroidism. Wide marginal excision and tumor prosthesis were performed. However, it was confirmed as brown tumor resulted from parathyroid adenoma according to laboratory findings and radioactive isotopes image, and surgical excision of adenoma relieved clinical symptoms. We report this case with a review of literatures.