• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.377-383
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• 2003

Physicochemical properties of a series of PC monolayers with different alkyl chains (C24, C20, C16, and C8), at the air/water interface were investigated. The surface pressure is influenced mainly by the hydrophobicity of the PCs, which is confirmed by the curve shape and the on-set value of π-A isotherms at the air/water interface by increasing the number of alkyl chain. The on-set values of surface pressure were 125 Ų/molecule for DOPC(C8), 87 Ų/molecule for DPPC(C16), 75 Ų/molecule for DAPC(C20), and 55 Ų/molecule for DLPC(C24), respectively. The orientations of alkyl chains at the air/water interface are closely connected with the rigidity of the monolayers, and it was confirmed by the tendency of monolayer thickness in ellipsometry data. The temperature dependence of a series of PCs shows that the surface pressure decreases by increasing temperature, because the longer the alkyl chain length, the larger the hydrophobic interaction in surface pressure. The temperature effects and the conformational changes of unsaturated and saturated PCs were confirmed by the computer simulation study of the cis-trans transition with POPC and DPPC(C16). The cistrans conformational energy difference of POPC is 62.06 kcal/mol and that of DPPC(C16) is 6.75 kcal/mol. Due to the high conformational energy barrier of POPC, phase transition of POPC is limited in comparison with DPPC(C16).

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.153-158
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• 2004

지금까지 화장품 분야에서의 리포좀 제조를 위해 안정성 측면에서 주로 사용하였던 포화레시틴 대신 피부 친화력과 침투력이 우수한 불포화레시틴을 사용하여 일반적으로 알려진 피부 각질층을 간극보다 작은 50nm 이하의 크기를 갖는 나노리포좀을 제조하는 기술을 개발하고자 하였다. 나노리포좀의 안정성 확보를 위해 용매의 종류, pH 발란스, 균질화 압력 및 보조계면활성제와 안정화제의 종류 등을 변수로 하였고, 결과적으로 친유성 부분이 Stearate 계열로 구성되는 보조계면활성제의 사용을 통해 안정성이 향상됨을 확인하였다. 포화레시틴을 사용하여 제조한 리포좀의 경우에는 보조계면활성제의 사용이 오히려 안정성을 감소시키고, 적절한 양의 오일을 사용할 때 안정성이 일부 향상되는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과들을 통해 나노 단위의 리포좀을 제조하기 위해서는 포화레시틴에 비해 불포화레시틴을 사용하는 것이 더욱 적절한 방법임을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.195-206
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• 1996

Cholesterol assimilated by Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 43121 was not metabolically degraded in that most of it was recovered with the cells. Cells grown in the presence of cholesterol micelles and bile salts were more resistant to Iysis by sonication than those grown in their absence, suggesting a possible alteration of cellular membranes. Cholesterol assimilation occurred during growth at pH 6.0, the amount of which was more than that by cells grown without pH control. Cholesterol assimilated by cells was recovered in the membrane fractions of cells both grown at pH 6.0 and without pH control. The effect of unsaturated fatty acids on cholesterol assimilation was not clear, since there was no significant (P> 0.05) difference in the amount taken up from micelles prepared using L-${\alpha}$-phosphatidylcholine, dioleoyl or L-${\alpha}$-phosphatidylcholine, distearoyl. Without Tween 80, little, if any, cell growth or cholesterol uptake was observed. In the presence of 0.05% Tween 80, cholesterol uptake increased dramatically as did growth. However, as the amount of Tween 80 increased beyond 0.05%, cholesterol uptake decreased while the amount of growth remained the same.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.80-89
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• 1994

The effects of amphotericin B (150 $\mu$g/ml) and cycloheximide (10 $\mu$g/ml) on the biosynthesis of phospholipid and their fatty acid composition in chloroplast isolated from Chlorella were analyzed to compare with control. The levels of total lipid, phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and phosphatidylcholine (PC) in the group treated with antibiotics were decreased. However, the biosynthesis of phosphatidylinositol (PI) was not affected by antibiotics. The major fatty acid in chloroplast envelope was linolenic acid (27.71%) in control and stearic acid (21.59%) in the group treated with amphotericin B. It was showed that the group treated with cycloheximide contained more unsaturated fatty acid than the control.

• 대한화장품학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한화장품학회 2003년도 IFSCC Conference Proceeding Book II
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• pp.379-391
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• 2003

Nanoemulsions have many specific characters compared with general emulsions in aspect of stability, rheological property, uniformity, high interfacial tension and so on. Therefore we study on nanoemulsions with changing various lecithins and oils using microfluidizer. As lecithins, we used saturated lecithin, unsaturated lecithin and hydrogenated phosphatidylcholine. Caprylic capric triglyceride, Squalane, Macadamia nut oil, Liquid paraffins, Dimethicone, and Cyclomethicone were used as oils. To identify nanoemulsions, we measured paticle size, zeta potential, turbidity and transmission electron microscope.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.509-515
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• 1994

한국산 마의 주요 품종인 Dioscorea batatas, D. aimadoimo and D. japonica 3가지 품종의 시료들을 동결건조하여 분말로 만든 다음 지질의 추출, silicic acid column chromatography에 의한 지질의 분획, thin layer chromatography에 의한 지질의 분리 및 gas chromatography에 의한 지방산 조성 등을 행하였다. 총지질의 함량은 D. japonica가 다른 마에 비해 적은 편이었으며, 지질을 분획한 결과 3가지 품종 모두 중성지질이 가장 많았고 그 다음 당지질, 인지질 순으로 나타났다. 분획한 각 지방의 구성 지질로는 중성지질이 sterolester, triglyceride, 1,3-diglyceride, 1,2-diglyceride 및 monoglycerid였고, 당지질에서 acylsterylglycoside, sterylglycoside, digalactosyldiglyceride 및 sulfolipid였고, 인지질에서 phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine 및 phosphatidylinositol 이었다. GC에 의한 총지질의 지방산 조성은 팔미트산과 리놀레산이 가장 많은 부분을 차지하였고 불포화지방산 함량이 포화지방산 함량보다 많았다. 또한 중성지질, 당지질 및 인지질의 지방산 조성도 총 지질을 구성하는 지방산 조성과 같은 양상을 보여 주었다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.132-136
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• 1992

밀가루의 지방질 조성에 대한 염소처리의 영향을 연구하기 위하여 밀가루 100파운드당 1, 2 및 4 oz의 액화염소가스를 각각 처리하여 각종 지방질 성분의 변화를 비교하였다. 염소처리에 의해 극히 적은 양이지만 유리 지방질 함량은 증가한 반면 결합지방질은 감소하였다. 중성 지방질함량은 염소처리량 증가에 따라 유리 및 결합지방질에서 모두 증가하였다. 당지방질 함량은 염소처리량 증가에 따라 유리지방질에서는 증가한 반면 결합지방질에서는 감소하는 경향이었다. Triglyceride의 함량은 염소처리량 증가에 따라 유리 및 결합지방질에서 모두 감소하였다. Digalactosyl diglyceride의 함량은 염소처리량 증가에 따라 결합지방질에서는 감소하였으며, 유리지방질에서는 4 oz 처리는 급격히 감소하였다. 유리 및 결합지방질 중 phosphatidylcholine 함량은 염소처리량 증가에 따라 감소한 반면 lysophosphatidylcholine은 증가하였다. 염소처리량 증가에 따라 유리 및 결합지방질에서 포화지방산 함량은 증가하였고 불포화지방산의 함량은 감소하는 경향이었다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.10-18
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• 2014

식물지방은 인간의 필수지방산과 영양 공급원 이외에 산업원료와 바이오 연료로 사용되고 있다. 식물지방은 색소체에서 지방산이 합성되어 소포체로 이동되어 최종적으로 중성지방으로 합성 축적되는 복잡한 대사과정을 거친다. 최근 연구결과에 의하면 종자지방 합성에 있어서 기존에 알려진 케네디 경로 이외에 세포막의 주요 인지질인 PC가 종자지방 합성에 있어 중요한 역할을 하며 종자지방에 존재하는 지방산의 불포화도를 조절하는데 핵심 역할을 함이 밝혀졌다. 또한 색소체로부터 소포체로의 지방산 이동에 PC가 직접적인 운반체 역할을 할 가능성이 제시되고 있다. PC가 종자지방 합성에 중요한 역할을 한다는 결과는 앞으로 PC가 어떤 기작에 의해 지방산을 종자로 이동시키며 소포체의 어느 특정부위에서 지방을 합성하는지에 대한 연구가 이루어져야 한다.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.391-398
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• 2010

Soybean lecithin liposomes composed phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidyl inositol and phosphatidic acid were prepared by using the previously developed supercritical reverse phase evaporation method. The effect of phospholipid composition on the formation of liposomes and physicochemical properties were examined by means of trapping efficiency measurements, transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering and zeta potential measurements. The trapping efficiency of liposomes for D-(+)-glucose made of CNA-Ⅰ which contains approximately 95% phosphatidyl choline is higher than that of CNA-II and CNA-O which contain approximately 32% phosphatidyl choline. However there is no any difference between the trapping efficiency of liposomes for D-(+)-glucose made of CNA-II which has saturated hydrocarbons tails and that of liposomes made of CNA-O which has unsaturated hydrocarbon chains. The electron micrographs of liposomes made of CNA-II and CNA-O show small spherical liposomes with diameter of $0.1\sim0.25{\mu}m$, while that of CNA-I shows large unilamellar liposomes with diameter of $0.2\sim1.2{\mu}m$. These results clearly show that phospholipid structure of phosphatidylcholine allows an efficient preparation of large unilamellar liposomes and a high trapping efficiency for water soluble substances. Liposomes made of CNA-II and CNA-O remained well-dispersed for at least 14 days, while liposome suspension made of CNA-I separated in two phase at 14 days due to aggregation and fusion of liposomes. The dispersibility of liposomes made of CNA-I is lower than that of CNA-II and CNA-O due to the smallar zeta potential of CNA-I.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.140-150
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• 2022

A method of ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-HRMS) was established for characterization of the lipid profile of Skipjack tuna. Over 300 lipid molecular species were identified through cross-acquisition in both positive and negative ion mode. Phospholipids (PLs) were dominant in Skipjack tuna. Lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) were the main lipid molecular species in PLs, accounting for 89.24% of the total PLs. The ratio of sphingolipids (SLs) and glycerolipids (GLs) were considerable, accounting for 12.30% and 13.60% of the total lipids respectively. Ceramide (Cer) was the main lipid molecular species of SLs, accounting for 64.96% of total SLs, followed by sphingomyelin (SM), accounting for 25.45% of total SLs. Ether diglycerides (ether DG) were the main lipid molecular species of GLs (97.83%). The main fatty acids (FAs) are unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) in Skipjack tuna. Besides, a new FAs class branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFA) was detected, together with the FA. The active lipids identified in this study can be used to evaluate the nutritional value of Skipjack tuna.