• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.59-66
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• 2006

Objectives: This study was performed to identify the socioeconomic factors, the psychosocial factors and the heath behavior factors that have an influence on abdominal obesity, as measured by using the waist circumference. Methods: Data was obtained from individuals aged above 20 years who had their waist circumference measured on the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001, which was a cross-sectional health survey. Results: Regression analysis of the factors that affect abdominal obesity showed that the education level, income, smoking, duration of smoking, drinking consumption, frequency of exercises and sleeping were the associated factors for abdominal obesity. For men, the duration of smoking, education level, income and drinking consumption were the associated factors for abdominal obesity. For woman, the education level, income, duration of smoking, drinking consumption and frequency of exercise were the associated factors for abdominal obesity. Conclusions: Abdominal obesity is a risk factor for morbidity and mortality, and it is associated with chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Based on the findings, it is essential to modify heath behaviors for preventing abdominal obesity, which is a condition associated with the incidence of chronic disease.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.175-187
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the potential risk factors - children's factors, parental factors, and familial-environmental factors - with respect to overweight and obesity in Korean preschool children. Methods: This study used a descriptive cross-sectional design and involved 264 pairs of mothers and preschool children aged 3-5 years (121 boys, 143 girls) attending daycare centers in C city. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to identify significant risk factors for overweight and obesity in preschool children. Results: According to the multivariate logistic regression, family history of diabetes mellitus as children's factors, overweight or obesity of both parents as parental factors were significantly associated with an increased likelihood of overweight and obesity in preschool children. In addition, lack of community space for physical activity as familial-environmental factors was significantly associated with increased likelihood of overweight and obesity. Conclusions: Health care providers should concerned with the risk of overweight and obesity in children with high risk familial factors, such as family history of obesity and diabetes mellitus. Moreover, policies should be set in place to make sure communities include space that foster physical activity in young children.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.207-214
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• 2019

Purpose: To identify the prognostic factors that could influence survival and to compare prognoses of the patients with the number of the risk factors that might assist in the adequate management of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with bone metastases that showed a heterogeneous range of survival. Materials and Methods: A total of 41 patients, treated with radiotherapy (RT) for bone metastases from HCC from 2014 to 2017, were enrolled retrospectively. Survival was determined by the Kaplan-Meier method from the start of the RT for metastatic bone lesions. Pre-RT clinical features were evaluated and their influences on survival were analyzed. The significant factors were considered to compare survivals according to the number of prognostic factors. Results: Median follow-up was 6.0 months (range, 0.5 to 47.0 months). The median overall survival was 6.5 months, and the 1-year and 2-year survival rates were 35.5% and 13.5%, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that the Child-Pugh class A group, alpha-fetoprotein increased more than 30 ng/mL, and HCC size of more than 5 cm were associated with worse overall survival. The median survivals in HCC with none, 1, 2, and 3 of the aforementioned risk factors were 19.5, 9.0, 2.5, and 1.0 months, respectively (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Our results show that the overall survivals were significantly different according to the number of the risk factors among HCC patients with bone metastases who showed various lengths of survival.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.743-752
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• 2012

Hepatocellular carcinoma is a common disorder worldwide which ranks 5th and 7th most common cancer among men and women. In recent years, different incidence trends have been observed in various regions, but the reasons are not completely understood. However, due to the great public efforts in HCC prevention and alternation of lifestyle, the roles of some well documented risk factors played in hepatocarcinogenesis might have changed. This paper summarizes both the environmental and host related risk factors of hepatocellular carcinoma including well established risk factors such as hepatitis virus infection, aflatoxin and alcohol, as well as possible risk factors such as coffee drinking and other dietary agents.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.8
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• pp.425-433
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• 2020

This paper aims to develop a conceptual framework for evaluating the impact of motivational factors on the work results of lecturers at Vietnam National University, Hanoi (VNU), one of two leading multidisciplinary and multi-sectoral national universities in Vietnam. This study has considered wages and other benefits (WB), training and development (TD), working environment (WE) and working motivation (WM) as motivational factors, and proposed a structural model of the impact of motivational factors on the work results of lecturers at VNU. The empirical analysis used data from the survey data of 321 university lecturers. Comprehensive, valid, and reliable tools (SPSS 26 and SmartPLS 3.0 software) are used to evaluate rigorous statistical tests including convergence validity, discriminatory validity, reliability, and average variance extracted to analyze and verify the gathered data, and the hypotheses developed. The result of path analysis shows that four motivational factors constitute a structured system with different degrees of influence on the work results of lecturers. There is also a positive relationship between the motivational factors and the work results of lecturers. As a result, it can be concluded that all hypotheses developed are supported. Several recommendations are further suggested to improve the performance of lecturers at VNU.

• KSTLE International Journal
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.7-11
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• 2002

The roughness effects are very important due to the presence of interacting asperities in mixed lubrication regime. An average Reynolds equation using flow factors is useful to determine the effects of surface roughness on mixed lubrication. In this study, the effect of kurtosis on flow factors is investigated using random rough surfaces generated numerically, The results show that flow factors are very sensitive to h/$\sigma$ according to the value of kurtosis in the partial lubrication regime.

• Journal of Korean language education
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.25-53
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• 2018

This study examined the influence of lexical factors on verbal Eojeol recognition. To meet the goal, forty-five L2 Korean learners and twenty-two Korean native speakers took Eojeol decision tasks measured with the lexical factors such as 'number of strokes', 'number of consonants and vowels', 'number of syllables', 'number of morphemes', 'whole Eojeol frequency', 'root frequency', 'first-syllable-sharing frequency', and 'number of dictionary meanings.' As a result, 'whole Eojeol frequency' was the most effective factor to predict Eojeol recognition reaction time for native speakers and L2 learners, which supports the full-list model. Other lexical factors influencing Eojeol recognition reaction time in L2 learners were different following their proficiency level.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.583-598
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• 2023

Dementia is a clinical syndrome characterized by progressive impairment of cognitive and functional abilities. As currently applied treatments for dementia can only delay the progression of dementia and cannot fundamentally cure it, much attention is being paid to reducing its incidence by preventing the associated risk factors. Cardiovascular and metabolic diseases are well-known risk factors for dementia, and many studies have attempted to prevent dementia by treating these risk factors. Growing evidence suggests that sex-based factors may play an important role in the pathogenesis of dementia. Therefore, a deeper understanding of the differences in the effects of drugs based on sex may help improve their effectiveness. In this study, we reviewed sex differences in the impact of therapeutics targeting risk factors for dementia, such as cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, to prevent the incidence and/or progression of dementia.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.523-536
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• 2010

This study analyzed the effects of demographic factors and sensory experiences of customers on customer satisfaction, using data from 302 customers in the Pusan, Ulsan, and Kyungnam areas who have visited family restaurants within 3 month period prior to the study. This study defined the sub-factors of sensory experience as vision, sound, smell, taste, and touch, and defined the sub-factors of customer satisfaction as main services, supplementary facilities, services related to sales promotion, served food, and the location of a restaurant. The study revealed that each evaluation score of the sub-factors of sensory experience and each evaluation score of the sub-factors of customer satisfaction was a little higher than the middle score. Respondents evaluated taste as the highest score among the sub-factors of sensory experience and evaluated main services as the highest score among the sub-factors of customer satisfaction. In terms of the effects of the sub-factors of sensory experiences and demographic factors on overall customer satisfaction, more positive taste experience, vision experience, and sound experience led to higher overall customer satisfaction and the married group in terms of marital state gave higher evaluation scores on overall customer satisfaction than the counterpart. In terms of the effects of the sub-factors of sensory experiences and demographic factors on individual customer satisfaction, consumers' sensory experiences were shown to exert far greater influences than the demographic variables.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.183-193
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence and risk factors of sleep disturbance among community dwelling adults in Korea. Methods: Data were collected from nine hundred fifty nine adults dwelling in a metropolitan city in Korea. Subjects were older than 45 years, did not take medication for sleep problems on a regular basis, and did not work at night. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was used to collect data about sleep disturbance. Sociodemographic, life style, and health related factors were included as risk factors. Chi square test and logistic stepwise regression were used to identify the risk factors. Results: The prevalence of sleep disturbance was 13.1%. The significant risk factors were being female, age, number of toilet use at night, perceived health, and pain. Risk factors were somewhat different by gender. Emotional and job status were the risk factors only for men and menopausal status were for women. Conclusion: Prevalence of sleep disturbance in community dwelling adults in Korea was not greater than those dwelling in other countries. Females, older adults, the number of toilet use at night, perceived health, and pain were the most important risk factors for sleep disturbances. Gender was a factor in reported sleep disturbances. It might be useful to investigate the factors that contribute to the number of toilet use at night as this might have some underlying factors that could be corrected.