• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2013년도 제45회 하계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.128.1-128.1
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• 2013

We investigated the correlation between electrical transport and mechanical stress in $Bi_2Te_2Se$ by using a conductive probe atomic force microscopy in an ultra-high vacuum environment. Uniform distribution of measured friction and current were observed over a single quintuple layer terrace, which is an indication of the uniform chemical composition of the surface. By measuring the charge transport of $Bi_2Te_2Se$ surface as a function of the load applied by a tip to the sample, we found that the current density varies with applied load. The variation of current density was explained in light of the combined effect of the changes in the in-plane conductance and spin-orbit coupling that were theoretically predicted. We suppose that the local density of states is modified by tip-induced strain, but topological phase still remains. We exposed a clean topological insulator surface by tip-induced indentation. The surface conductance on the indented $Bi_2Te_2Se$ surface was studied, and the role of surface oxide on the surface conductance is discussed.

• 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.47-50
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• 2005

The AC loss is an important issue in the design of the high temperature superconductor (HTS) power cables, which consist of a number of lli 2223 tapes wound on a former. In the cables, the tapes have different critical currents intrinsically. And they are electrically connected to each other and current leads. These make loss measurements considerably complex, especially for short samples of laboratory size. In this work we have prepared a multi-tape conductor composed of Bi-2223 tapes. The at losses of the conductor have experimentally investigated. The loss tests indicate that the effect of tapes critical currents on AC loss measurement in the multi tape conductor is negligible only if currents in the tapes flow uniformly Moreover, the measured tosses of the conductor are in good agreement with the sum of the transport losses in the tapes. However, in the case of non-uniform current distributions, the measured AC losses considerably depend on the current distribution parameter of the positioning of a voltage lead. Thus special cautions should be needed for the measurement of the true AC losses in the short power cable samples.

• 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.50-54
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• 2016

In this paper, a hybrid method is proposed to design an air-core superconducting solenoid system for 6 T axial uniform magnetic field using Niobium Titanium (NbTi) superconducting wire. In order to minimize the volume of conductor, the hybrid optimization method including a linear programming and a nonlinear programming was adopted. The feasible space of solenoid is divided by several grids and the magnetic field at target point is approximated by the sum of magnetic field generated by an ideal current loop at the center of each grid. Using the linear programming, a global optimal current distribution in the feasible space can be indicated by non-zero current grids. Furthermore the clusters of the non-zero current grids also give the information of probable solenoids in the feasible space, such as the number, the shape, and so on. Applying these probable solenoids as the initial model, the final practical configuration of solenoids with integer layers can be obtained by the nonlinear programming. The design result illustrates the efficiency and the flexibility of the hybrid method. And this method can also be used for the magnet design which is required the high homogeneity within several ppm (parts per million).

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.105-115
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• 1985

Lead-tin-copper ternary alloy electrodeposition is conducted onto the inner bore surface of plain bearings as an overlay in order to investigate the effect of slot width, current density and fluoboric acid concentration on the uniformity of overlay. The thickness of overlay is analyzed by means of current distribution resulting from the overvoltage of plating bath and the apparent distance between cathode and anode. The result demonstrate that the uniformity of overlay is remarkably dependent of the slot size and current density, but has little bearing on the fluoboric acid concentration over 100g/L. This present study indicates that uniform overlay is obtainable within the tolerable thickness of ${\pm}2{\mu}m$ by using the slot width of 22mm. The surface morphology examination also shows the important role of concentration polarization of the micro-uniformity of overlay. The micro-uniformity has improved at the low concentration polarization which resulted from operating at the low current density and high fluoboric acid concentration. The surface morphology of deposits exhibits the vivid pyramid crystalline in the plating condition of low concentration polarizatio and all deposits have columnar structure parallel to the applied electric field regardless of the electroplating condition used.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.380-390
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• 2020

In this study, the traditional electron-blocking layer (EBL) in (In,Ga)N/GaN light-emitting diodes is replaced by a circular EBL that is the same size as the n-pad. The three-dimensional (3D) nonlinear Poisson, drift-diffusion, and continuity equations are adopted to simulate current transport in the LED and its characteristics. The results indicate that the local carrier-density distribution obtained for the circular EBL design is more uniform than that for the traditional EBL design. This improves the uniformity of local radiative recombination and local internal quantum efficiency (IQE) at high injection levels, which leads to a higher lumped IQE and lower efficiency droop. With the circular EBL, the lumped IQE is higher in the outer active region and lower in the active region under the n-pad. Since most emissions from the active region under the n-pad are absorbed by the n-pad, obviously, an LED with a circular EBL will have a higher external quantum efficiency (EQE). The results also show that this LED works at lower applied voltages.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제18권7호
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• pp.784-795
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• 2007

본 논문에서는 휴대폰용 내장형 PIFA 형태를 바탕으로 안테나 면을 4개의 element로 나눔으로써 넓은 대역폭과 향상된 이득 특성을 갖는 multi element 안테나를 제안하였으며, CDMA 대역인 $824{\sim}896MHz$와 RFID 대역인 $908.5{\sim}914MHz$를 동시에 만족하도록 설계하였다. 제안된 안테나의 크기는 $35{\times}15{\times}5mm^3$로 S사 A 모델의 케이스를 바탕으로 설계되었으며, 각 element를 안테나 안쪽으로 접어 넣음으로써 안테나의 소형화를 이루었다. 안테나의 광대역 및 향상된 이득 특성을 얻기 위해 안테나의 면을 4개의 element로 나누었다. 그 결과 전류의 패스가 길어지고 나뉘어짐에 따라, 안테나의 중심 주파수가 낮아지고 대역폭이 넓어지는 특성을 보였다. 또한, 안테나를 여러 개의 element로 나눔으로써 좀 더 고른 전류 분포를 갖게 되어 안테나의 효율이 향상되고 이득 값이 향상되는 특성을 가질 수 있었다. 좀 더 고른 전류 분포를 유도하여 안테나의 효율을 향상시키기 위해 전류가 각 element로 직접 전달되도록 급전 점에 변화를 주었다. 그 결과, 안테나의 이득 값이 더욱 향상되었으며, 급전 구조에 변화를 주면서 element를 4개로 설계하여 그 특성을 고찰한 결과, 가장 높은 이득 값을 보임을 확인하였다. 안테나의 이득 값을 유지한 상태로 소형화하기 위해 전류 방향을 고려하여 안테나의 각 element를 안테나의 앞면은 아래쪽으로 양 옆면은 안테나의 안쪽으로 접어 넣었다. 또한, 급전 위치를 조절하여 안테나의 공진 길이를 늘리기 위해 급전 점의 위치를 접지면의 윗부분에 배치하였다. 케이스를 고려하지 않은 상태로 원하는 안테나 특성을 얻었다고 하더라도, 케이스에 부착되면 주파수가 이동되고 원하는 주파수 대역에서 안테나 이득 값이 저하되기 때문에 휴대폰 케이스에 부착 시 $150{\sim}200MHz$의 주파수 이동이 발생함을 확인한 후에 1.08 GHz에 공진 주파수가 나타나도록 설계하였으며, 공진 주파수에서의 측정된 최대 이득 값은 3.1 dBi를 나타내었다. 케이스를 고려하여 측정한 경우, VSWR<2 기준 임피던스 대역폭은 $0.824{\sim}0.936GHz$로 110 MHz의 대역폭을 갖고 CDMA 대역과 RFID 대역을 동시에 만족할 수 있음을 나타내었다. 측정된 이득 값은 최소 -3.4 dBi에서 최대 -0.5 dBi를 나타내었고, 무지향성 패턴을 보임을 확인하였다.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.174-182
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• 2004

높은 생산성, 시스템 설계의 단순화 및 미래 확장에 대비한 여분의 전원 확보 등의 병렬운전 방법의 장점으로 인해 대전력 전원장치에 있어 컨버터 시스템의 병렬운전에 대한 요구가 점점 증가되어 왔다. DC-DC 컨버터의 소신호 모델을 토대로 하여, 병렬운전 시스템의 모델을 제안하였으며 각 컨버터 모듈간의 균일한 전류분배를 위해 제안된 균등 전류 분배법을 사용한 병렬운전 시스템에 대하여 논의하였다. 모의실험 프로그램을 사용하여, 서로 특성이 다른 컨버터 모듈로 구성된 병렬운전 시스템에서 마스터와 슬레이브 모듈의 위치가 자동적으로 변하면서 전류분배 오차는 제한 값 이내로 유지됨을 확인하였다. 병렬운전을 위한 제안된 컨버터 시스템의 운전 특성을 확인하기 위하여 1[kW]의 DC-DC 컨버터 모듈 2대를 제작 실험하였으며 모의실험 결과는 과도특성 및 기동특성에 있어 실험 결과와 잘 일치됨을 확인하였다.

• Ocean Systems Engineering
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.377-400
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• 2016

Dropped objects are among the top ten causes of fatalities and serious injuries in the oil and gas industry (DORIS, 2016). Objects may accidentally fall down from platforms or vessels during lifting or any other offshore operation. Proper planning of lifting operations requires the knowledge of the risk-free zone on the sea bed to protect underwater structures and equipment. To this end a three-dimensional (3D) theory of dynamic motion of dropped cylindrical object is expanded to also consider ocean currents. The expanded theory is integrated into the authors' Dropped Objects Simulator (DROBS). DROBS is utilized to simulate the trajectories of dropped cylinders falling through uniform currents originating from different directions (incoming angle at $0^{\circ}$, $90^{\circ}$, $180^{\circ}$, and $270^{\circ}$). It is found that trajectories and landing points of dropped cylinders are greatly influenced by the direction of current. The initial conditions after the cylinders have fallen into the water are treated as random variables. It is assumed that the corresponding parameters orientation angle, translational velocity, and rotational velocity follow normal distributions. The paper presents results of DROBS simulations for the case of a dropped cylinder with initial drop angle at $60^{\circ}$ through air-water columns without current. Then the Monte Carlo simulations are used for predicting the landing point distributions of dropped cylinders with varying drop angles under current. The resulting landing point distribution plots may be used to identify risk free zones for offshore lifting operations.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제29권6C호
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• pp.857-864
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• 2004

MPEG이나 JPEG 영상 압축 표준에서는 영상을 블록 단위로 나누어서 DCT를 하고 양자화 시킨다. 그리고 역양자화 값으로 양자화 구간의 중앙값을 사용한다. DCT 평균제곱 오차를 줄이려면 평균값을 사용하는 것이 최적이나 현재에는 uniform 분포를 가정하고 중앙값을 사용한다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 DCT 계수의 확률 분포함수가 Laplacian 분포를 따른다고 가정하고 역양자화 값으로 평균값을 사용했을 때 PSNR 개선 정도를 살펴왔다. 그리고 보정전의 양자화 오차와 보정 후의 양자화 오차를 이론적인 수식으로 나타내 보았다. 보정으로 인한 양자화잡음의 감소치의 이론적인 최대 값은 1.66 ㏈이다. 실험결과 제안된 대표값을 취했을 경우 기존의 방법보다 PSNR이 0.2∼0.4 ㏈정도 향상된다.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제17권10호
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• pp.1520-1532
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• 2003

An experiment was performed to obtain the local heat transfer coefficient and Nusselt number in a circular duct with a 180$^{\circ}$ bend for Re=6 x 10$^4$, 8 x 10$^4$ and 1 x 10$\^$5/ under swirling flow and non-swirling flow conditions. The test tube with a circular section was made from stainless steel having a curvature ration of 9.4. Current heat flux of 5.11 kW/㎡ was applied to the test tube by electrical power and the swirling motion of air was produced by a tangential inlet to the pipe axis at 180$^{\circ}$. Measurements of local wall temperatures and the bulk mean temperatures of air were made at four circumferential positions at 16 stations. The wall temperatures showed a reduced distribution curve at the bend for the non-swirling flow, but this effect did not appear for the swirling flow. The Nusselt number distributions for the swirling flow, which was calculated from the measured wall and the bulk temperatures, were higher than that of the non-swirling flow. The average Nusselt number of the swirling flow increased by about 90-100%, compared to that of the non-swirling flow. The Nu/Nu$\_$DB/ values at the 90$^{\circ}$ station for non-swirling flow and swirling flow were approximately 2.5 and 4.8 at Re=6x10$^4$ respectively. The values agree well with Said's results for non-swirling flow.