• Journal of Energy Engineering
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.113-122
• /
• 2017

The district heating system, which is the main axis of Korea's collective energy business, contributes to the national benefit and safety with the economical heat energy supply system.However, due to the uncertainty of management subjects and the shortage of professional technical personnel, there are many problems such as deterioration of thermal efficiency and unfairness of the price of the apartment houses. In this paper, we propose the monitoring points necessary for the efficiency and fault management of the district heating customer-side. And we propose a standard reference model to standardize it. We propose a technical methodology to improve the service quality and energy efficiency of the district heating facilities by applying IoT sensor technology, real-time monitoring and integrated management system.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
• /
• v.45 no.1
• /
• pp.48-54
• /
• 2008

MMORPGs may involve a great number of concurrent players, and those servers usually have to manage hundred, or even thousands of avatars co-existing in the same virtual world. So if failing to send a command or an event message, or sending it too late may cause damages to the avatar evolution(death, injury, loss of resources), and may result in unjustified penalties for the player. Many policies could be defined to realize a ranking evaluation of available servers. Unfortunately, due to the highly dynamic characteristics of server loads and network performances, any optimal allocation would soon become sub-optimal. In order to solve those problems we propose the "time-interval based fairness partitioning method"(TIP). TIP will distribute the avatar to the game server equally with time-interval in order to avoid the problems form the unfairness of game servers load.

• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
• /
• v.37 no.5
• /
• pp.386-395
• /
• 2010

Widespread deployment of infrastructure WLANs has made Wi-Fi an integral part of today's Internet access technology. Despite its crucial role in affecting end-to-end performance, past research has focused on MAC protocol enhancement, analysis, and simulation-based performance evaluation without sufficiently considering a misbehavior stemming from capture effect. It is well known that the capture effect occurs frequently in wireless environment and incurs throughput unfairness between nodes. In this paper, we propose a novel Fair MAC algorithm which achieves fairness even under physically unfair environment. While satisfying the fairness, the proposed algorithm maximizes the system throughput. Extensive simulation results show that the proposed Fair MAC algorithm substantially improves fairness without throughput reduction.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
• /
• v.52 no.1
• /
• pp.1-22
• /
• 2021

This study aims to face common threats from the depletion of fish resources, the decline of production and employment as well as the increase of life risk in East Sea Rim countries, North Korea, South Korea, Japan and Russia due to the Chinese fishing fleets entering East Sea. The recent competition in fishing among fishing vessels and fleets of national origin operating in the East Sea has induced a significant change in the ecological landscape of the fishing fleets cluster while having influenced production and employment in the fishing industries of South Korea and Japan as well as life threat on the fishermen in North Korea. It seems that the population organizational ecological theory can be applied to this change. It can be seen as the isomorphism of the selection process over the exclusive economic zone (EEZ) to avoid the environment in which these North Korean fishing vessels are pushed against the Chinese fleet in the North Korean part of the East Sea. To resolve the fishery disputes or conflict in the common waters in East Sea, first of all, Chinese fishing fleets will be required to put international pressure so as to solve the unfairness of the illegal fishing and overfishing by the International Fishery Organization or the UN violations of the sanctions against North Korea selling fishing rights to China. Although it is not easy for South Korea to cooperate with North Korea in the short term, South Korea will be able to support the fishery infrastructure in North Korea in the mid- to the long-term to prevent the loss of innocent lives for their fishermen and to raise their incomes.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.17 no.5
• /
• pp.249-256
• /
• 2019

The purpose of this study was to analyze the association between discrimination and job satisfaction among non-regular office workers. The data was collected from 128 employees of 7 university hospitals using a standardized questionnaire. In research methodology, the data was analyzed with descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, pearson's correlation, multiple regression analysis. The results of the study are as follows. Unjust working environment, position unfairness, employment instability were found to have a negative(-) effect on job satisfaction. Gender, education, income in general characteristics had a significant negative(-) effect on job satisfaction. The discrimination of non-regular office woman workers was higher and job satisfaction was lower than that man workers. These results showed that hospitals need active efforts to create friendly work environment for non-regular woman workers.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.19 no.5
• /
• pp.57-67
• /
• 2021

This study explores what factors influence college students' synchronous online learning satisfaction and what advantages and disadvantages exist when it comes to taking synchronous online learning courses. In-depth interview results suggest that advantages of synchronous online learning are convenience (no need for travel, no limitation for study place), saving money, and no worry for contracting Corona 19. However, disadvantages of synchronous online learning are instability of online learning system, lack of interaction between learners and educators, difficulty of instant communication, low education quality, and unfairness of exams. This study found that college students taking synchronous online course think that synchronous online learning is more appropriate for theory-based course than practice-based courses in that theory-based courses are lecture-oriented while practice-based courses require interactivity between learners and educators. This study provides educators a baseline understanding on how college students think over synchronous online learning and how to enhance students' satisfaction with synchronous online learning.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
• /
• v.6 no.8
• /
• pp.499-509
• /
• 2016

The MSIP has implemented "Act on The Development of Cloud Computing and Protection of Its Users" from September 2015 and invigorated the cloud service industry. The act mainly includes the improvement cloud computing reliability and user protection for the development foundation and use activation. In order to expand the cloud market, it is important to increase the reliability of individual users. However, practical discussions and approach for cloud services adoption are still limited. In fact, there is no agreement standard for domestic cloud services. As a user agreement is not standardized, users feel difficulty compare to each agreement of cloud service provider and may be damaged because of unfair terms. Thus, it is necessary to examine the unfairness of cloud service agreement for user protection. This study analyzes domestic and foreign cloud service agreements including Practical Guide to Cloud Service Agreement of Cloud Standards Customer Council and suggests the direction of the standard agreement of cloud services.

• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.119-133
• /
• 2011

The objective of this study is to establish the basic concepts for franchise agreements in consideration of both theoretical and practical conditions, to set the parameters for the discussion regarding the practical business matters pertaining to franchise agreements, and to analyze the criteria for determining the illegality of unfair trade practices based on research into actual practices in franchise transactions and on case studies of the implementation of laws by the Fair Trade Commission. The study aims to thereby contribute to the stabilization of laws in franchise transactions, benefiting all parties including franchise-related institutions, participants in franchise transactions, and related consumers. In conclusion, even in cases where regulatory exceptions are applied within the Fair Franchise Transactions Act when determining the illegality of franchised businesses, it is impossible to eliminate illegality unless all necessary and sufficient conditions have been included, and even if the procedure for evading illegality has been undertaken, illegality may not be eliminated unless the contents thereof are legitimate.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.28 no.11A
• /
• pp.867-875
• /
• 2003

Current end-to-end congestion control depends only on the information of end points (using three duplicate ACK packets) and generally responds slowly to the network congestion. This mechanism can't avoid TCP global synchronization in which TCP congestion window size is fluctuated during congestion period. Furthermore, if RTT(Round Trip Time) is increased, three duplicate ACK packets are not correct congestion signals because congestion might already disappear and the host may send more packets until it receives three duplicate ACK packets. Recently there are increasing interests in solving end-to-end congestion control using AQM(Active Queue Management) to improve the performance of TCP protocols. AQM is a variation of RED-based congestion control. In this paper, we first evaluate the effectiveness of the current AQM schemes such as RED, CHOKe, ARED, FRED and SRED, over traffic with different rates and over traffic with mixed responsive and non-responsive flows, respectively. In particular, CHOKe mechanism shows greater unfairness, especially when more unresponsive flows exist in a shared link. We then propose a new AQM scheme using CHOKe mechanism, called DQC(Double Queue CHOKe), which uses two FIFO queues before applying CHOKe mechanism to adaptive congestion control. Simulation shows that it works well in protecting congestion-sensitive flows from congestion-causing flows and exhibits better performances than other AQM schemes. Also we use partial state information, proposed in LRURED, to improve our mechanism.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
• /
• 1998.10a
• /
• pp.480-482
• /
• 1998

최근, 멀티캐스트 기법을 사용하는 멀티미디어 응용 프로그램들이 인터넷에 등장하고 있다. 이들 응용 프로그램들의 성공 여부는 수신자들에게 전송되는 음성/영상의 품질에 의해 좌우된다. 인터넷은 응용프로그램의 QoS(Quality of Service) 에 대한 요구를 보장할 수 없기 때문에 멀티케스트 트래픽(multicast traffic)을 위하여 인터넷의 성능을 최대한 효율적으로 이용할 수 있도록 흐름제어에 대한 많은 연구가 진행되고 있다. 그 중 IVS(INRIA Video conferencing System)에서 제안한 멀티캐스트 트래픽 흐름제어 알고리즘은 수신자가 주기적으로 전달하는 RTCP 의 패킷손실 정보에 의해 송신자가 전송율을 조절하는 것이다. 그러나 이 알고리즘은 네트워크 상태가 무부하(unload)임에도 불구하고 느린 피드백으로 인하여 가용 네트워크 대역폭을 빠르게 파악하지 못하기 때문에, TCP트래픽과 경쟁 상태에서 네트워크 대역폭을 불공정(unfairness)하게 사용하게 되고 네트워크 상태에 알맞는 전송율을 결정하지 못한다. 본 논문에서는 더욱 공정하게 대역폭을 공유할 수 있고 전체 링크 이용율을 높이는 두 가지 기법을 제안한다. 첫째, 측정된 네트워크 혼잡상태에 따라 RTCP 피드백의 전송 빈도를 동적으로 조절하는 것이다. 둘째, TCP와 같이 전송율을 증가/감소시킴으로써 공정하게 네트워크를 공유하도록 하는 것이다. 본 논문에서는 이 두 가지 기법들이 TCP 트래픽에 영향을 주지 않고 또한 RTCP피드백의 양을 증가시키지 않으면서도 공정하게 네트워크 대역폭을 공유함으로써 링크의 이용율을 높일 수 있다는 것을 시뮬레이션을 통하여 보여준다.안 모니터링 기 능 등으로 조사되었다.도 멜-켑스트럼을 사용한 경우 67.5%, K-L계수를 사용한 경우 75.3%로 7.8%의 향상된 인식률을 보였으며 K-L계수와 회귀계수를 결합한 경우에서도 비교적 높은 인식률을 보여 숫자음에 대해서도 K-L계수의 유효성을 확인할 수 있었다..rc$ 구입할 때 중점적으로 살펴보는 사항은 신선도와 순수재래종 여부, 위생상태였다. 한편 소비자가 언제나 구입할 수 없다는 의견이 85.2%나 되어 원활한 공급과 시장조성이 아직 정착되지 않고 있었다. $\bigcirc$ 현재 유통되고 있는 재래종닭은 소비자 대부분이 잡종으로 인식하고 있었으며, 재래종과 일반육계와의 구별은 깃털색, 피부색, 정강이색등 외관상으로 구별하고 있었다. 체중에 대한 반응은 너무 작다는 의견이었고, 식품으로의 인식도는 비교적 고급식품으로 인식하고 있다. $\bigcirc$ 재래종닭고기의 브랜드화에 대한 견해는 젊고 소득이 높은 계층에서 브랜드화의 필요성을 강조하고 있다. $\bigcirc$ 재래종달걀의 소비형태는 대부분의 소비자가 좋아하였으나 아직 먹어보지 못한 응답자가 많았다. 재래종달걀의 맛에 대해서는 고소하고 독특하여 차별성을 느끼고 있었다. $\bigcirc$ 재래종달걀의 구입장소는 계란판매점(축협.농협), 슈퍼, 백화점, 재래닭 사육 농장등 다양하였으며 포장단위는 10개를 가장 선호하였고, 포장재료는 종이, 플라스틱, 짚의 순으로 좋아하였다. $\bigcirc$ 달걀의 가격은 200원정도를 적정하다고 하였으며, 크기는 (평균 52g)는 가장 적당하다고