• 대한간호학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.967-977
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• 2001

This study explored and described the living spiritual experience and was attempted to gain an understanding of spirituality. This was done by eliciting participants′ verbal descriptions of their experiences. Method: Data was obtained from in-depth interviews with one cancer patient, one pastor, and three missionaries after obtaining informed consent from each. Interviews were tape recorded and transcribed verbatim. The transcripts were analyzed using Colaizzi′s phenomenological method. Sandelowski′s evaluation criteria for qualitative research, such as reliability, suitability and auditability, were also used to establish reliability and validity of this study. Result: The five major theme clusters that designated the essence of the spiritual experience, "spiritual awareness," "interconnectedness," "love," "tran- scendent energy," "purpose and meaning in life," emerged from the analysis. Conclusion: This study revealed that spirituality was activated by awareness through introspection and interconnectedness with a Supreme Being. The interconnectedness with a Supreme Being played an important role in harmonious relationships with others and self. It also resulted in revealing the other beneticial attributes of spirituality. Love, the core concept of the interconnectedness, worked as a transcendent energy. Also, the ability to see beyond reality and resulted in finding meaning in life and accomplishing well being.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.1-4
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• 2010

Asthma is characterized by chronic airway inflammation with intense eosinophil and lymphocyte infiltration, mucus hyperproduction, and airway hyperresponsiveness. Accumulating evidence indicates that antigen-specific Th2 cells and their cytokines such as IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 orchestrate these pathognomonic features of asthma. In addition, we and others have recently shown that IL-17-producing $CD4^+$ T cells (Th17 cells) and IL-23, an IL-12-related cytokine that is essential for survival and functional maturation of Th17 cells, are involved in antigen-induced airway inflammation. In this review, our current understanding of the roles of IL-23 and Th17 cells in the pathogenesis of allergic airway inflammation will be summarized.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.13-21
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• 1991

For development of teaching model for observational experiment and the major contents of science education guide books published for secondary school teacher in America, the actual survey to the secondary schools and the investigation of science education guide were carried out. The results were summarized as follows. 1. The major concepts of contents in science education books are constituted of introduction(9.67%), ability(8.94%), activity(6.61%), curriculum(11.61%), instruction planning(5.25%), instruction strategy(l7.74%), materials and facilities(1O.97%), evaluation(8.62%), society and community(l0.55%), guidelines(4.76%), practice(3.54%), and index(1.74%). 2. The constitution of multimedia teaching model for observational instruction was developed and arranged in order of six steps as observation, materialization, broad understanding, advanced study, application, and synthesis. This model was thought as the most effective for the achievement of the instructive goal for observational unit and others.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2005년도 추계 학술발표회 제17권2호
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• pp.283-286
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• 2005

Recently, the deterioration of concrete structures have been increased by the damage from salt, carbonization, freezing & thawing and the others. Reinforcement corrosion is the principal cause of deterioration of reinforced concrete. Unfortunately, full bond is assumed in all existing shear models, a condition which is often not fulfilled when assessing damaged structures. It is therefore very important to increase the understanding of how reduced bond influences the load carying capacity particularly for shear. Therefore in this study an equation is proposed to evaluate the residual shear strength considered deterioration.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.109-114
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• 2010

The molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are poorly defined. Accumulating evidences indicate that chronic inflammatory responses and adaptive immunity play important roles in the development and progression of the disease. Recently, it has been shown that IL-17 producing CD4 T cells, named Th17 cells, which have been implicated in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, are involved in airway inflammation and COPD. In addition, we and others suggest that autoimmunity may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of COPD. Here, we will review the current understanding of roles of Th17 cells and autoimmune responses in COPD.

• 영어어문교육
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.193-210
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• 2007

This essay is an attempt to give a theoretical articulation of novelistic mimesis as the narrative form of modernity. With the passage to modernity, what assumes the locus of the symbolic authority is no longer God, Father, or tradition, but the cultural gaze or the ego-ideal. At the same time, this gaze paradoxically coalesces with the "spectacle of the world," on the side of the reified "other": the gaze is both the desexualized ego-ideal and its instantaneous transmogrification and resexualization in the opaque world of objects. The imaginary ego or the eye on the side of the subject of representation is held at abeyance in a state of perpetual fascination and desperation in relation to the gaze as the world of "others," which lies always at one remove from the purview of the imaginary ego. This understanding of the inadequation of the ego to the cultural gaze of the reified world provides a critical fulcrum upon which I base my theory of the modern narrative mimesis as the "perverse" field of spatial arrangement, in which the split of the subjectivity into the imaginary ego and the ego-ideal is suspended over the phantasmatic world of bodies and territories.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.300-314
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of small-group discussion and panel discussion as teaching and learning methods on college students' competencies of communication, problem-solving and leadership in a general education course. Participants were 52 college students, and they participated in the 13-session lessons. The data from questionnaires collected before and/or after the experiment were analyzed using a paired t-test and percent. The results were as follows. First, each 'total' competency in communication, problem-solving and leadership was increased statistically significant after the experiment. Second, in subdomains of each key competency, 'directed communication' and 'understanding the perspective of others' in communication, and 'divergent thinking', 'decision-making' and 'assessment' subdomains in problem-solving, and all subdomains in leadership were increased statistically significant after the experiment. Based on the results and students' opinions about discussions, the education implications for small-group discussion and panel discussion were discussed.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.57-67
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• 2003

Purpose: This study was done to analyze subjectivity of smoking among adult smokers. Method: Q-methodology which provides a scientific method on subjectivity, was used. Result: Five types of smoking among adult smoker were identified Type I, Concerning Significant Others; Type II, Pursuing Psychological Comfort; Type III, Habitual Craving; Type IV, Pursuing Social Relations and Type V, Maintaining Self Control. Stage of change and methods of stress relieving were revealed to be factors influencing the smoking modes among the adult smokers. Conclusion: The five types of smoking and factors influencing them as revealed in this study provide a better understanding of smokers. Smoking styles and subjective values about smoking provide insight for nursing interventions for smoking.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제41권11호
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• pp.171-187
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to measure the effects of self-growth group counseling program for children in a group home. The results of this study are as follows. First, the self-growth group counseling program was effective to improve self esteem. The most significant increases were seen in the global self-esteem and school-academic self-esteem. Second, the group cohesion and participation frequency of the program were improved, as the session was progressed. Third, as the changes of individual, the understanding and acceptance of oneself and the others are improved. So, impulsivity and aggression became lower, and problem behavior was less.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.470-481
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore self-management support experiences among breast cancer survivors. Methods: Individual in-depth interviews were performed for survivors who had treated breast cancer after completion of chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Data were collected from April 2014 to July 2014 and analyzed using phenomenological method by Colaizzi. Results: Five essential themes were found as follows: 1) Need for continuous help and support to maintain self-management, 2) Need for professional resources to carry out regular exercise, 3) Overcoming psychological difficulties through others rather than health care professionals, 4) Disappointment with time with and circumstances of health care consultation, 5) Dependence on means of media for health related information. Conclusion: The results might contribute to an understanding of self-management support experienced by breast cancer survivors in Korea. It is suggested that evidence-based program for self-management support should be developed and applied to nursing intervention for breast cancer survivors.