• Journal of the Korea Computer Industry Society
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.377-382
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• 2004

An unconstrained three-dimensional cutting problem describes the process of finding the cutting pattern that yields the maximum total profit-sum for the small parallelepipeds pieces cut from a large parallelepiped box and there is no limit to the number of pieces to be cut. The problem is a classic NP-hard. The bottom-up approach, which generates all of the feasible cutting patterns by combining two other cutting patterns, can be applied to the three-dimensional problem. We introduce a build and new branching strategies for the unconstrained three-dimensional cutting problem. The strategies are all generalized from the branching strategies proposed by G et at. to solve unconstrained two-dimensional cutting problems.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.118-123
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• 2011

Heart related diseases mainly caused by heavy work load and increasing stress in human daily life. Therefore, researches on mobile healthcare monitoring for daily life has been carried out. Notably, wearable healthcare monitoring system which has least restriction has been tried to provide an emergency alert of abnormal heart rate. In this study, we developed chair type unconstrained BCG measurement system which able to perform continuous heart status monitoring at the office and daily life in the unconstrained way. Furthermore, adaptive threshold is used to detect the heart rate from BCG signals. The HRV(heart rate variability) is calculated from heart rate interval. ECG signal measured using conventional method and BCG signal measured using unconstraint system are carried out simultaneously for the purpose of performance evaluation. From the comparison result, BCG signal shows a similar heart beat characteristic as ECG signal. This proves the possibility of practical implementation of unconstraint healthcare monitoring system. In addition, medical examination like valsalva maneuver is performed to observe the changes in HRV due to stress. By performing valsalva maneuver, heart is said to be placed under an artificial physical stress condition. Under this artificial physical stress condition, the time and frequency domain of HRV parameters are evaluated.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.12
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• pp.129-139
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• 2021

The aim of this study is to provide insight into tax avoidance through planning and management, and its investment consequences in financially constrained and unconstrained firms, as well as to empirically examine the interrelationships between the variables studied. Data was extracted from the financial statement analysis of non-financial companies listed on the Pakistan stock exchange (PSX) published by the State Bank of Pakistan, covering ten major manufacturing sectors. KZ index and WW index are used to identify financially constrained and unconstrained firms. Tax avoidance is measured by using GETR and LETR. All the equations are estimated through panel data regression models using common, fixed, and random effects. The empirical investigation of the role of tax avoidance in all firms collectively and constrained and unconstrained firms separately showed that the tax avoidance behavior of these firms is translated into investments by these firms. The study will help policymakers in strategy formulation and implementation related to tax planning and investment decisions in constrained and unconstrained firms to overcome their financial constraints and to optimize their investment decisions for value maximization. This will substantially increase the investment in the country by providing growth opportunities and lowering the tax rates.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.73-81
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• 2013

In this paper, an efficient hybrid nonlinear conjugate gradient method is proposed to solve general unconstrained optimization problems on the basis of CD method [2] and DY method [5], which possess the following property: the sufficient descent property holds without any line search. Under the Wolfe line search conditions, we proved the global convergence of the hybrid method for general nonconvex functions. The numerical results show that the hybrid method is especially efficient for the given test problems, and it can be widely used in scientific and engineering computation.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.2121-2125
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• 2003

This paper proposes a fast distributed constrained power control (FDCPC) with non-stationary relaxation factor to next power update in CDMA cellular power control system. We review unconstrained control algorithms, the distributed power control (DPC), unconstrained second order power control (USOPC) and DPC with stationary relaxation factor (DPCSRF). Under the unconstrained condition, the convergence analysis shows theoretically that the convergence rate of DPC is the fastest one. However, under the constrained control algorithms, DCPC is not the fastest one any more because of transmission power constraint. To improve the convergence speed, the DCPC with non-stationary relaxation factor (FDCPC) are proposed. Under the constrained condition, the convergence rate of FDCPC outperforms that of DCPC and CSOPC.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.1301-1304
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• 1998

Several neural networks have been successfully used to classify complex patterns such as handwritten numerals or words. This paper describes the discrimination of totally unconstrained handwritten numerals using the proposed chaotic neural network (CNN) to improve the recognition rate. The recognition system in the paper consists of the preprocessing stage to extract features using Kirsch mask and the classification stage to recognize numerals using the CNN. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed network, we performed the recognition with unconstrained handwritten numeral database of Concordia university, Canada. Experimental results show that the CNN based recognizer performs higher recognition rate than other neural network-based methods reported using same database.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.71-79
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• 1999

We consider multi-step quasi-Newton methods for unconstrained optimization. These methods were introduced by Ford and Moghrabi [1, 2], who showed how interpolating curves could be used to derive a generalization of the Secant Equation (the relation normally employed in the construction of quasi-Newton methods). One of the most successful of these multi-step methods makes use of the current approximation to the Hessian to determine the parameterization of the interpolating curve in the variable-space and, hence, the generalized updating formula. In this paper, we investigate new parameterization techniques to the approximate Hessian, in an attempt to determine a better Hessian approximation at each iteration and, thus, improve the numerical performance of such algorithms.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.343-351
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• 2014

Washing machines designed to clean laundry have been more widely used at home as they reduce household labor and boost the quality of life. Technological advances and better standards of life increase demand for laundry washing performance. Energy efficiency regulations and consumer demand for the larger trend, washing machine makers should be done in performance studies to reduce power, and water consumption and the load on power transmission devices. In this study, performance of a fully automatic washing machine with unconstrained transmission is analyzed through experiment and CFD simulation. It is found that the interaction between laundry and transmission change the washing behavior and affect washing performance with regard to the degree of freedom. The results obtained in this study can be used in developing new washing machine transmissions and make them more robust.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 1996.10a
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• pp.295-298
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• 1996

We consider a nonpreemptive single-machine scheduling problem to minimize the mean squared deviation(MSD) of job completion times about a common due date d with a maximum tardiness constraint, i.e., maximum tardiness is less than or equal to the given allowable amount, .DELTA.(MSD/T$_{max}$ problem). We classify the .DELTA.-unconstrained cases in the MSD/T$_{max}$ problem. We provide bounds to discern each case for the problem. It is also shown that the .DELTA.-unconstrained MSD/T$_{max}$ problem is equivalent to the unconstrained MSD problem and the tightly .DELTA.-constrained MSD/T$_{max}$ problem with n jobs and a maximum allowable tardiness .DELTA. can be converted into the constrained MSD problem with a common due date .DELTA. and n-1 jobs. Finally, the solution procedure for MSD/T$_{max}$ problem is provided. provided.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.15 no.7 s.100
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• pp.829-835
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• 2005

An optimization formulation of unconstrained damping treatment on beam is proposed to minimize vibration responses using a numerical search method. The fractional derivative model is combined with RUK's equivalent stiffness approach in order to represent nonlinearity of complex modulus of damping materials with frequency and temperature. Vibration responses are calculated by using the modal superposition principle, and of which design sensitivity formula with respect to damping layout is derived analytically. Plugging the sensitivity formula into optimization software, we can determine optimally damping treatment region that gives minimum forced response under a given boundary condition. A numerical example shows that the proposed method is very effective in suppressing nitration responses by means of unconstrained damping layer treatment.