• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.101-106
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• 2002

The antiangiogenic effects of novel agent KJ3, Betulinic acid, and Fumagillin on the neovascularization were studied by examining ultrastructural alterations in the vasculature of synthetic gelform and mouse neuroblastoma C1300. Small pieces of gelform with 0.4% agar were introduced subcutaneously (s.c.) in 7 week old male CH3/HeJ mice. After the $LD_{50}s$ were determined by FACS analysis, a third of $LD_{50}$ of three drugs were injected either locally or intraperitoneally every other day for 14 days. A/J mice were inoculated s.c. with the C1300 neuroblastoma cell line, then either saline or three drugs were injected in the same manner. The antiangiogenic effects of three drugs were studied by measuring the histologic changes in tumors, and immunostaining for CD34, VIII/vWF, CD105, and thymidine phosphorylase. In the drug treated groups, the number of vessels in gelform experiments and C1300 neuroblastoma experiments were lower than the corresponding values in the control. The histologic findings were significantly different in drug treated groups on day 7, but these were not significant on day 14. These results imply that antiangiogenic agents were effective when the tumor burden is minimal.

• 치과방사선
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.27-40
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• 1985

This study was undertaken to observe the histopathologic changes in salivary gland of the white rats when exposed to megavoltage fractionated dose of cobalt-60 irradiation and 78 female white rats, weighing approximately 180gm, were divided into control and 3 experimental groups. Irradiation on experimental groups was delivered by using 6000 curies MeV ALCYON cobalt-60 teletherapy unit with exposure rate 183 rads per minute, in source skin distance 80cm, 600 rads every 3 days. In experimental groups, Group Ⅰwas irradiated of total dose 1200 rads for a period of 6 days, Group Ⅱ was irradiated of total dose 2400 rads for a period of 12 days and Group Ⅲ was irradiated of total dose of 4800 rads for a period of 24 days. The animals were sacrificed serially at 3 hours, 6 hours, 10 hours, 1st day, 4th day, 7th day after each completion of irradiation exposure. At sacrifice, salivary glands were excised and examined microscopically and electromicroscopically. The results were as follows: 1. The acinar cells of parotid and submaxillary gland showed damage varied with dose, 1200 rads resulted in very mild injury while 4800 rads caused most extensive injury. 2. The acinar cells of parotid and submandibular gland showed similar ultrastructural alterations, appeared as pleomorphic nucleus, decreased numbers and pleomorphism of secretory granules, distention of rough endplasmic reticulum, expansion and pallor appearance of mitochondria, and hypertrophy of Golgi complex. 3. Parotid serous cells were the most sensitive components, displaying morphological alterations of radiation damage as early as 3 hours, followed by submandibular seromucinous cells and secretory tubular cells. 4. The mucous cells of sublingual gland, as well as the whole ductal lining cells of each salivary gland, displayed no significant alterations. No evidence of microvascular injury through whole experimental groups indicated that microvascular impairment does not contribute to early salivary gland injury.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.25-33
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• 2006

정상성인 여성의 머리카락에 미용실에서 일반적으로 시술하는 탈색제를 사용한 다음 탈색직후, 탈색 후 10일, 20일이 경과한 머리카락을 채취하여 머리카락의 손상정도를 고배율의 투과 및 주사전자현미경으로 관찰하였다. 탈색직후 머리카락의 표면은 정상 머리카락과 비슷한 상태로 관찰되었으며 비늘이 분리되거나 손상됨 없이 나타났다. 탈색 후 10일 경과된 머리카락은 비늘이 분리되어 있고 일부 큐티클세포의 세포질은 조각이 나 있거나 떨어져 나갔다. 이 시기에 머리카락은 비늘이 떨어져 나가면서 표면에 세포부스러기들이 그대로 부착되어 있고, 비늘의 모양은 끝 쪽이 날카로운 모양을 하고 있었다. 탈색 후 20일이 경과된 머리카락은 표면 전체가 비늘의 분리에 의해서 거칠게 나타났다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.423-429
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• 2012

Brain ischemia leads to overstimulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, referred as excitotoxicity, which mediates neuronal cell death. However, less attention has been paid to changes in synaptic activity and morphology that could have an important impact on cell function and survival following ischemic insult. In this study, we investigated the effects of reperfusion after oxygen/glucose deprivation (OGD) not only upon neuronal cell death, but also on ultrastructural and biochemical characteristics of postsynaptic density (PSD) protein, in the stratum lucidum of the CA3 area in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures. After OGD/reperfusion, neurons were found to be damaged; the organelles such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, dendrites, and synaptic terminals were swollen; and the PSD became thicker and irregular. Ethanolic phosphotungstic acid staining showed that the density of PSD was significantly decreased, and the thickness and length of the PSD were significantly increased in the OGD/reperfusion group compared to the control. The levels of PSD proteins, including PSD-95, NMDA receptor 1, NMDA receptor 2B, and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, were significantly decreased following OGD/reperfusion. These results suggest that OGD/reperfusion induces significant modifications to PSDs in the CA3 area of organotypic hippocampal slice cultures, both morphologically and biochemically, and this may contribute to neuronal cell death and synaptic dysfunction after OGD/reperfusion.

• Mycobiology
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.383-391
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• 2020

Use of nanoparticles (NPs) in several commercial products has led to emergence of novel contaminants of air, soil and water bodies. The NPs may exhibit greater ecotoxicity due to nano-scale dependent properties over their bulk counterparts. The present investigation explores the effect of in vitro supplementation of TiO₂, silica and silver NPs on radial growth and ultrastructural changes in the hyphae and spores of two mushroom genera, Ganoderma lucidum and Volvariella volvaceae. A concentration dependent decrease in radial growth on NP amended potato dextrose agar medium was recorded. However, in comparison to control, there was decrease in radial diameter on supplementation with TiO₂ NPs while an increase was recorded for silica and silver NPs amendments as compared to their bulk salts at same concentrations after 48 h of incubation. Optical microscopy studies showed decrease in the number of spores while increase in spore diameter and thinning of hyphal diameter on NPs supplementation. Scanning electron microscopy analysis of fungal growth showed presence of deflated and oblong spores in two fruiting strains of Ganoderma while Volvariella exhibited decreased sporulation. Further, hyphal thinning and branching was recorded in response to NP amendments in both the test mushrooms. Enhancement of protein content was observed on NP compared to bulk supplementation for all cultures, concentrations and hours of incubation except for TiO₂ NPs. Likewise, bulk and NP supplementations (at 100 mg L^-1) resulted in enhanced laccase activity with occurrence of laccase specific protein bands on SDS-PAGE analysis.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.145-152
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• 2002

고압맥동전류가 탈신경근의 형태에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 조직화학적 방법과 투과전자현미경적 관찰을 하였다. 웅성 흰쥐를 정상군, 탈신경군으로 각각 8마리씩 나누어 2주와 4주 후에 희생시켜 실험한 결과 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 조직화학적으로 형태를 관찰 한 결과 대조 1주군부터 근속과 근섬유사이에 염증세포가 관찰되고 핵이 근섬유속에 위치하는 것도 자주 관찰되었다. 2. 대조군도 비슷한 양상을 보였으나 4주군은 근괴사와 염증세포가 더욱 증가하였다. 3. 당원 1주군에서 실험군, 대조군 모두 정상근과 비슷한 양상을 보이나 4주군에서는 섬유를 구별할 수 없는 형태로 관찰되었다. 4. NADH-TR반응에서 적색섬유가 2주군에서 약간 증가하였고 그 후로는 구별이 불가능하였다. 5. 미세구조적으로 양쪽군 모두 근섬유가 굽어있고 mitochondria의 파괴로 인한 공포가 많이 관찰되었으나 전기자극 2주군에서는 일부에서 mitochondria증가를 관찰 하였다.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.263-267
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• 2017

Patients with lysosomal acid lipase (LAL) deficiency and glycogen storage disease (GSD) demonstrated hepatomegaly and dyslipidemia. In our case, a 6-year-old boy presented with hepatosplenomegaly. At 3 years of age, GSD had been diagnosed by liver biopsy at another hospital. He showed elevated serum liver enzymes and dyslipidemia. Liver biopsy revealed diffuse microvesicular fatty changes in hepatocytes, septal fibrosis and foamy macrophages. Ultrastructural examination demonstrated numerous lysosomes that contained lipid material and intracytoplasmic cholesterol clefts. A dried blood spot test revealed markedly decreased activity of LAL. LIPA gene sequencing identified the presence of a novel homozygous mutation (p.Thr177Ile). The patient's elevated liver enzymes and dyslipidemia improved with enzyme replacement therapy. This is the first report of a Korean child with LAL deficiency, and our findings suggest that this condition should be considered in the differential diagnosis of children with hepatosplenomegaly and dyslipidemia.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.562-569
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• 2024

Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) causes a devastating bacterial leaf blight in rice. Here, the antimicrobial effects of ᴰ-limonene, ᴸ-limonene, and its oxidative derivative carveol against Xoo were investigated. We revealed that carveol treatment at ≥ 0.1 mM in liquid culture resulted in significant decrease in Xoo growth rate (> 40%) in a concentration-dependent manner, and over 1 mM, no growth was observed. The treatment with ᴰ-limonene and ᴸ-limonene also inhibited the Xoo growth but to a lesser extent compared to carveol. These results were further elaborated with the assays of motility, biofilm formation and xanthomonadin production. The carveol treatment over 1 mM caused no motilities, basal level of biofilm formation (< 10%), and significantly reduced xanthomonadin production. The biofilm formation after the treatment with two limonene isomers was decreased in a concentration-dependent manner, but the degree of the effect was not comparable to carveol. In addition, there was negligible effect on the xanthomonadin production mediated by the treatment of two limonene isomers. Field emission-scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) unveiled that all three compounds used in this study cause severe ultrastructural morphological changes in Xoo cells, showing shrinking, shriveling, and holes on their surface. Moreover, quantitative real-time PCR revealed that carveol and ᴰ-limonene treatment significantly down-regulated the expression levels of genes involved in virulence and biofilm formation of Xoo, but not with ᴸ-limonene. Together, we suggest that limonenes and carveol will be the candidates of interest in the development of biological pesticides.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• 제57권2호
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• pp.256-270
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• 2024

The antidepressant drug trazodone (TRZ) is commonly used for treating depression, anxiety, and insomnia, however, it causes cardiotoxicity, which is one of its limitations. The objective of this work was to investigate the impact of sage (Salvia officinalis) in rats against cardiotoxicity induced by TRZ and to investigate the mechanisms involved in its cardio-protective properties through autophagy and oxidative stress. Fifty male albino rats were split randomly into five experimental groups: control group, sage oil group (100 mg/kg), TRZ group (20 mg/kg), protective group, and curative group. Cardiac function biomarkers (aspartate aminotransferase [AST], creatine kinase-MB [CK-MB], and cardiac troponin T [cTnI]) were assessed in serum. Oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers in cardiac tissue (total antioxidant capacity, malondialdehyde, and tumor necrosis factor-α) were evaluated. Heart tissues were subjected to histological, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural evaluations. DNA damage also evaluated. Significant rise in the levels of AST, CK-MB, and cTnI were observed with enhanced autophagy along with marked histopathological changes in the form of interrupted muscle fibers with wide interstitial spaces with areas of hemorrhage and extravasated blood and interstitial mononuclear cellular infiltration in TRZ group. DNA damage was also significantly increased in TRZ group. However, administration of sage in both protective and curative groups show marked improvement of the cardiac alterations. In conclusion, sage ameliorated the alterations in the heart induced by trazadone through modulation of autophagy and oxidative stress.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.153-163
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• 2000

본 연구의 목적은 염화수은이 간 미세조직에 일으키는 독성에 대한 SQ의 억제효과를 연구하는데 있다. 본 실험에는 총 40마리의 건강한 ICR계 mouse를 사용하였다. 염화수은 단독투여군(A군)에는 $HgCl_2$(4.0mg/kg)만을 복강투여하였다. 그리고 SQ과 염화수은 동시투여군 (B군)에는 SQ (180 mg/kg, 2 times/day)과 $HgCl_2$ (4.0 mg/kg)를 동시 복강투여하였다. 그리고 각 군은 24, 48, 72, 96시간대에 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. (1)A군 : 핵은 24시간대에서 핵막의 응축현상이 나타났고, 48시간대에는 뚜렷한 응축현상이 관찰되었다. 그러나 96시간대에서는 핵막이 비교적 둥글게 관찰되었다. 전시간대에서 사립체는 내강이 팽대되었고, 사립체릉의 발달이 미약하였다. 또한 기질의 전자밀도가 낮게 나타났다. 72시간대에서는 내 외막의 파괴 현상이 간혹 관찰되었다. 과립형질내세망은 내강의 팽대현상과 층판구조의 붕괴가 24시간대에서 72시간대까지 관찰되었지만, 96시간대부터는 약간의 팽대현상만이 관찰되었다. (2) B군 : 핵막과 염색질은 전시간대에 걸쳐 정상적인 소견을 나타냈다. 사립체는 48시간대에 내 외막의 파괴 현상이 나타났지만, 96시간대에 대부분 정상적인 형태를 이루고 있었고 전자밀도가 약간 높게 나타나는 경향이 있었다. 과립형질내세망은 24시간대와 48시간대에 팽대현상이 나타났지만, 72시간대와 96시간대에는 전형적인 층판구조를 이루기 시작하였으며 주변에 많은 전이소낭들이 관찰되었다. 이상의 결과를 종합하여 보면 SQ이 mouse 간세포에 미치는 염화수은의 독성을 감소소키는 것으로 사료된다.